RBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions Chapter 1 The Living World

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 Biology Important Questions Chapter 1 The Living World Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 1 Important Questions The Living World

Multiple Choice Type Questions

Question 1.    
Nomenclature is governed by certain universal rules. Which one of the following is contrary to the rules of nomenclature?
(a) The first word in a biological name represents the genus name and the second is a specific epithet.
(b) The names are written in Latin and are italicised.
(c) When written by hand, the names are to be underlined.
(d) Biological names can be written in any language.
Answer:
(d) Biological names can be written in any language.

Question 2.    
The label of a herbarium sheet does not carry information on
(a) date of collection    
(b) nature of collector
(c) local names    
(d) height of the plant
Answer:
(d) height of the plant

Question 3.    
Study of four statements (I - IV) given below and select the two correct ones out of them:
I. definition of biological species was given by Ernst Mayr.
II. photoperiod does not affect reproduction in plants.
III. binomial nomenclature system was given by RH Whitaker.
IV. in unicellular organisms, reproduction is synonymous with growth.
The two correct statements are:
(a) II and III    
(b) III and IV
(c) I and IV    
(d) I and II
Answer:
(c) I and IV

Question 4.    
Biological organisation starts with:
(a) Submicroscopic molecular level
(b) Cellular level
(c) Organismic level
(d) Atomic level
Answer:
(a) Submicroscopic molecular level

Question 5.    
The living organisms can be un - exceptionally distinguished from the non - living things on the basis of their ability for:
(a) responsiveness to touch
(b) interaction with the environment and progressive evolution
(c) reproduction
(d) growth and movement
Answer:
(b) interaction with the environment and progressive evolution

Question 6.    
Which one of the following is an example of negative feed back loop in humans
(a) constriction of skin blood vessels and contraction of skeletal muscles when it is too cold.
(b) secretion of tears after falling of sand particles into the eye.
(c) salivation of mouth at the sight of delicious food.
(d) secretion of sweat glands and constriction of skin blood vessels when it is too hot.
Answer:
(a) constriction of skin blood vessels and contraction of skeletal muscles when it is too cold.

Question 7.    
Carbohydrates the most abundant biomolecules on earth are produced by:
(a) all bacteria, fungi and algae
(b) fungi, algae and green plant cells
(c) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells
(d) viruses, fungi and bacteria
Answer:
(c) some bacteria, algae and green plant cells

Question 8.    
More than 70% of world’s fresh water is contained in:
(a) Antarctica
(b) Greenland
(c) Glaciers and mountains
(d) Polar ice
Answer:
(d) Polar ice

Question 9.
There is no life on moon due to the absence of:    
(a) O₂    
(b) water
(c) light    
(d) temperature
Answer:
(b) water

Question 10.    
Reason of diversity in living being is:
(a) mountain
(b) gradual change
(c) long term evolutionary change
(d) short term evolutionary change
Answer:
(c) long term evolutionary change

Question 11.    
First life on earth was:
(a) Cyanobacteria    
(b) Chemoheterotrophs
(c) Autotrophs    
(d) Photo autotrophs
Answer:
(b) Chemoheterotrophs

Question 12.    
Relative biological effectiveness (RBE) is usually refered to damages caused by:
(a) low temperature    
(b) high temperature
(c) encephalitis    
(d) radiation
Answer:
(d) radiation

Question 13.    
The most important feature of all living systems is to:
(a) utilise oxygen to generate energy
(b) replicate the genetic information
(c) produce gametes
(d) utilise solar energy for metabolic activities
Answer:
(b) replicate the genetic information

Question 14.    
Pedology is science of:
(a) earth    
(b) soil
(c) disease    
(d) pollution
Answer:
(b) soil

Question 15.    
Homeostasis is:
(a) tendency to change with change in environment
(b) tendency of resist change
(c) disturbance in regulatory control
(d) plants and animals extracts used in homeopathy
Answer:
(b) tendency of resist change

Question 16.    
Employment of hereditary principles in the improvement of human race is:
(a) euthenics    
(b) eugenics
(c) euphenics    
(d) ethnology
Answer:
(d) ethnology

