RBSE Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Collection of Data

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Collection of Data Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 11 Economics Important Questions Chapter 2 Collection of Data

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Class 11 Statistics Chapter 2 Important Questions With Answers Question 1.
What do you mean by data?
Answer:
Data is the plural form of the Latin word ‘datum’, which means a fact or information.

Collection Of Data Class 11 Extra Questions And Answers Question 2. 
What is the purpose of data collection?
Answer:
The purpose of data collection is to collect evidence and arrive at an effective solution to an economic problem.

Collection Of Data Class 11 Important Questions Question 3. 
What is primary data?
Answer:
Primary data is the type of data which is collected by the investigator or enumerator from its origin. 

Class 11 Statistics For Economics Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 4. 
Define secondary data?
Answer:
Secondary data is the data which has already been collected and new investigator only uses it for his investigation purpose.

Important Questions Of Collection Of Data Class 11 Question 5. 
Who is an investigator?
Answer:
An investigator is a person who plans and executes the investigation.

Statistics Chapter 2 Class 11 Important Questions Question 6. 
Who is a respondent?
Answer:
A respondent is the person who provides actual data.

Class 11 Economics Collection Of Data Important Questions Question 7. 
Who is an enumerator?
Answer:
An enumerator is the one who does actual collection of data.

Collection Of Data Important Questions Question 8. 
Write one internal and one external source of data.
Answer:
Annual report of a company is an internal source of data while data from NSSO is an external source of data.

Statistics For Economics Class 11 Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 9. 
Name any two published sources of data.
Answer:
World Bank and International Monetary Fund are the examples of published sources of data.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Collection Of Data Question Answer Question 10. 
Name any two unpublished sources of data.
Answer:
Private institutions and individual researchers are the examples of unpublished sources of data. 

Important Questions For Class 11 Economics Statistics Chapter 2 Question 11.
Write any two methods of data collection
Answer:
Methods of data collection are:
(i) Direct personal investigation
(ii) Indirect oral investigation
(iii) Investigation through local correspondents and resources
(iv) Through questionnaires 

Class 11 Microeconomics Chapter 2 Extra Questions Question 12. 
What are the types of questionnaire method?
Answer:
There are two types of questionnaire method:
(i) Questionnaire through enumeration
(ii) Questionnaire through mail

Class 11 Collection Of Data Important Questions Question 13. 
List the types of questions that may be asked in the questionnaire.
Answer:
The questionnaire may consist of closed-ended questions or open-ended questions.

Class 11 Microeconomics Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 14. 
What are close-ended questions?
Answer:
Closed-ended question can either be a two-way question or a multiple choice question. It is also known as structured question.

Important Questions For Class 11 Microeconomics Chapter 2 Question 15. 
List any two demerits of mailing questionnaire. 
Answer:
The demerits of mailing questionnaire are:
(i) Possibility of misinterpretation of questions
(ii) Produces low response rates

Important Questions From Collection Of Data Class 11 Question 16. 
When is it suggested to undertake indirect oral investigation?
Answer:
Indirect oral investigation is suggested when the respondents are reluctant to answer certain questions in direct personal interviews.    

Collection Of Data In Statistics Class 11 Important Questions Question 17. 
What may be the impact of the presence of the researcher in personal interview?
Answer:
Presence of the researcher may obstruct respondents from saying what they really think

Collection Of Data Class 11 Questions And Answers Question 18. 
What are the benefits of conducting pilot survey?
Answer:
The following are the benefits of conducting pilot survey:
(i) Helps in providing a prior idea about the survey
(ii) Helps to know the shortcomings and drawbacks of the questions
(iii) Helps in assessing the suitability of questions

Statistics For Economics Class 11 Important Questions Question 19.
What is universe?
Answer:
In statistics, universe refers to an aggregate of items to be studied for an investigation. It is also called population.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Statistics Question Answer Question 20. 
What is meant by sample?
Answer:
A sample refers to a group or section of the population from which information is to be obtained.

Statistics Class 11 Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 21. 
Name any two major agencies in India which collect, process and tabulate statistical data.
Answer:
Major agencies in India which collect, process and tabulate statistical data are:
(i) Census of India
(ii) National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO)
(iii) Central Statistical Organisation (CSO)

Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Question Answer Question 22. 
What type of data does NSSO provide?
Answer:
NSSO provides periodic estimates of literacy, school enrolment, utilisation of educational services, employment, unemployment, manufacturing and service sector enterprises, morbidity, maternity, child care, utilisation of the public distribution system, etc.

