RBSE Class 7 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 7 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 7 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 Eighteenth Century Political Formations

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. 
Nadir Shah was the ruler of:
(a) Delhi 
(b) Bengal
(c) Iran 
(d) Afghan
Answer:
(c) Iran 

 

Question 2. 
Asaf Jah took the control of:
(a) Bengal 
(b) Hyderabad
(c) Delhi 
(d) Awadh
Answer:
(b) Hyderabad

Question 3. 
The state of Hyderabad was founded by:
(a) Farrukh Siyar
(b) Saadat Khan
(c) Murshid Quli Khan
(d) Nizam-ul-Mulk
Answer:
(d) Nizam-ul-Mulk

Question 4. 
Who founded the city of Jaipur?
(a) Sawai Jai Singh
(b) Raja Ajit Singh
(c) Raja Man Singh
(d) Jahandar Shah
Answer:
(a) Sawai Jai Singh

Question 5. 
The successor of Guru Gobind Singh:
(a) Banda Bahadur
(b) Guru Nanak
(c) Guru Arjun
(d) Guru Teg Bahadur
Answer:
(a) Banda Bahadur

Question 6. 
Poona became the capital of 
kingdom.
(a) Maratha 
(b) Mughals
(c) Afghans 
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Maratha 

Fill in the blanks

Question 1 
.............. was the founder of Hyderabad state.
Answer:
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf

Question 2. 
Aurangzeb died in .............. 
Answer:
1707

Question 3. 
The third battle of Panipat was fought .............. 
Answer:
1761

Question 4.   
.............. was the founder of Awadh state.
Answer:
Bushan-ul-Mulk Saadat Khan

Question 5 
.............. was the founder of Bengal state.
Answer: 
Murshid-Quli Khan

True/False

Question 1. 
The Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded north India five times between 1748 and 1761.
Answer:
True

Question 2. 
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah was appointed subadar of Awadh in 1722.
Answer:
False

Question 3. 
Guru Gobind Singh, reunited Sikh groups and established his capital at Lahore in 1799.
Answer:
False

 

Question 4. 
Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organisation.
Answer:
True

Question 5. 
Baji Rao, I was the. son of Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath.
Answer: 
True

Match the column

I	II
1. Sawai Raja Jai Singh	(a) Khalsa
2. Chauth	(b) Jaipur
3. Guru Gobind Singh	(c) 9-10 percent of the land revenue
4. Kunbis	(d) 25 percent of land revenue
5. Sardeshmukhi	(e) Peasant pastoralists
6. Third Battle of panipat	(f) 1761

Answer:

I	II
1. Sawai Raja Jai Singh	(b) Jaipur
2. Chauth	(d) 25 percent of land revenue
3. Guru Gobind Singh	(a) Khalsa
4. Kunbis	(e) Peasant pastoralists
5. Sardeshmukhi	(c) 9-10 percent of the land revenue
6. Third Battle of Panipat	(f) 1761

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
The boundaries of the Mughal Empire were reshaped’ Why?
Answer: 
The boundaries of the Mughal Empire were reshaped as:

1. A number of independent kingdoms emerged.
2. By 1765, the British grabbed major chunks of territory in eastern India.

Question 2. 
In which year did Aurangzeb die?
Answer: 
Aurangzeb died in 1707.

Question 3. 
Who invaded north India five times?
Answer:
Afghan ruler Ahmad Shah Abdali invaded north India five times between 1748 to 1761.

Question 4. 
Mention the names of two major groups of nobles of later Mughal period. 
Answer: 
The nobles were divided into two groups the Iranis and the Taranis (Nobles of Turkish (descents).

Question 5. 
Who invaded Delhi in 1739?
Answer: 
The ruler of Iran, Nadir Shah invaded Delhi in 1739.

Question 6. 
Name the three states which carved out of the Mughal provinces.
Answer: 
Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.

Question 7. 
Mention the names of founders of Awadh, Bengal and Hyderabad.
Answer: 

1. Awadh-Sa’adat Khan
2. Bengal-Murshid 
3. Hyderabad-Asaf Jah.

Question 8. 
Mention the names of offices held by Sa’adat Khan.
Answer: 
Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa’adat Khan held the combined offices of Subadari, Diwani and Faujdar.