Question 17.     
Which is not an adaptation?
(a) Hibernation    
(b) Cell division
(c) Phototropism    
(d) Geotropism
Answer:
(b) Cell division

Question 18.    
Animals not possessing a fixed temperature are called:
(a) homeotherms    
(b) stenotherms
(c) poikilotherms    
(d) heterotherms
Answer:
(c) poikilotherms

Question 19.    
Mimicry is meant for:
(a) concealment    
(b) offence
(c) defence    
(d) both (b) and (c)
Answer:
(a) concealment    

Question 20.    
Highest level of biological and ecological organism is:
(a) biome    
(b) ecosystem
(c) landscape    
(d) biosphere
Answer:
(d) biosphere

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 1. 
Give the full name of ICZN.
Answer:
International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. 

Question 2. 
Write the names of main taxa.
Answer:
Kingdom, Phylum,Class, Order, Family, Genus and Species.

Question 3. 
Who classified animals first?
Answer:
Aristotle.

Question 4. 
Who purposed binomial system of classification?
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 5. 
Who is called father of taxonomy?
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus.

Question 6. 
Define systematics?
Answer:
Arrangement of animals and plants into an appropriate system is called systematics.

Question 7. 
What is taxonomy?
Answer:
Rules of classification is called taxonomy.

Question 8. 
Name the three main system of classification? 
Answer:
Artificial, Natural and Phylogenetic classification. 

Question 9. 
Who used the term taxonomy first?
Answer:
De Candole in 1813.

Question 10. 
What is called the relationship between comparable characters?
Answer:
Homology.

Question 11. 
Write the full name of NBRI.
Answer:
National Botanical Research Institute.

Question 12. 
Write the full name of ICBN.
Answer:
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature. 

Question 13. 
Name any two books written by Linnaeus. 
Answer:
Species Plantarum, Systema Naturae.

Question 14. 
Mention one objective of classification.
Answer:
Identification and nomenclature of organisms. 

Question 15. 
Why the scientific names are derived from Latin or are Latinized?
Answer:
Latin is a dead language, therefore there is little likelihood of changes in meaning and spelling of names with time.

Question 16. 
What is a polytypic genus? Give one example. 
Answer:
A genus containing more than one species is called polytypic genus. For example Panthera, Equus.

Question 17. 
How many zoological parks are there in India?
Answer:
Over 300.

Question 18. 
Name the four main categories of zoos.
Answer:
Large, medium, small and mini.

Question 19. 
Where was the first zoological museum started in India?
Answer:
Kolkata.

Question 20. 
Does a zoological display animate or inanimate objects?
Answer:
Inanimate objects.

Question 21. 
Who is called father of botany?
Answer:
Theophrastus.

Short Answer Type Questions - I

Question 1. 
Linnaeus is considered as father of taxonomy. Name two other botanists known for their contribution to the field of taxonomy. 
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus (1707 - 1778) a Swedish botanist is regarded as father of plant taxonomy. He published his work in book Genera Plantarum in (1737). Other two botanists are G. Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker. Both are famous for their work on classification of plants based on natural characteristics.

Question 2. 
Name three fields of systematic.
Answer:
Nomenclature, classification and taxonomy.

Question 3. 
Give the appropriate number of living animals and plant species.
Answer:
About 1.2 million animal species and about 0.5 million plant species.

Question 4. 
What is a monograph?
Answer:
Monograph is a specialist work of writing or information on a particular taxon i. e., family or genus or on aspect of subject usually for a single author. Main purpose of monograph is to present primary research and original work and thus is non - serial publication, complete in one book (volume) of a finite number of volumes.

Question 5. 
Couplet in taxonomic key means.
Answer:
Couplet is a pair of contrasting characters used as tool for identification key to help in identification of newly discovered organism.

Question 6. 
Amoeba multiplies by mitotic cell division. Is this phenomena growth or reproduction? Explain. 
Answer:
Amoeba multiplies by simple mitotic cell divisons giving rise to two daughter Amoebae here the growth is synchronous with reproduction i.e., increase in number. 

Question 7. 
Define metabolism.
Answer:
Metabolism is total sum of all biological reactions occuring in any living cell which are absolutely controlled by enzymes i.e., biocatalysis. These reactions can be classified into anabolism and catobolism.