Statistics For Economics Class 11 Chapter 2 Questions And Answers Question 23.
Which method would be used for draw of lots?
Answer:
Sample method would be used for draw of lots.

Class 11 Economics Chapter 2 Important Questions Question 24.
Which method would be used for the estimation of population in a country? 
Answer:
Census method would be used for the estimation of population in a country. 

Question 25.
Which method is more expensive - sample method or census method?
Answer:
Census method is a more expensive method.

Question 26.
Which method needs less number of enumerators - sample method or census method? 
Answer:
Sample method need less number of enumerators.
List the various methods of sampling.

Following are the various methods of sampling:
(i) Random sampling    
(ii) Purposive sampling
(iii) Stratified sampling    
(iv) Systematic sampling
(v) Quota sampling    
(vi) Convenience sampling

Question 27.
State one difference between random sampling and non-random sampling.
Answer:
In random sampling, every individual has an equal chance of being selected; while in non-random sampling, all the units of the population do not have an equal chance of being selected.

Question 28.
State the types of statistical errors.
Answer:
Statistical errors are broadly classified as:
(i) Sampling errors    
(ii) Non-sampling errors

Question 29. 
What is sampling error?
Answer: 
Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample estimate and the actual value of a characteristic of the population.

Question 30. 
Define non-sampling errors.
Answer:
Non-sampling errors arise from the statistical analysis due to human errors such as bias, typing errors as well as false information provided by the respondents.

Question 31. 
List the types of non-sampling errors.
Answer:
Following are the types of non-sampling errors:
(i) Errors in data acquisition    
(ii) Non-response errors
(iii) Sampling bias

Question 32.    
It is possible to reduce the magnitude of sampling error? How?    
Answer:
Yes, it is possible to reduce the magnitude of sampling error by taking a larger sample.    

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is data? Explain the sources of data.
Answer:
Data is the plural form of the Latin word 'datum', which means a fact or information.
Sources of Data

Data can be obtained from two sources:
(i) Internal Source of Data: When data are obtained from the reports of various institutes, it is called as internal source of data. For example, report published by any bank regarding its deposits and loan will be an internal source of data for that particular bank.

(ii) External Source of Data: When data is collected by any organisation from other organisation or source then the source of data is called as external source. For example, an economist uses the data published by the Indian government while evaluating an economic problem.

Data collected from external source are of two types:

• Primary Data: Primary data is the type of data which is collected by the investigator or enumerator from its origin.
• Secondary Data: Secondary data is the data which has already been collected and new investigator only uses it for his investigation purpose.

Question 2. 
Differentiate between primary and secondary data.
Answer:
The following are the points of difference between primary and secondary data:

Primary Data	Secondary Data
1. Primary data is "the type of data which is collected by the investigator or enumerator from its origin.	Secondary data is the data which has already been collected and new investigator only uses it for his investigation purpose.
2. It is collected systematically to suit the purpose of investigation.	It may or may not suit the purpose of investigation.
3. Primary data are costly and time consuming.	Secondary data are relatively cheaper.
4. Extra precautions are not required while using the data	It is required to use the secondary data with great care and caution.
5. Primary data is in the form of raw material.	Secondary data is usually ready made material.

Question 3.
Differentiate between direct personal and indirect oral investigation.
Answer:
Following are the points of difference between direct personal and indirect oral investigation:

Direct Personal Investigation Method	Indirect Oral Investigation Method
Restricted field of operation	Wide and vast field of operation
Costly method	Relatively inexpensive method
Knowledge of regional ritual is must	Knowledge of regional ritual is not necessary
Direct information from the respondents	Indirect information

Question 4.
Explain the questionnaire method of investigation.
Answer: 
In questionnaire method, investigator prepares a sequence of question keeping in mind the objective of the investigation and sends them to the respondent. Based on the questionnaire, information can be collected in two ways:
(i) through enumerator    
(ii) through mail

Question 5. 
What is the difference between enumerator’s and mail questionnaire method?
Answer: 
In enumerator’s method, the questionnaire is sent through the enumerators to the respondents and enumerator collects the data. In mail questionnaire method, the questionnaire is sent to the respondents through the mail.

Question 6.
Differentiate between schedule and questionnaire.
Answer: 
Series of questions prepared with reference to the investigation is called a questionnaire whereas questionnaire filled by enumerator himself by asking the respondents is called a schedule.