Question 9.
 What were the geographical advantages of Awadh?
Answer: 
Awadh was a prosperous region. It controlled the rich alluvial Ganga soil and the main trade route between North India and Bengal.

Question 10. 
Who are Raja Ajit Singh?
Answer: 
Raja Ajit Singh was the ruler of Jodhpur and held the governorship of Gujarat.

Question 11. 
Give the name of ruler who founded his new capital at Jaipur.
Answer: 
Sawai Raja Jai Singh founded his new capital at Jaipur.

 

Question 12.
What was ‘Rakhi system?
Answer: 
Rakhi system1'was introduced by the Sikhs. This offered protection to cultivators on the payment of a tax of 20 percent of the produce.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Illustrate some reasons responsible for influential position of moneylenders and bankers in Awadh.
Answer: 
The state was dependent on taxes and land revenue. The revenue collection rights were often granted to the highest bidders. The local bankers and moneylenders gave loans to the state. Revenue farmers (Ijaradars) agreed to pay the state a fixed sum of money. This payment was guaranteed by the local bankers. Revenue farmers were given considerable freedom in the assessment and collection of taxes. This development allowed a new class of moneylenders and bankers to emerge who influenced the policies of the state and became powerful.

Question 2. 
Write the. steps taken by Murshid Quli Khan to strengthen his position. 
Answer:

1. He controlled the over all local resources and revenue administration of the state.
2. He transferred all the Mughal jagirdars to Orissa.
3. He ordered complete reassessment of the revenues of Bengal.
4. Revenue was collected in cash with great strictness from all zamindars.

Question 3. 
Write a short note on Murshid Quli Khan.
Answer: 
Bengal broke away from the Mughal control under Murshid Quli Khan. He was appointed as a Naib, deputy to the governor of the province. He was never a sifbadar but he seized all the powers in his hands. He controlled local resources and revenue administration of the state. To reduce the Mughals influence, he transferred all Mughals jagirdars to Orissa. He ordered complete reassessment of the revenues of Bengal. The zamindars were forced to borrow money from bankers and moneylenders.Those unable to pay were forced to sell land to larger zamindars. Due to these measures, he got a powerful position in Bengal.

Question 4. 
Who was Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa’adat Khan? Enumerate the steps taken by Sa’adat Khan to reduce the influence of Mughals.
Answer: 
Burhan-ul-Mulk Sa’adat Khan was appointed as the subadar of Awadh in 1722. Later on, 'he carved out an independent state of Awadh from the Mughal Empire. He tried to reduce the influence of the Mughals in Awadh by:

1. Reducing the number of office holders \jagirdars] appointed by the Mughals.
2. Reducing the size of Jagirs.
3. Appointing officials who were loyal to him as jagirdars.
4. Checking their accounts regularly.
5. Reassessing the revenue of all states by officials appointed by the Nawab’s court.
6. Seizing the lands of Rajput zamindars and the agricultural fertile lands of the AfghAnswer:

Question 5. 
Describe how did Nizam-ul- Mulk become the actual ruler of the Deccan.
Answer: 
Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf Jah was one of the most powerful members at the court  
of the Mughal emperor, Farrukh Siyar. He was the governor of Awadh and Deccan provinces. Hence, he had gained control over the political and financial administration of the Deccan area. He adopted some policies to strengthen his position, such as he appointed mansabdars and granted jagirs to them. The mansabdars worked independently. Then taking advantage of disturbance in the Deccan area, Asaf Jah took the political command in his hand.

Question 6. 
The state of Hyderabad was constantly engaged in a struggle.” Why?
Answer: 
The state of Hyderabad was constantly engaged in a struggle because:

1. Struggle was against the Marathas in the west and with independent Telugu warrior chief of the plateau.
2. Asaf Jah wanted to control the rich textile producing areas of the Coromandel coast in the east. 
3. Asaf Jah was checked by the British who were becoming powerful on east side.

Question 7. 
Give an account of the Maratha kingdom.
Answer:
The Maratha kingdom was founded by Shivaji. He carved out Maratha kingdom with the help of warrior families (Deshmukh's). Shivaji organized peasant pastoralists and they proved backbone of the Maratha army. He challenged the Mughals in peninsula with the help of these forces. After the death of Shivaji, the effective power of the Maratha territories was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas. They served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwas. Poona became the capital of the Maratha kingdom. 