Question 8. 
Which is the largest ‘Botanical Garden’ in the world? Name a few well known Botanical Gardens in India.
Answer:
The largest ‘Botanical Garden’ in the world is “Royal Botanical Garden”, Kew, London. The famous well known botanical garden in India are:

• Indian Botanical Garden in Shibpur, Kolkata.
• Lloyd Botanical Garden, Darjeeling.
• Botanical Garden of FRI, Dehradun (UK).
• National Botanical Garden, Lucknow.

Question 9. 
What is speciation?
Answer:
Formation of a new species from an existing one by the appearance of mutation is called speciation.
 
Question 10. 
Who is regarded as father of taxonomy and why?
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus is regarded as father of taxonomy because he devised a scheme of naming the organisms and gave a plan of classification which is still used with a few additions.

Question 11. 
Why are the species considered dynamic groups?
Answer:
Sexual reproduction a key point in the definition of a species may produce offspring different from parents due to mutations. This may change the species with time. Therefore, species are considered as dynamic groups.

Short Answer Type Questions - II

Question 1. 
International code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) has provided a code of classification of plants. Give hierarchy of units of classification botanists follow while classifying plants and mention different ‘suffixes’ used for the units.

Answer:
ICBN has specified certain rules and principles in order to facilitate the study of plants by botanists. It helps in correct positioning of any newly discovered organism through proper identification and nomenclature. The taxonomic hierarchy which is used while classifying any plant is given below:
Kingdom: Plantae 
Division: Phyta 
Class: ac 
Order: ales 
Family: eac/ceae 
Genus: (Italics)
Species: (Italics)

Question 2. 
Give the classification of man, mentioning atleast one feature of each category.
Answer:
Classification of man:
Kingdom: Animalia - Multicellular, heterotrophic, often motile organism with out cell wall.
Subkingdom: Eumetazoa - Digestive tract, organ systems present.
Phylum: Chordata - Notochord and visual pouches in embryo, dorsal hallow brain and nervecord throughout life.
Subphylum: Vertebrata (Craniata) - Segmented verberal column around the spinal chord and cranium around the brain.
Section: Gnathostomata - Mouth supported by jaws. 
Superclass: Tetrapoda - Four pentadactyl limbs. 
Class: Mammalia - Hair, pinnae, mammary glands, vivipary.
Subclass: Theria - Young ones born alive, feed on milk. 
Order: Primates - Nails over digits, vision acute, power of smell poor.
Suborder: Anthropoidea - Rounded head, facial muscles for emotional expression.
Family: Hominidae - Erect posture, flat face, bipedal gaint, binocular vision, arms shorter than legs.
Genus: Homo - Large brain, speech, long childhood. 
Species: H. sapiens - High forehead, prominent chin, body hair reduced.

Question 3. 
Give a brief history of zoological parks or museums.
Answer:
An enclosed place where live wild animals are kept for public exhibition is called zoological park, it is also called zoological garden or simply a zoo.
Zoological parks are the places where wild animals are kept in protected environments under human care and which enable us to learn about their food habits and behaviour. All animals in park are provided, as far as possible the conditions similar to their natural habitats.

Question 4. 
A plant may have different names in different regions or the country of world. How do botanists solve this problem?
Answer:
here is a need to standardise the naming of living organisms such that a particular organism is known by the same name all over the world. Botanists have solved this problem by setting international code for Botanical nomenclature (ICBN).
Scientific naming ensures that each organism has only single name in any part of the world. ICBN ensures that such name has not been used for any other organism. Each name consists of the generic name and the specific epithet. Such type of naming is known as binomial naming given by Carolus Linnaeus e.g., potato is known as Solanum tuberosum and mango has the scientific name Mangifera indica.

Question 5. 
Brinjal and potato belong to the same genus solanum, but to, two different species. What defines them as seperate species?
Answer:
Solanum is the largest genus of flowering plants which includes economically important plants e.g., potato, tobacco and brinjal. All these plants show same common morphological features related to vegetative and reproductive similarities. Therefore they have the same common name of genus Solanum.