Question 7.
What are the features of a good questionnaire?    
Answer:
Accuracy and originality of data collected through questionnaire depend upon the quality of questions in the questionnaire. A good questionnaire must have following features:    
(i) Objective of investigation and instruction for filling the questionnaire should be clearly mentioned.    
(ii) Number and nature of question should be minimum and from the field of investigation only. 
(iii) All the questions should be in a proper order.    
(iv) Question should not be of irritating nature, wrong type and hurtful to the feelings of special categories. 
(v) Language of the questions should be easy, clear and direct so that everyone could understand it.

Question 6.
Explain the nature of questions of questionnaire with example.
Answer: 
The nature of different questions in a questionnaire has been explained below:
(i) Open-ended Questions: While answering these types of questions respondents get the chance of expressing their views openly. Examples:

• Suggest some measures to alleviate poverty.
• What are your views about women emancipation?

(ii) Closed-ended Questions: These can either be a two-way question or a multiple choice question. Closed-ended questions are also known as structured questions.
(a) Two-way Questions: Question in which respondents could reply in option such as yes or no, wrong or right, less or more, etc. Examples:

• Do you use public transport?
• Do you pay tax every year?

(b) Multiple-option Questions: In these types of questions, there is a possibility of more than two options of answers. Such questions diversify the area of investigation. 
Examples:

• Who is your favourite politician?
  (A) Manmohan Singh    
  (B) Sonia Gandhi
  (C) A.B. Vajpayee    
  (D) Laloo Prasad Yadav

Question 7.
Define pilot survey. List its uses.
Answer:
Pilot survey is a preliminary piece of research conducted in order to test the effectiveness of the research methodology. It should be completed before the commencement of the final survey. The intention is to alert the surveyor regarding the difficulties that were not anticipated at the survey proposal stage.

Pilot survey helps in assessing the:
(i) performance of the enumerators    
(ii) quality of questions;    
(iii) suitability of questions;
(iv) cost involved in the final survey; and
(v) time involved in the final survey.

Question 8.
What is meant by random sampling?
Answer:
Random sampling is that method in which every element of universe or population has an equal chance of being selected. There is no bias in the selection of a sample. This method is more suitable for homogeneous universe. This method can be used in the following two ways:
(i) Random number tables
(ii) Lottery method    

Question 9. 
Present the merits and demerits of purposive sampling method in a tabular form. 
Answer:
The merits and demerits of purposive sampling method are given in the table below:

Merits	Demerits
The candidates who are not suitable for the sample study are eliminated and only the most suitable candidates remain.	The investigator uses random criteria for selection, which is usually subjective.
Since the most suitable candidates are selected for the study, the process becomes less time-consuming.	The narrowness of the questions used reflects the investigator’s attitude on a subject.
This method saves cost as the investigator selects the target group on the basis of expected results.	The sample population used may not truly reflect the population that the investigator is trying to approach.
The results are expected to be more represen­tative of the population compared to those obtained from any other form of sampling.	Since a small sample population is used, even a small variation in the sample may cause huge deviation in the results.

Question 10.
What do you mean by mixed or stratified sampling?
Answer:
Stratified sampling method is the mixture of random and purposive sampling. Through this method, demerits of both random and purposive sampling could be eliminated. This method is used when the population is heterogeneous. In this method, population is classified into groups according to homogeneity and then a sample is selected from each group using random sampling. Let us take an example. In a class of 100 students, we have to select 10 to study the marks. 

Follow the steps given below:

(i) Divide students into three groups.
Group A: More than 60 percent = 50 
Group B: Between 45-60 percent = 30
Group C: Less than 45 percent = 20    
(ii) Using random sampling, select 5 students from the first group, 3 students from the second group and 2 students from the third group.

Question 11. 
State the comparison between census and sampling.
Answer:
The comparison between Census and Sampling is given in the table below:

Census Method	Sampling Method
Studies whole population	Studies only selected data
Suitable for limited field	Suitable for vast and wide field
High accuracy level	Low accuracy level
Costly and effort taking	Less costly and requires less effort
Takes longer time	Takes less time
Suitable for heterogeneous population	Suitable for homogenous population
Difficult to check level of accuracy	Easy to check level of accuracy

Question 12.
Explain in brief the types of statistical errors.    
Answer:
Statistical errors are of two types:    
(i) Sampling error refers to the difference between the sample estimate and the actual value of a characteristic of the population.    
(ii) Non-sampling errors arise from the statistical analysis due to human errors such as bias, typing errors as well as false information provided by the respondents.    