Question 8. 
Explain the term ‘Dal Khalsa’.
Answer: In the 18th century Jathas and misls were formed. Their combined forces were known as dal khalsa or we can say they were united under a grand army called dal Khalsa. They used to meet at Amritsar at the time of Baisakhi and Diwali. At this meeting, collective decisions were taken. These decisions were known as “ resolutions of the Guru (gurmatas)”.

Question 9. 
Describe the striking features of Marathas administration.
Answer: 
The Marathas developed an effective administration system. They had adopted the system of administration from Shivaji. Once the conquest had been completed and Maratha rule was secure, revenue demands were introduced according to the local conditions. It shows that land revenue was the main source of income but it was not fixed. Agriculture was encouraged, trade revived. Two types of taxes were levied in the entire region:

1. Chauth-It was one fourth of revenue paid by the territories which were not under their direct control, they had to pay Chauth.
2. Sardeshmukhi-It was 9-10 percent of the land revenue which was collected by Marathas by their own territories.

Question 10. 
The areas controlled by Marathas developed into new trade routes.” Explain why?
Answer: 
The areas controlled by Marathas also developed as trade routes because the silk produced in the Chanderi region found a new outlet in Poona, the Maratha capital. Burhanpur also expanded to its hinterland to include Poona and Nagpur in the South Lucknow and Allahabad in the east.

Question 11. 
Who were Jats?
Answer: 
The Jats were a class of peasantry. They lived around the regions of Delhi, Agra and Mathura.

 

Question 12. 
Write a short note on Jats architectural.
Answer: 
The Jats were excellent builders: Bharatpur fort was built by them in a traditional style. A garden palace was also built at Dig. It had the styles of Amber and Agra. Their buildings were modelled on architectural forms first associated with royalty under Shah Jahan.

Question 13. 
How did Jats consolidated their power? 
Answer: 
The Jats consolidated their power during the late'seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Under their leader Churaman, they controlled over territories situated to the west of the city of Delhi. By 1680, they had begun dominating the region between the two imperial cities of Delhi and Agra. They also controlled the city of Agra. The Jats became a powerful community.

Question 14.
Awadh, Hyderabad and Bengal rose independently but there were some common features of their independence^. Explain their common features.
Answer: 
The common features of these states were as follows:

1. Noble-Many of the larger states were established by formal Mughal nobles. They were highly suspicious of some of the administrative systems which they inherited such as thejagirdari system.
2. Ijaradari-TheNawab’s in Bengal, Awadh and Hyderabad contracted with the revenue farmers for the collection of the revenue. They did not appoint tax collectors but reintroduced ijaradari system which was disapproved by the Mughals.
3. Rise of bankers and money-lenders-These people lent money to farmers, received land as security and collected taxes from these lands through their own agents. So, bankers and moneylenders gained more stakes in new political system.

Long Answer Type Questions 

Question 1. 
Find out more ^bout the architecture and culture associated with the new courts of any of the following Awadh, Bengal or Hyderabad.
Answer: 
Architecture and culture reached at its height under the Awadh rule. Thumri, Dadra, Ghazals, etc. gained great importance. The legacy of the exquisite embroidery is even present today. Culinary skills, also reached heights of excellence. Fusion of two styles can be seen in the architecture of Awadh i.e. the oriental style and the Islamic style. Few monuments which are tourist attractions algo include:
(i) Bara Imambara built in tibe year 1784 by the Nawab Asaf-ud-Daula, 

(ii) .Sa’adat Ali’s Tomh,the twin
Maqbaras of Sa’adat Ali’s. Khan and Khurshid Zadi, near Begum Hazrat Park, are one of the best examples of Awadh: architecture.

(iii) Rumi Darwaja: The Rumi Darwaja leads to the outer section of the Bara Imambara and is widely believed to be a facsimile of one of the gates of Constantinople. Also known as the Turkish cateway, it is a brilliant example of Awadh architecture.

(iv) Jama Masjid: The construction of this mosque was started in 1840 by Mohammad Ali Shah but it was finally completed by his wife Begum Malika Jahan after his death. This splendid mosque built in the typical Mughal style lies to the west of Hussain Imambara.

(v) Moti Mahal: There are three beautiful buildings on the fringes of the Gomti. The main one is the Moti Mahal or the Pearl Palace constructed by Nawab Sa’adat Ali Khan.

