RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 2 Forest and Wildlife Resources

Objective Type Questions 

Question 1. 
Which of the following is extinct type species ? 
(a) Asiatic cheetah 
(b) Nicober pigeon
(c) Asiatic elephant 
(d) Black buck 
Answer:
(a) Asiatic cheetah

Question 2. 
Which state has the largest area under permanent forests ?
(a) Punjab 
(b) Arunachal Pradesh 
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Gujarat 
Answer:
(c) Madhya Pradesh

Question 3. 
Chipko movement was launched in this area. 
(a) Himalayan region 
(b) Island area 
(c) Desert area
(d) None of the above 
Answer:
(a) Himalayan region

Question 4. 
In which state is Sariska Tiger Reserve situated ? 
(a) Uttar Pradesh 
(b) Punjab
(c) Rajasthan 
(d) Haryana 
Answer:
(c) Rajasthan 

Question 5. 
In which state is Buxa Tiger Reserve situated ? 
(a) West Bengal 
(b) Odisha
(c) Uttarakhand 
(d) Rajasthan 
Answer:
(a) West Bengal

Question 6. 
The following is an example of endemic species-
(a) Gangetic dolphin 
(b) Nicobar pigeon
(c) Asiatic cheetah 
(d) Rodents 
Answer:
(b) Nicobar pigeon

Question 7. 
What do we get from forests ? 
(a) Wood
(b) Food 
(c) Medicines 
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(d) All of the above 

Question 8. 
What type of tree is the Himalayan Yew ?
(a) Timber giver plant 
(b) Fuel giver plant 
(c) Medicinal plant
(d) Food giver plant 
Answer:
(c) Medicinal plant

Question 9. 
Which is the tiger reserve in Kerala ?
(a) Buxa Tiger Reserve 
(b) Periyar Tiger Reserve 
(c) Manas Tiger Reserve
(d) Corbett National Park 
Answer:
(b) Periyar Tiger Reserve

Question 10. 
When did Project Tiger launch in India ?
(a) In 1947 
(b) In 1952 
(c) In 1973
(d) In 1986 
Answer:
(c) In 1973

Fill in the blanks 

1. 10 per cent of India's recorded wild flora and ............ of its mammals are on the threatened list. 
2. The lion talied macaque is a ........... species.
3. .................. monoculture has damaged the natural forest in south India.
4. Bandhavgarh National Park is in the state of .......... 
5. In ............ the state of Odisha has passed the first resolution for joint forest managements.
Answer:
1. 20 per cent
2. endangered
3. Teak
4. Madhya Pradesh
5. 1988.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
What is ecosystem?
Answer:
An integrated unit consisting of the community of living organisms and the physical environment is called ecosystem.

Question 2. 
Give two examples of endangered species.
Answer:
(1) Black buck, and (2) Crocodile. 

Question 3. 
Give two examples of extinct species.
Answer:

1. Asiatic Cheetah
2. Pink headed duck.

Question 4. 
Which is the fastest land mammal in the world ?
Answer:
Cheetah

Question 5. 
Name the tree which is used for making anti-cancer drug.
Answer:
The Himalayan Yew.

Question 6. 
Name two countries which are providing homes to 2/3rd of the total population of tigers in the world.
Answer:

1. India 
2. Nepal.

Question 7. 
Name one important wildlife project in the world.
Answer:
Project Tiger.

Question 8. 
Where is Sariska Tiger Reserve located ?
Answer:
Alwar in Rajasthan.

Question 9. 
Where are the mangrove forests found ?
Answer:
In Delta areas.

Question 10. 
Name the state which took initiative for the Joint Forest Management.
Answer:
Odisha. 

Question 11. 
“India has rich flora and fauna.” Explain.
Answer:
India is one of the world's richest countries in terms of its vast biological diversity (1.6 million approx.).

Question 12. 
What are endangered species ?
Answer:
The species which are in danger of extinction are called endangered species.

Question 13. 
What is the reason for the damage inflicted on the Indian forests during the colonial period ?
Answer:
The greatest damage inflicted on Indian forest was during the colonial period due to the expansion of railway, agriculture, commercial, scientific and mining activities.

Question 14. 
Which type of plant is the Himalayan Yew and where is it found ?
Answer:
The Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant which is used for making anti-cancer drug. It is found in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 15. 
What are the causes of depletion of bio-diversity in India ?
Answer:
Habitat destruction, hunting and poaching, over-exploitation, environmental pollution, poisoning and forest fires are factors which have led to the decline in India's biodiversity.