Question 13.
What are the various types of non-sampling errors.
Answer: 
The various types of non-sampling errors are discussed below:
(i) Error in Data Acquisition: This type of non-sampling error arises when incorrect responses are recorded. Such errors may occur due differences in techniques used for investigation, carelessness of enumerators, etc. 
(ii) Non-response Errors: It occurs if an interviewer fails to contact a person listed in the sample or a person from the sample refuses to respond.
(iii) Sampling Bias: It occurs when the sampling plan is such that some members of the target population cannot be included.

Question 14.
Give two examples of non-sampling errors.
Answer:
Examples of non-sampling error:
(i) A respondent may exaggerate his or her income to appear more socially desirable.
(ii) The enumerator recorded the age of the respondent as 65 years instead of 56 year.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the direct personal investigation method.Write its suitability, merits and demerits.
Answer:
In direct personal investigation method, investigator goes in person to person contact in the area in which he wants to execute the investigation and collects the required information and data. The investigator has to be hard working, unbiased, able and patient to execute investigation through this method. 

Suitability of Direct Personal Investigation Method
(i) Field of investigation is restricted.
(ii) Confidentiality of data is important.
(iii) Data is to be collected directly from the source.
(iv) Data is required in original form.

Merits of Direct Personal Investigation Method
(i) Data collected through this method are reliable because investigator collects them directly.
(ii) Data collected is original.
(iii) Data collected is homogeneous and uniform as collected by single hand.
(iv) The level of accuracy is high.

Demerits of Direct Personal Investigation Method
(i) It requires large amount of money, time and effort.
(ii) It is suitable for limited area of investigation.
(iii) Since information is collected in person, there are chances of it being biased.
(iv) Method can be used only by able, wise and patient investigator and not by an ordinary investigator.
(v) Method is not suitable for large number of respondents.

Question 2.
Discuss the suitability of indirect oral investigation method along with its merits and demerits. 
Answer:
Sometimes respondents are not willing to provide the data directly to the investigator such as data regarding the habit of cigarette smoking and alcohol taking habits among students. In such situations, indirect oral investigation method is the most appropriate. In this method, the required data is collected from the persons associated with the respondents.

Suitability of Indirect Oral Investigation Method
(i) Direct contact with respondents is not possible.
(ii) Field of investigation is very vast.
(iii) Expert investigator is available.
(iv) Respondents are unable to provide information due to unawareness.

Merits of Indirect Oral Investigation Method
(i) It is a simple and less time-taking method.
(ii) It is relatively inexpensive method.
(iii) This method is unbiased.
(iv) It provides the opinion of the experts.

Demerits of Indirect Oral Investigation Method
(i) Information collected can be biased.
(ii) Information may be wrong since it is not in its original form.
(iii) Respondents may behave carelessly because the information being asked is not directly related to them.

Question 3. 
Discuss in detail about the collection of data through local correspondents or sources.
Answer:
In this method, investigator does not approach the respondents but appoints some local correspondents to collect data or from local resource.
Suitability of Indirect Oral Investigation Method
(i) Data is to be collected regularly.
(ii) Data is to be used by the media. 
(iii) Field of data is very vast.
(iv) Accuracy level of data is not a concern.

Merits of Indirect Oral Investigation Method

(i) It can cover wide field of investigation.
(ii) This method is less costly and requires less effort.

Demerits of Indirect Oral Investigation Method

(i) Data is not so accurate.
(ii) Data is received after a long period.
(iii) Data lack originality.
(iv) Data is not homogeneous since it is collected by different correspondents.

Question 4. 
Write down the precautions involved in the use of secondary data.
Answer:
Secondary data should always be used with great cane because this data has been collected by an individual researcher for a special purpose. Secondary data has to be checked, tested for suitability, accuracy before using them. Thus, some points must be kept in mind before using secondary data such as:

• Whether the data is adequate for use?
• Whether data is suitable for present investigation and objective?
• Whether the data is reliable?
• Are they available in sufficient amount or not?

Following are the precautions that need to be taken in use of secondary data:
(i) Technique of Data Collection: Before using the secondary data, it is necessary to know that whether the method of their collection is suitable and reliable.