Question 6. 
The number and kinds of organism is not constant. How do you explain this statement?
Answer:
The number and kind of organism is not constant because of the following reasons. Mechanisms adding new organisms by:
(i) Sexual reproduction
(ii) Mutation
(iii) Evolution.
Mechanism reducing the number of organisms are:
(i) Environmental threats
(ii) Loss of habitat
(iii) Anthropogenic activities

Question 7. 
Mention two differences between taxonomy and systematics.
Answer:
Taxonomy and classification both words are also used as synonyms. There are following differences between taxonomy and systematics

Taxonomy	Systematics
1. It is the branch of science which deals	1. It is the system of science in which we study the diversity of organisms and interrelationships among them.
2. It is related to the rules and theories of classification.	2. It represents differentiating properties at each levels of classification.

Question 8. 
Mention the advantages of scientific names.
Answer:
The advantages of scientific names are as follows:

1. All living organisms irrespective of their utility have been provided with scientific names. An organispi without a name cannot be classified.
2. A newly discovered animal, plant or microorganism can be described and named.
3. Each organism is given a single scientific name. This not only minimises the number of names one is required to learn in biology but also eliminates the likely confusion of multiple naming.
4. An incorrect name can be easily set right.
5. The scientific names are universal being used all over world irrespective of the language of the people.
6. The scientific names indicates relationship of the species with others placed in the same genus, e.g., dog, wolf and jackal have the same generic name canis.
7. The scientific names are often descriptive, indicating some important characteristics of the organism.
8. The scientific names are derived from Latin or Greek which are dead languages. Hence, there is less possibility of change in the meaning of there words.

Question 9. 
What is the differences between flora, fauna and vegetation? Eichhornia crassipes is called as an exotic species, while Rauwolfia serpentina to an endemic species in India. What do these terms exotic and indemic refer to?
Answer:
Differences between flora, fauna and vegetation

Flora	Fauna	Vegetation
Flora is a plant life occuring in a particular area or time. Which is generally the naturaly occurring indigenous native plant life.	Fauna is the total number of animals found in a particular area at particular time.	It refers to the plant forms of region. It is broad and general term used for various plant forms, which does not include particular taxa or any botanical characteristics.

The terms exotic and endemic refers to:
1. Exotic Species: Any species of a plant living in any other place except its native place is said to be exotic species. For example, Eichhornia crassipes is the native of Amazonian basin but it was introduced in India. Therefore, it is a exotic species in India.
2. Endemic Species: They are restricted to a particular area e.g., Rouwolfia serpentina is found only in India. Therefore, it is an endemic species found only in India.

Question 10. 
Describe the role of botanical gardens. Mention any two botanical gardens in India.
Answer:
The botanical gardens play the following important role:

1. A large number of people visit the garden to enjoy aesthetic appeal and for recreation.
2. Botanical gardens provide a ready material for botanical research as they grow a wide range of plant species.
3. Botanical gardens play an important role in the conservation of endangered plant species and genetic diversity.
4. Botanical gardens help the people in identifying the native and exotic plant species.
5. Botanical gardens demonstrate methods of propagating plants.
6. Botanical gardens improve the environment, provide pleasant greenery in big cities, purify the air and serve a habitate for many animals.

 
Question 11. 
Write short notes on rules for scientific naming.
Answer:
According to above codes the rules and guidelines for scientific names are as follows:

1. Each organism is to be given a single scientific name ojf binomial system. Species having subspecies, varities or races are given a trinomial name.
2. Biological names are generally in latin and written in italics. They are latinised or derived from latin irrespective of their origin.
3. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
4. Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined or printed in italics to indicate their latin origin.
5. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica.
6. The name of author, full or abbreviated, should follow the generic or specific name in technical description. Author’s name is not italicised e.g., Mangifera indica Linn. (Linn stands for Linnaeus). Author of a specific name is one who first publishes the name along with description of organism.
7. The names of the divisions above the genus are not printed in italics. 
8. Two species belonging to the same genus cannot have the same specific name.
9. When a name is changed due to certain reasons the original author’s name is given in parenthesis.
10. Name of an animal family is formed by adding idae to the stem of the name of type genus and the name of a subfamily by adding inae.

