RBSE Class 12 Biology Notes Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare

These comprehensive RBSE Class 12 Biology Notes Chapter 10 Microbes in Human Welfare will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 12 Biology Chapter 10 Notes Microbes in Human Welfare

→ Microorganisms which are not visible with naked eyes and viewed under the microscope are called microorganism or simple microbes.

→ The microbes are almost omnipresent and are characterized with very high degree of adaptability.

→ A most important microbial activity in production of household products is conversion of milk into curd. The bacteria which carries this process is Lactobacillus or Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB).

→ Fermentation is the oldest biotechnological process and alcohol from fermented sleep liquor or plant juice was perhaps the first product of biotechnology.

→ Louis pasteur observed in the middle of 19th century that alcoholic fermentation of the sugar required the multiplication of yeast cells.

→ The yeasts are mainly of two types: bakers yeast and brewer’s yeast.

→ There are two types of fermentation processes:

1. Batch process and
2. continuous process.

→ An antibiotic is an organic compound produced by a microorganism that inhibits the growth of or kill another microorganisms.

→ The major enzymes produced by microorganisms and used in industries are: proteases, amylases, lactoses, glucoamylases, isoglucomerases and rennet.

→ The important organic acids produced commercially, by the activities of microorganisms are acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, fumaric acid, gluconic acid, butyric acid etc.

→ One of the most important role of microorganisms is • sewage disposal. They are used to transform wastewater by the process of activated sludge formation. Thus, they help in recycling of water.

→ Biogas or gobar gas is produced with the help of methanogenic microorganisms. Biogas is used as energy source in rural areas.

→ Biopesticides are the pesticides of biological origin or the biological control agents which are used to control the weeds and pests. They are of manly two types: bioherbicides and bioinsecticides.

→ Biofertilizers are the major contributors to increase crop production.

→ Biofertilizers are the microorganisms which bring about soil nutrients enrichment, maximize the ecological benefits and minimize the environmental hazard. These include nitrogen fixing bacteria, cyanobacteria and fungi.

→ Mycorrhiza are symbiotic association of fungi with the roots of higher plants. They are of two types: endomycorrhiza and ectomycorrhiza.

→ Microbes/Microorganisms: Small sized organisms visible under the microscope.

→ LAB: Lactic Acid Bacteria.

→ Butter Milk: Acedulated liquid leftover after churning of butter from cream is called butter milk.

→ Tody: Coconut water is fermented to produce a refreshing drink called tody.

→ Floes: Masses of bacterial associated with fungal filaments.

→ Fermentor: A bioreactor in which fermentation process is carried to produce a product on an industrial scale.

→ Inoculum: Starter of a biological reaction.

→ Activated Sludge: Bacterial floes which aerobically decompose the organic matter.

→ Fermentation: Anaerobic break down of substances by some anaerobes like bacteria, fungi etc.

→ Antibiotics: Defensive chemicals produced by certain useful microbes and used to kill certain other harmful microbes.

→ Sewage: Municipal waste water with suspended particles;; organic wastes and pathogenic microorganisms.

→ STP: Sewage tratement plant where sewage is subjected to various treatment.

→ Biocontrol: Control of pathogenic organisms and plant pests with the help of living organisms.

→ Biofertilizers: Microbes which increase the soil fertility.

→ Biopesticides: Microbes which kill harmful herbs, insects and other organisms in our crops.

→ Methanogens: Methane producing microorganisms.

→ Mycorrhiza: Association of fungi with roots of higher plants.

→ BOD: Biochemical Oxygen Demand.
 
→ IARI: Indian Agriculture Research Institute.

→ VAM: Vasicular or Arbuscular Mycorrhizae.