(ii) Accuracy of Data: Before the use, accuracy level of data has to be certified because inaccurate data is not suitable for the research.

(iii) Capability of the Collector: The nature, capability, honesty, and biased nature of the collector has to be considered prior to the use of secondary data as only honest, capable and unbiased collector can collect the quality data.

(iv) Objective and Scope of Data: It should be known beforehand the objective and scope of the data to be used as secondary.

(v) Time and Condition of Data Collection: Time and condition of data collection may vary so it is important to check the suitability of these variables to the present investigation.

(vi) Unit of Data Collection: For the data to be used as secondary, the unit of the data should be the same that is being used for the present investigation.

Question 5. 
Suggest the steps for planning a field survey.    
Answer:
Following steps are to be taken while planning a field survey:    
(i) Design  a questionnaire with utmost care and be sure that:    

• The questionnaire has a reasonable length.      
• The questionnaire includes only precise and short questions.    
• The set of questions in the questionnaire can be cross-checked.    
• The questions should not involve difficult calculations for the respondents.    

(ii) Arrange a proper training programme for the enumerators and explain them the purpose, mode of enquiry and nature of various questions in the questionnaire.  
 
(iii)  Decide the mode of enquiry viz., direct personal or oral investigation or mailing the questionnaire, 

(iv)  Conduct a pilot survey when the field of survey is very large.    

Question 6.
What is Census method? Write merits, demerits and suitability.
Answer:
In Census method, the data related to investigation is collected with reference to each item of universe or population and conclusions are drawn on that basis. For example, in order to calculate the number of females in a country, information related to entire population needs to be collected.

Merits of Census Method
(i)  Chances of bias are very less as data related to each item is collected.
(ii) This is an intensified median method to get vast details.
(iii) This method is reliable, and has high level of accuracy.
(iv) Using this method, study of each item is easily possible.
(v) The method is suitable for investigation of mixed items.
(vi) With the help of this method, direct as well as indirect testing is also possible. 
For instance, from the investigation on education, conclusion on unemployment can also be drawn.

Demerits of Census Method
(i) This method is costly.
(ii) It is quite inconvenient to collect information through this method because nature of each item differs.
(iii) It is a lengthy process and hence, the results are obtained after a long time period.
(iv) This method is not suitable for large population because study and contact of every item is not possible.

Question 7.
Write a short notes on:
(i) Census of India    
(ii) National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) 
Answer:
Census of India: The Census is regularly conducted in India every ten years since 1881. The Census of India provides the most detailed demographic record of Indian population, ft collects information on various aspects of population such as the literacy, density of population, sex ratio, infant mortality rate, migration, rural-urban distribution, etc. The Census in India is not just a statistical operation, it also interprets and analyses the data in an interesting manner. 

National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO): The NSSO conducts nationwide surveys on  socio-economic issues. The NSSO does continuous surveys in successive rounds. The data collected by NSSO are released through reports and quarterly journal Sarvekshana’. NSSO provides periodic estimates of literacy, school enrolment, utilisation of educational services, employment, unemployment, manufacturing and service sector enterprises, morbidity, maternity, child care, utilisation of the public distribution system, etc. The NSSO also undertakes the fieldwork of Annual survey of industries, conducts crop estimation surveys, collects rural and urban retail prices for compilation of consumer price index numbers.    
                        
Question 8. 
Describe sampling method, its suitability., merits and demerits.
Answer:
In sample method, a sample is taken out of population that represents the entire population. For example, to find out the quality of wheat grains in a truck, a few grains are taken out for checking.

Suitability of Sampling Method
(i) High level of accuracy is not a concern 
(ii) Almost all items are similar and equal
(iii) Items not easily perishable    
(iv) Area of investigation is very vast
(v) Intense study of item is not required 

Merits of Sampling Method

(i) This method takes less time and efforts.
(ii) It is less expensive.
(iii) This method is scientific as it is based on the law of errors.
(iv) It is suitable for unlimited universe. 
(v) It is more reliable as the effect of extreme items is studied intensely.
(vi) Since extreme items are studied, identification of error is easy.

Demerits of Sampling Method

(i) This method is not able to achieve high level of accuracy.
(ii) The conclusion based on sample may be wrong.
(iii) Taking out a sample representing the whole population is quite difficult
(iv) Only experts can use this method effectively.
(v) It is not suitable for small population.

