RBSE Class 12 Biology Notes Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications

These comprehensive RBSE Class 12 Biology Notes Chapter 12 Biotechnology and its Applications will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 12 Notes Biotechnology and its Applications

→ Biotechnology have several applications in field of crop production, agriculture, processed food, therapeutic diagnostic of diseases etc.

→ Biotechnology provide improved organism enzymes, hormones, crops, food products etc.

→ It has application in the field of agriculture, medicine, molecular diagnosis, transgenic animals, which we have discussed in chapter.

→ Importance of biotechnology in agriculture as:

• Enhance crop production.
• Enhance crop protection.
• Improvement of food processing.
• To get better flavour.
• Improve hhtritional value.

→ Green revolution refers to the tremendously increased food production by using modern methods e.g., fertilizers, pesticides, new varieties of crops tractors etc.

→ Any cell of plant, bacteria, algae, fungi and animals, whose DNA or genes are artificially designed and. altered with desired gene are called genetically modified organism (GMO).

→ GM crops are those crops whose DNA has been modified by introducing alien gene in the seeds to get desired effects such as resistance to pest attack or better crop production.

→ Bt Cotton in the only approved GM crop in India, resistance to insects such as butterflies and mouth.

→ Tailor made plants supply enough alternative resource to industries in' means of fuels, pharmaceuticals, starches, carbohydrates, proteins etc., they grow for high yield purpose.

→ Bt Cotton is a genetically modified variety having a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis bacteria produce a toxin protein that kill insects of lepidopterans like beetles, butterfly, mouth etc.

→ Genetically modified insulin or other products. Produced under biotechnology, these products are safer and more effective for all mankind.

→ All recombinant proteins are beyond the unwanted effects and is not a risk of any infection,

→ Human insulin is made from bacteria, is completely safe and effective to use.

→ The use of gene therapy underwent a radical change in the field of biotechnology' by which even hereditary disease can be treated by replacing defected gene with healthy ones.

→ Cancer, cystic fibrosis, heart disease, diabetes, AIDS etc., can be treated with gene therapy.

→ Molecular diagnosis have a great advantage in which we can delete the disease in time before it spread throughout the body. Which is very useful for non-symptomatic and lethal diseases.

→ the production of transgenic animals is to improve human health and increase animal welfare by. decreasing livestock disease.

→ As the human being progressing in the field of biotechnology, desire to do new experiments is growing day and night. It is not on beneficial to human health but also a part of the nations huge income.

→ The biotechnology field faces manyethiCal issues in which the nation is grappling with problems such as biopatefit and biopiracy.

→ Agrochemicals:    Agrochemicals Are chemical products used in agricultural field, refers to pesticides, herbicides, nematicides.

→ Post Harvest Losses: Refers to the quantitative and qualitative loss in a given product it also include nutritional loss and viability loss.

→ Cry gene: Cry gene family of bacillus thuringiensis which encodes protein against only insect species.

→ RNA interference (RNAi): Biological process where RNA molecules inhibit the translation or gene expression also known as co-suppressers.

→ Autoradiography: Autoradiography is a imaging technique used to visualize the distribution of radioactive labeled substance with radioisotope in biological sample e.g., DNA.

→ Cystic Fibrosis: Inherited disorder that damage the lungs and digestive system.

→ Alzehimer's: Brain cell disease, destroys its own cell and important mental functions.

→ Phenylketonuria: A gene that break phenyl alanine in body, get defected so dangerous buildup of phenylalanine occurs and cause brain damage.

→ Patent: Granting of a property right by a inventor or authoriser.