(vi) The other two include Mubarak Manzil and the Surah Manzil. They were mainly constructed for the Nawab and his courtiers to watch animal combats from the balconies of the buildings.

Question 2. 
List the major causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire.
Answer: 
The major causes of the decline of the Mughal Empire are as follows:
(i) Aurangzeb’s Deccan wars- Aurangzeb’s Deccan policy proved to be very harmful for the Empire. He was busy in the wars with Deccan. It depleted the military and financial resources of the Empire.

(ii) Weak Successors-Aurangzeb’s successors were weak and insufficient administrators. They were unable to keep a check on powerful mansabdars, local chieftain’s nobles who were appointed as governor controlled the revenue and military administration of the empire. Governors became very powerful and the revenue of the Mughal empire declined.

(iii) Revolts hy the peasants- Peasants and zamindars revolted against the pressure of mounted taxes. They were also indueed by chieftains to consolidate their own position.

(iv) Nadir Shah Invasions-Nadir Shah invaded Delhi 1739. He looted a huge amount of wealth. This invasion was followed by the invasions of the Afghan
rulers Ahmad Shah Abdali. This was a huge blow on the Mughal Empire.

(v) Competition among nobles-The Mughal Empire became weak due to competition in different groups of Nobles. Nobles were divided into two groups the Iranis and Turanis. The later Mughals were puppets in the hands of either one or the other of these two powerful groups.

Question 3. 
Tell the story of establishment of Maratha kingdom and expansion of its empire.
Answer:
Maratha kingdom: The process of establishing and expanding the Maratha kingdom is described under the following points:
1. Establishment of Maratha kingdom by Shivaji: Shivaji (1627-1680) carved-out a stable kingdom with the support of powerful warrior families (deshmukhs). Shivaji often used guerrilla warfare against his opponents. With the help of revenue collection system based on Chauth and Sardeshmukh, he laid the foundation of a strong Maratha kingdom.

2. Peshwa Services and Pune Rtydhani: After Shivaji’s death, effective power in the Maratha state was wielded by a family of Chitpavan Brahmanas who served Shivaji’s successors as Peshwa (or principal minister). Poona became the capital of the Maratha kingdom.

3. Development of a successful military organisation: Under the Peshwas, the Marathas developed a very successful military organization. Their success lay in bypassing the fortified areas of the Mughals, by raiding cities and by engaging Mughal armies in areas whefe their supply lines and reinforcements could be easily disturbed.

4. Maratha Empire expanded into South India: Between 1720 and 1761, the Maratha empire expanded. It gradually chipped away at the authority of the Mughal Empire. Malwa and Gujarat were seized from the Mughals by the 1720. By the 1730s, the Maratha king was recognised as the overlord of the entire Deccan peninsula. He possessed the right to levy Chauth and sardeshmukhi in the entire region.

5. Empire expansion into Other regions: After raiding Delhi in 1737 the frontiers of Maratha domination expanded rapidly: into Rajasthan and the Punjab in the north; into Bengal and Orissa in the east; and into Karnataka and the Tamil and Telugu countries in the south.

6. The fall of the Maratha Empire: The Marathas were defeated in the third battle of Panipat in 1761. This gave a big shock to the Maratha Empire and after that gradually the Maratha Empire scattered.

 

Question 4. 
Describe the economic progress made in Maratha rule.
Answer: 
Economic progress in Maratha rule:
The economic system and progress of Maratha rule can be explained as follows:
1. Once conquest had been completed and Maratha rule was secure, revenue demands were gradually introduced taking local conditions into account.

2. Agriculture was encouraged and trade revived. This allowed Maratha chiefs (sardars) like Sindhia of Gwalior, Gaekwad of Baroda and Bhonsle of Nagpur the resources to raise powerful armies. Ujjain expanded upder Sindhia’s patronage and Indore under Holkar’s. 

3. Ujjain and Indore cities in the Maratha Empire were large and prosperous and functioned as important commercial and cultural centres.

4. New trade routes emerged within the areas controlled by the Marathas. The silk produced inthe Chanderi region now found a new outlet in Poona, the Maratha capital. Burhanpur which had earlier participated in the trade between Agra and Surat now expanded" its hinterland to include Poona and Nagpur in the south and Lucknow and AUahabad'ih the east.