Question 9. 
What is random sampling? Write its types, merits and demerits.
Answer:
Random sampling is that method in which every element of universe or population has an equal chance of being selected. There is no prejudice in the selection of a sample. This method is more suitable for homogeneous universe.

Types of Random Sampling
(i) Random Number Tables: In this method, sample is selected with the help of tables. These tables are made such that different numbers are taken in same frequency from ‘0’ to ‘n’.
(ii) Lottery Method: In this method, draw is taken out to select the sample.

Merits of Random Sampling
(i) There is no chance of bias.
(ii) Every item has an equal chance of selection.
(iii) Right representatives of the population are selected.
(iv) Level of accuracy can be measured.
(v) Less efforts are required in this method.

Demerits of Random Sampling
(i) This method is not suitable for small population.
(ii) It is not suitable for heterogeneous population.
(iii) It may ignore important items.
(iv) It is not a reliable method.

Question 10. 
Differentiate between quota and convenience sampling.
Answer:
Quota Sampling Method: In this method, selection of sample is on the basis of quota. The population is classified into several groups and the number of items to be selected from each group is fixed. However, the selection of items depends upon the personal judgment of the investigator. Suppose the government wants to conduct a survey on population. 

It is asked to survey 500 persons wherein for every 100 persons surveyed, 50 should be from urban area and 50 from rural area. This implies that in a population of 500, there will be a quota of 250 from urban area and 250 from rural area.

Convenience Sampling Method: In this method, the enumerator has complete freedom to select the sample as per his convenience. For instance, a magazine or newspaper selects a person of its choice for interviewing. This method is also known as check method because the part which is taken from universe is known as check. This method is less costly and requires less time and efforts.

Question 11. 
Discuss the factors which determine the reliability of the sampling data.
Answer:
Sample can draw accurate conclusion on population under investigation only if the data is reliable. Reliability of the sampling data depends upon the following factors:
(i) Non-biased Respondents and Investigators: If respondents and investigators are of biased nature, the data will not be reliable.        
(ii) Education or Training of Investigators: Only trained and educated investigator can collect reliable data
(iii) Method of Sampling: The method of sampling used for investigation should be most suitable to the population under study.
(iv) Size of Sample: If size of sample is limited, the representation would not be complete and accurate.
(v) Nature of Population: There will be less reliability if the population is of heterogeneous nature.

Higher Order Thinking Skills

Question 1.
How does an investigator differ from an enumerator?
Answer:
An investigator is a person who plans and conducts an empirical investigation independently or with the help of another person. Enumerator, on the other hand, is a person who actually collects the desired statistical information or statistical data. Usually, the enumerators are trained personnel hired by the investigator for fieldwork.

 Question 2. 
What is need for conducting pilot survey?
Answer:
Pilot survey is a pre-testing of the questionnaire. It helps in assessing the quality of the questionnaire prepared and the way respondents respond to such a set of questions. Accordingly, the enumerator is able to know in advance the shortcomings of the questionnaire. The required changes in the questionnaire may be introduced before it is set out for final survey.

Question 3. 
State two important features of a good sample.
Answer:
The important features of a good sample are:
(i) The sample must represent features of the entire universe.
(ii) The sample must be adequate enough to offer reliable conclusions.

Objective Type Questions:

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Who among the following gives answer to the questions being asked in an interview? 
(A) Enumerator    
(B) Respondent
(C) Investigator    
(D) Correspondent
Answer:
(B) Respondent

Question 2.    
Which of the following is not a source of secondary data?
(A) Interview    
(B) Official statistics
(Q Government reports    
(D) Web information
Answer:
(A) Interview    

Question 3.    
What is an alternate name for closed-ended questions?
(A) Sequential questions    
(B) Structured questions
(C) Direct questions    
(D) Indirect questions
Answer:
(B) Structured questions

Question 4.
Which of the following is a demerit of telephonic investigation?
(A) Cannot be used by illiterates    
(B) Very expensive
(C) Reactions cannot be watched    
(D) Long response time
Answer:
(C) Reactions cannot be watched    

Question 5.    
Which of the following is not a method of non-random sampling?
(A) Stratified sampling    
(B) Quota sampling
(C) Purposive sampling    
(D) Lottery method sampling
Answer:
(D) Lottery method sampling

Question 6.    
What is the difference between sample estimate and actual value is called? 
(A) Non-response error    
(B) Sampling error
(C) Sampling bias    
(D) Non-sampling error
Answer:
(B) Sampling error