Question 16. 
Write two effects of afforestation ?
Answer:

1. Increase in dryness in the environment.
2. Problems of increase in flood like situations.

Question 17. 
In which year was The Indian Wildlife Protection Act implemented ?
Answer:
1972.

Question 18. 
Name any two tiger reserve projects in India.
Answer:

1. Corbett National Park, Uttarakhand. 
2. Sunderban National Park, West Bengal.

Question 19. 
What are the causes of high percentage of forest area in northeastern part of India ?
Answer:

• Favourable mountain soil for plants. 
• Rainfall occurs >200 cm in this area.

Question 20. 
In which state is Nilgiri Reserved Area located in India ?
Answer:
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala.

Question 21. 
Name two Tiger Reserves which are situated in the north-east and southern parts of India.
Answer:
North-east India - Manas Tiger Project, Assam.
Southern India - Periyar Tiger Reserve, Kerala.

Question 22. 
What is the significance of Chipko movement ?
Answer:
This movement was launched by the people of Himalayas against deforestation

Question 23. 
Which types of wild animals are found in the village of Bishnoi caste in Rajasthan ?
Answer:
Black buck, Chinkara, Nilgai.

Question 24. 
Name any four states which have large percentage of reserve forests of its total
Answer:
Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand.

Question 25. 
What are unclassed forests ?
Answer:
These are forests and waste land belonging to both government and private individuals and communities.

Question 26. 
What is Joint Forest Management?
Answer:
It was a programme launched for management and restoration of degraded forests.  

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-I)

Question 1. 
Why is conservation of forest and wildlife necessary?
Answer:

• Conservation of forest and wildlife preserves the ecological diversity and our life support systems-water, air and soil.
• It also preserves the genetic diversity of plants and animals for better growth of species and breeding.

Question 2. 
Write four factors that have led to decline in biodiversity in India.
Answer:

• Habitat destruction
• Hunting
• Over exploitation
• Environmental pollution.

Question 3. 
“Forests play a key role in the ecological system.” Explain.
Answer:

• Forests are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.
• Many forest dependent communities directly depend on them for food, drinks and medicines etc.
• Forests provide us timber.
• They provide bamboo wood for fuel, fruits and flowers etc.

Question 4. 
Give two suggestions to survival of endangered species of wildlife.
Answer:

• To preserve the endangered species of wild life, their protection programme should be made like tiger project.
• They should be given legal protection by banning hunting, giving protection to their habitats and restricting trade in wildlife. Laws should be implemented restrictly.

Question 5. 
Write a short note on Asiatic Cheetah.
Answer:
The world's fastest land animal Cheetah is a unique and specialized member of the cat family and can move at the speed of 112 km/hr. Today, the Asiatic Cheetah is nearly extinct due to decline of available habitat and prey.

Question 6. 
What were the two main aims of launching project tiger in India ?
Answer:

• To increase the tiger population.
• To prevent the trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines.

Question 7. 
Write any two differences between endangered species and extinct species.
Answer:
(i) Endangered species which are in danger of extinction.
Extinct species which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur.

(ii) The survival of endangered species is difficult.
Extinct species may extinct from a local area, region, country, continent or the entire earth.

Question 8. 
What are the effects of enrichment of plantation in India?
Answer:
By enrichment of plantation of single commercially valuable species were extensively planted and other species were eliminated.
Chir Pine plantations in the Himalayas have replaced the Himalayan Oak and Rhododendron forests.

Question 9. 
What is the importance of the Himalayan Yew ?
Answer:
The Himalayan Yew is a medicinal plant which is used for making anti-cancer drug. It is found in various parts of Himachal Pradesh and Arunachal Pradesh.
The species is under great threat due to over exploitation and have dried in various parts of this region.

Question 10. 
“The dimensions of deforestation ; in India are staggering.” Explain.
Answer:
The dimensions of deforestation in India are staggering because they are being wiped out at a very rapid pace. The forest and tree cover in the country is estimated at 79.42 million hectare, which is 24.16 per cent of the total geographical area. According to the state of Forest Report (2015), the dense forest cover has increased by 3,775 sq km since 2013. However, this apparent increase in the forest cover is due to conservation measures, management interventions and plantation, etc., by different agencies.

Question 11. 
Write a short note on Chipko movement and Beej Bachao Andolan.
Answer:
Chipko movement - The famous Chipko movement in the Himalayas has not only successfully resisted deforestation in several areas but has also shown that community afforestation with indigenous species can be enormously successful.

Beej Bachao Andolan - Farmers and citizens groups like the Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri have shown that adequate levels to diversified crop production without the use of synthetic. chemicals are possible and economically viable.

