RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 12 Mineral Nutrition

These comprehensive RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 12 Mineral Nutrition will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 12 Notes Mineral Nutrition

→ Plants fulfil their requirement of inorganic substances (minerals) from soil such type of nutrition is called mineral nutrition.

→ Plants absorb different types of mineral elements. All these absorbed minerals are not obligatary essential.

→ Only 21 elements out of 110 discovered elements, are essential and useful for common growth and development of plants.
 
→ Macronutrients: They are the elements whose requir-ement is in much quantity to plants e.g., C, H, O, N, P, K, S, Na, Mg, Fe.

→ Micronutrients: They are the elements whose requirement is in a little amount to plants, e.g., Cu, Zn, B, Mo, CO, Ni, Se, Cl etc.

→ Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus and magnesium are structural elements, sis Co, Fe, Mn, Cu etc., are catalytic elements, sis K, B, Mo, Ca etc., are called critical essential elements. 

→ There deficiency symptoms can arise by the deficiency of any essential element. The deficiency related symptoms includes chlorosis, necrosis, retarted growth, irregular cell division etc. 

→ Plants absorb various minerals by active or passive absorption method. These are carried into different parts of the plants by the xylem stream.

→ Nitrogen is must essential element of life.

→ Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are basic components of all biological molecules.

→ Organic substances are formed only by living cells.

→ The plants cannot utilize atmospheric nitrogen directly but some plant roots mainly of legumes fix atmospheric nitrogen with the help of symbiotic bacteria.

→ The minerals in plants perform various functions: such as-body building, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, catalysis, acidic and buffer effect etc.

→ Plants grown in soil-less medium is called hydroponics.

→ Nitrogen is component of cellular substances such as nitrogen, amino acid, purines, pyrimidines, ATP, proteins, enzymes, co-enzymes, cytochromes, chlorophyll, RNA, DNA, phytohormones, vitamines, etc.

→ Phosphorus is component of nucleotides, RNA, DNA, phospholipids, NADP, NAD, ATP, nucleoproteins and some co-enzymes.

→ Magnesium is main component of chlorophyll.

→ When the concentration of any mineral element in soil solution becomes more than its required concentration, for plants, that concentration may be harmful to the plants. Generally excessive concentration of macronutrients is not toxic to the plants.

→ Nitrogen fixation requires a strong reducing agent and energy in the form of ATP. N2 fixation is accomplished with the help of nitrogen fixing microbes.

→ The enzymes nitrogenase which plays an important role in biological N2 fixation is very sensitive to oxygen.

→ Most of the process of nitrogen fixation occurs in anaerobic environment.

→ Ammonia produced following N₂ fixation is incorporated into amino acids as the amino group.

→ Minerals: The elements present in soil obtained from rocks are called minerals.

→ Mineral nutrition: The uptaking and utilization of mineral elements by plants is called mineral nutrition.

→ Hydroponics: A technique to grow plants in soil free medium.

→ Sand culture: A technique to grow plants in nutritional sand medium.

→ Vermiculite: A mineral, a modern culture medium for hydroponics.

→ Macro nutrients: The elements which are found in much quantity in dry weight of plants.

→ Micro nutrients: The elements which are found in a little amount in dry weight of plants.

→ Chlorosis: A deficiency disease of plant in which leaves become yellow in colour.

→ Nitrogen fixation: The process of converting atmospheric nitrogen to molecular nitrogen.

→ Leg haemoglobin: A red pigment found in root nodules in roots of leguminous plants.

→ Denitrification: Break of nitrogenous compounds into free molecular nitrogen is called denitrification.

→ Ammonification:    Degradation of nitrogenous compound of dead organic substances into ammonia is called ammonification.

→ Metabolism: The combined form of synthesizing and degradation process.