Question 12. 
Write short notes on monophyletic and polyphyletic taxa.
Answer:
Monophyletic and polyphyletic taxa: A taxon that includes a common ancestral species and all the species descended from it is called monophyletic taxa or a clade. Many taxa in use today include organisms involved from many sources but not their common ancestor, if any such taxa are said to be polyphyletic taxa. The taxon mammalia is polyphyletic. In theory taxonomy reflects phylogeny. Actually, however many taxa are based on morphology and are polyphyletic. 

Question 13. 
Write short notes on role of herbaria?
Answer:
The main roles played by herbaria are as follows:

1. The primary role of herbaria is to prepare pressed, dried plants, store them in cabinet, protect them from attacks by fungi and insects, and store them for study.
2. Type specimens on the description of which the species names are established are kept in safe rooms with limited access.
3. Knowledge of plant taxonomy and distribution is joined from herbarium specimens.
4. Herbaria provide a facility for identification of plant specimens on site as well as by post.
5. Now - a - days the herbaria provide information on endangered species.
6. Many herbaria have arrangements for training the interested persons in herbarium practices - collection, pressing, drying, mounting, labelling, storing and protecting plant specimens.

Question 14. 
Mention precautions to be observed while in the museum.
Answer:
Precautions to be observed while in the museum:

1. Do not touch or displace any exhibit.
2. Do not make a noise to avoid disturbance to other visitors.
3. Examine each exhibit carefully but do not take too long as others also have see to it.
4. Make notes of the exhibits you think are important and you are likely to forget them.
5. If you need additional information about any exhibit, you can consult the security person present in the room. 

 
Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
What is meant by living? Give any four defining features of life forms.
Answer:
The living organism exhibit distinctive characteristics, which are as follows:
1. Growth: All living organisms grow in size as well as in number. Plants show growth all through their life whereas animals up to a certain growth period after which growth ceases.

2. Reproduction: The process of reproduction is essential for the continuity of life on earth. Every organism whether unicelluar or multicellular gives rise to an individual of its own kind. Lower organisms usually reproduce asexually, e.g., Hydra, fungi, yeast, etc. Sexual reproduction is found in advanced group of organisms, which involves two parents. In Amoeba growth and reproduction however is synonymous.

3. Metabolism: There are thousands of enzymatically controlled reactions occurring in all living cells. These are synthesising (anabolic) and breaking down (catabolic) reactions. Hence, it is the most important characteristic of living organisms.

4. Response to stimuli Consciousness and response to stimulus is the defining property of all living organisms. Plants respond to light, water temperature. Unicellular organisms also sense their environment and respond accordingly.

Question 2. 
Brassica compastris Linn.
(a) Give the common name of the plant.
(b) What do the first two parts of the name denote?
(c) Why are they written in italics?
(d) What is the meaning of Linn written at the end on the name?
Answer:
(a) Mustard.
(b) The first part of the name denotes the generic name and the second part is the species name of the plant.
(c) According to ICBN all scientific names are comprised of one generic name followed by a species name which have to be written in italics always.
(d) Linn means Linnaeus was the first to discover the plant.

Question 3. 
What are the taxonomical aids? Give the importance of herbaria and museums. How are botanical gardens and zoological parks useful in conserving biodiversity?
Answer:
Taxonomical aids: Taxonomical studies of various organisms such as identification, nomenclature and their placement in taxonomical hierarchy are useful in agriculture, forestry, industry and in general in knowing our bioresources and their diversity. Identification of species and their taxonomical details can be obtained by laboratory as well as field studies. The information gathered about the species is stored along with the specimens. In some cases the specimen is preserved for future studies. Herbaria, botanical gardens, museums, zoological parks etc., are several aids which help in taxonomic studies. Some important taxonomic aids are discussed below.
Importance of Bacteria: According to above codes the rules and guidelines for scientific names are as follows:

1. Each organism is to be given a single scientific name ojf binomial system. Species having subspecies, varities or races are given a trinomial name.
2. Biological names are generally in latin and written in italics. They are latinised or derived from latin irrespective of their origin.
3. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
4. Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined or printed in italics to indicate their latin origin.
5. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica.
6. The name of author, full or abbreviated, should follow the generic or specific name in technical description. Author’s name is not italicised e.g., Mangifera indica Linn. (Linn stands for Linnaeus). Author of a specific name is one who first publishes the name along with description of organism.
7. The names of the divisions above the genus are not printed in italics. 
8. Two species belonging to the same genus cannot have the same specific name.
9. When a name is changed due to certain reasons the original author’s name is given in parenthesis.
10. Name of an animal family is formed by adding idae to the stem of the name of type genus and the name of a subfamily by adding inae.