Question 12. 
Write a short note on Joint Forest Management.
Answer:
It was a programme launched for management and restoration of degraded forests.

Main objectives:

• Restoration of degraded forests.
• To protect the forests from encroachments, grazing, theft and fire.
• Entitled to intermediary benefits like nontimber forest produces.

Question 13. 
Write four resources directly obtained from forests.
Answer:

1. Forests provide pastures for grazing animals.
2. It provides us fire wood. 
3. We get variety of valuable wood.
4. They provide shrubs which have medicinal value.

Question 14. 
Name the major tiger reserves of India and the states in which they are situated.
Answer:

• Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand,
• Sunderban National Park in West Bengal,
• Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh,
• Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, 
• Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, 
• Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.

Question 15. 
What are the causes of the decrease of tiger population in India ?
Answer:
The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species and growing human population etc.

Question 16. 
Write a short note on permanent forest.
Answer:
Reserved and protected forests are referred as permanent forests estates maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons.  

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-II)

Question 1. 
“Bio-diversity in India is in danger". Explain.
Answer:
Some estimates suggest at least 10% of India's recorded wild flora and 20% of its mammals are under threatened list. Many of these would now be categorized as “critical”, i.e., on the verge of extinction like the Cheetah, pink head duck, and plants like wild Mahua.

Cheetah was declared extinct in 1952. Many species of plants are in danger of extinction like madhuca insignis (a wild variety of mahua) and hubbardia heptaneuron, (a species of grass) etc. Many species have already gone extinct. Today, we only talk of the larger and more visible animals and plants that have become extinct but smaller animals like insects and plants are also important. In fact no one can say how many species may have already been lost.

Question 2. 
Why the tigers should be protected in India ?
Answer:
Tiger is one of the key wildlife species in the faunal wave. In 1973, the authorities realized that the tiger population had decreased to 1827 from an estimated 55,000. The major threats to tiger population are numerous, such as poaching for trade, shrinking habitat, depletion of prey base species, growing human population etc. The trade of tiger skins and the use of their bones in traditional medicines left the tiger population on the verge of extinction. Hence the tigers should be protected and conserved in India.

Question 3. 
Write a short note on different tiger projects in India.
Answer:
Project tiger: One of the wellpublicized wild life campaigns of the world was launched in 1973.
There are several tiger reserves conducted by the government of India such as Corbett National Park in Uttaranchal, Sunderban National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wild Life Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam, Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala.

Question 4. 
What are the adverse effects on the eco system due to the over utilization of forest resources ? What are the solutions to this problem ?
Answer:
In earlier days, man's needs were limited. He was dependent on the forests only for few things, although a lot of things could be obtained from forests.

Forests are now being used to fulfil man's need directly or indirectly. We obtain wood, leaves, medicines, food, fuel etc. from forests. Due to continuous and over usage of these products, the balance of the eco system is adversely affected.

The solution to this problem could be to look for alternative ways to fulfil our needs so that the over utilization of our forest resources could be reduced thereby reducing the adverse effects on our eco system.

Question 5. 
How is the decline of bio diversity related to the loss of cultural diversity of our country?
Answer:
The biological loss is strongly correlated with the loss of cultural diversity

• Such losses have increasingly marginalised and impoverished many indigenous communities.
• Forest dependent communities are directly depend on various components of the forest and wildlife for food, drink, medicine, culture, spirituality etc.
• In the poor class, women are affected more than men.
• In many societies, women bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other basic subsistence needs. This causes serious health problems for women and children because of the increased hours of work which often has serious social implications.
• Therefore forest and wildlife are vital to the quality of life and environment in the subcontinent.

Thus, it can be said that the destruction of biodiversity is correlated to the loss of cultural diversity

Question 6. 
“Women are affected more than men due to losses of flora and fauna." Explain.
Answer:
Women are affected more than men in many societies since they bear the major responsibility of collection of fuel, fodder, water and other subsistence needs. As these resources are depleted, the drudgery of women increases and sometimes they have to walk for more than 10 km to collect these resources.

This causes serious health problem for women because of the increased hours of work which often has serious social implications.

Question 7. 
What are the steps to conserve the forests?
Answer:
The steps to conserve the forests resource are-

• Stopping deforestation and starting afforestation.
• Controlling over-grazing. 
• Controlling unlimited usage of wood.
• Protecting the forest from harmful insects, diseases and fire.
• Afforestation should be done at the same place of deforestation.
• To look for substitute to forest resources.
• Enforcing laws to protect the forests strictly. 