Question 7.    
Recording 54 instead of 45 is an example of which type of error?
(A) Non-response error    
(B) Sampling error
(C) Error in data acquisition    
(D) Sampling bias
Answer:
(C) Error in data acquisition  

Question 8.    
If in a sample of 500 persons, from every 100 persons, 50 should be selected from village and 50 should be selected from city, what is the quota of village?
(A) 500    
(B) 300
(C) 350    
(D) 250 
Answer:
(D) 250 

Question 9.    
In which of the following methods does each unit of population have equal chance of being selected in the sample?
(A) Restricted sampling    
(B) Purposive sampling
(C) Simple random sampling    
(D) Convenience sampling
Answer:
(C) Simple random sampling  

Question 10.    
When was the first Census conducted after independence?
(A) 1951    
(B) 1961
(C) 1971    
(D) 1981
Answer:
(A) 1951 

I. Fill in the blanks with correct answer.

I. The values of variables represented by the letters XY or Z are called the____
2. _____ is the person who collects the data by conducting an enquiry.
3. _____ is a method of gathering information from individuals.
4. _____ questions allow for more individual used responses due to a lot of variation.
5. Telephone interview is better in the cases where the respondents are reluctant to answer certain questions in ___ interviews.
6. The difference between sample estimate and actual value is termed as ___
7. Simple random sample can be selected with the help of____ method.
8. Stratified sampling is appropriate when population is .
9. When units of the population are arranged in a sequence, it is called ____ sampling.
I0. ______ random sampling is better than stratified random sampling for a homogeneous
population.
Answers:
1. observation 
2. Enumerator 
3. Survey 
4. Open-ended
5. personal
6. sampling error 
7. lottery 
8. heterogeneous
9. systematic random 
10. Simple

II. State whether the following statements are true or false

1. Primary data is the data which has already been collected and new investigator only uses it for his investigation purpose.
2. Questionnaire through mail method of investigation is a highly accurate method of collection information.
3. In a questionnaire, the senes of questions should move from general to specific.
4. Pilot survey is conducted with a small group to know the drawbacks and shortcomings of the questions.
5. The Census of India is carried out every ten years.
6. NSSO conducts nationwide surveys on political issues.
7. In random sampling, individual units are selected at random.
8. Purposive sampling is a mixture of random and purposive sampling.
9. Sampling errors are more serious than non-sampling errors.
10. A Census is completely free from errors.
Answers: 
1. False 
2. False 
3. True 
4. True 
5. True 
6. False
7. True 
8. False 
9. False 
10. False

III. Match the Following :

Column - I	Column - II
1. Primary data	(A) Data from published sources
2. Secondary data	(B) Collection of data by conducting an enquiry
3. Pilot survey	(C) Time taking and expensive
4. Personal Interview	(D) Method of gathering information from individual
5. Survey	(E) Report published by any bank regarding deposits
6. Internal sources of data	(F) Pre-testing of the questionnaire
7. Mailed Interview	(G) Published and unpublished
8. Sources of secondary data	(H) Best for sensitive questions
9. International publication	(I) Errors in Data Acquisition
10. Non-Sampling Error	(J) International Labour Organisation

Answers: 
1. (B) 2. (A) 3. (F) 4. (C) 5. (D) 6. (E) 7. (H) 8. (G) 9. (j) 10. (i)

IV. Read the following statement- Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Choose one of the correct alternatives given below:

Assertion (A): In Lottery method, there is an equal possibility of selection of each item.
Reason (R): Lottery method always gives a random sample. 
Afternative
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true and Reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is true.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)

V. Read the following hypothetical case study carefully and answer the following questions on the base of the same:

Statistical data can be obtained from two sources. The enumerator may collect the data by conducting an enquiry or an investigation. Such data are called primary data as they are based on first hand information. Suppose you want to know about the popularity of a film star among school students.

For this you will have to enquire from a large number of school students by asking questions from them to collect the desired information. The data you get, is an example of primary data. If the data are collected and processed by some other agency, they are called secondary data. Generally published data are secondary data

1. _____ data are called first hand data. (Primary/Secondary)
2. ______ data are-collected by investigator from its orign. (Primary/Secondary)
3. ______ data are already collected by investigators. (Primary/Secondary)
4. Generally the published data are ____ data. (primary/secondary)
Answers: 
1. Primary 
2. Primary 
3. Secondary 
4. Secondary