Importance of Museums:
(i) Providing natural environment and open space to animals i.e., wild life animals.
(ii) Keeping them safe from their predators ensuring protection food and shelter.
(iii) Providing home to different native and exotic wild animals.
(iv) Involving in the rescue of endangered species.
(v) Facilitating breeding of animals and releasing them free.

Question 4. 
Write a brief account on rules for scientific naming.
Answer:
According to above codes the rules and guidelines for scientific names are as follows:

1. Each organism is to be given a single scientific name ojf binomial system. Species having subspecies, varities or races are given a trinomial name.
2. Biological names are generally in latin and written in italics. They are latinised or derived from latin irrespective of their origin.
3. The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.
4. Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten are separately underlined or printed in italics to indicate their latin origin.
5. The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. It can be illustrated with the example of Mangifera indica.
6. The name of author, full or abbreviated, should follow the generic or specific name in technical description. Author’s name is not italicised e.g., Mangifera indica Linn. (Linn stands for Linnaeus). Author of a specific name is one who first publishes the name along with description of organism.
7. The names of the divisions above the genus are not printed in italics. 
8. Two species belonging to the same genus cannot have the same specific name.
9. When a name is changed due to certain reasons the original author’s name is given in parenthesis.
10. Name of an animal family is formed by adding idae to the stem of the name of type genus and the name of a subfamily by adding inae.

Question 5. 
What is the role of keys in taxonomy? Illustrate with examples.
Answer:
The term key refers to a set of alternate characters in such a manner that helps in the identification of plants and animals by selecting and eliminating the characters according to their presence or absence in the organism under study. There is a species key for the identification of species in a genus, a genus key for the indentification of genera in a family and soon. These keys are based on the contrasting characters generally in a pair called couplet. It represents the choice made between two opposite options. This results in acceptance of only one and rejection of the other. Each element in a key is called a lead, keys are generally analytical in nature. Flora, manuals, monographs and catalogues are some other means of recording descriptions. They also help in correct identification of organisms. Flora contains the actual account of habitat and distribution of plants of a given area. These provide the index to the plant species found in a particular area. Manuals are useful in providing information for identification of names of species found in an area : Monographs contain information on any one taxon.

Question 6. 
What do you understand by herbarium? Explain the various steps involved in preparing a herbarium specimen.
Answer:
Herbarium: It is a collection of pressed, dried and preserved plants mounted on paper sheets, properly labelled, systematically arranged and available for reference or study. For preservation of plant material on a herbarium sheet the following tools and steps are required to be followed: 
Tools: Digger and pruning knife, sickle with long handle, vasculum, polythene bags, magazines or news paper, blotting papers, plant press field note book, herbarium sheets, glue, labels, small transparent polythene bags.
The preparation of a herbarium specimen required following steps:

• Collection of plant or plant parts.
• Pressing: It involves the spreading and pressing of collected specimen over a news paper or magazine so as to preserve its all parts.
• Diying: It involves the drying the specimen between the folds of newspaper or magazines.
• Poisoning: Antifungal and pesticidal treatment of the dried specimen is called poisoning of specimen.
• Mounting: it involves mounting of the specimen over a herbarium sheet.
• Labelling and identification of the dried specimen are the last steps while preparing a herbarium sheet.

Tools / equipment required for the collection of herbarium specimens are given below:

• A container of tin or aluminium of 50 x 30 x 15 cm size.
• Collection bags (plastic or polythene bags).
• Digger for digging roots.
• Magnifying lens of 10 magnification.
• Field note book, pencil etc.

A preserved specimen on the herbarium sheet may provide information about the family, genus, species, date of collection, area of collection and name of collectors etc., for taxonomic study.