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Write the classification of existing plants and animal species based on IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources).
Answer:
Categories of existing plants and animal species :

• Normal Species-Whose population levels are considered to be normal for their survival (cattle, sal etc.).
• Endangered species-Which are in danger of extinction (mountain tiger).
• Vulnerable-Some species whose population has declined.
• Rare species-Species with small population, may mode into endangered or vulnerable category.
• Endemic species-Which are only found in some particular areas usually isolated by natural or geographical barriers (Nicobar pigeons).
• Extinct-Which are not found after searches of known or likely areas where they may occur (pink headed duck).

Question 2.
Write about the types and distribution of forests in India.
Answer:
In India, much of its forest and wildlife resources are either owned or managed by the government through the forest department or other government departments. These are classified under the following categories-

(1) Reserved Forests- These are the most valuable forests as for as the conservation of forests and wildlife resources are concerned.

Madhya Pradesh has the largest area under permanent forests, constituting 75 per cent of total forest area. Jammu and Kashmir, Andhra Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal and Maharashtra have large percentages of reserved forests of its total forest area.

(2) Protected Forest-Almost one-third of the total forest area is protected forest, as declared by the Forest Department. This forest land are protected from any further depletion. Protected forests are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons. Bihar, Haryana, Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Odisha and Rajasthan have a bulk of protected forest.

(3) Unclassified Forests In India, there are other forests and wastelands belonging to both government and private individuals and communities known as unclassified forests. North-eastern states and part of Gujarat have a very high percentage of their forests as unclassified forests managed by local communities.

Question 3. 
What steps are taken by the government of India for the conservation of forest and wildlife ?
Answer:
The government has taken the following steps for the conservation of forest and wildlife :
(1) The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972-In the 1960s and 1970s, conservationists demanded a national wildlife protection programme. The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act was implemented in 1972, with various provisions for protecting habitats. An all India list of protected species was also published. The thrust of the programme was towards protecting to their habitats, banning hunting and restricting trade in wildlife.

(2) National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries-The central government also announced several projects for protecting specific animals. There are 92 National parks and 500 wildlife sanctuaries all over India. Its total area is 1.57 crore hectare.

(3) Specific Projects for Specific Animals-The central government has also announced several projects for protecting specific animals which are gravely threatened including tigers, the one-horned rhinoceros, the Kashmir stag or hangul, three types of crocodiles-fresh water crocodile, salt water crocodile and the gharial, the asiatic lion and others.

(4) Project Tiger- “Project Tiger” one of the well-publicised wildlife campaigns in the world, was launched in 1973.

Tiger conservation- Tiger conservation has been viewed not only as an effort to save an endangered species, but with equal importance as a means of preserving biotypes of sizeable magnitude. Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand, Sunderbans National Park in West Bengal, Bandhavgarh National Park in Madhya Pradesh, Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary in Rajasthan, Manas Tiger Reserve in Assam and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala are some of the tiger reserves of India.

(5) Wildlife Act 1980 and 1986- In the notification under wildlife act of 1980 and 1986, several hundred butterflies, moths, beetles and one dragonfly have been added to the list of protected species. In 1991 for the first time plants were also added to the list starting with six species.

Question 4. 
Analyse the reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India.
Answer:
The reasons for the depletion of forest resources in India are following-
(1) Colonial plantation- The great it damage inflicted on Indian forests was during the colonial period due to the expansion of railways, agriculture and mining etc

(2) Agricultural expansion- After independence, agricultural expansion continues to be one of the major causes of depletion. Between 1951 and 1980, according to the forest survey of India, over 26200 sq km of forest areas were converted into agricultural land all over India.

(3) Shifting Cultivation (Jhum)Substantial parts of the tribal belts, especially in the north-eastern and central India, have been deforested or degraded by shifting cult vation (hum), a type of “slash and burr agriculture.

(4) Development projects- In India large-scale development projects have als contributed significantly to the loss of forest: Since 1951, over 5,000 sq km of forest wa cleared for river valley project. Clearing forests is still continuing with project like th Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Prades! which would inundate 40,000 hectares of fores

(5) Mining- Mining is another importan factor behind deforestation. It has blocked th migration route of several species including th Great Indian Elephants, thus disturbing thei natural habitat.

(6) Grazing and fuel wood collection- Over grazing of land also leads to soil erosion Deforestation is also caused by wood collection

Question 5. 
“Need for the right policy to pro tect and conserve forests and wild life in India” comment.
Answer:
Causes of need for the right policy to protect and conserve forests are wildlife in India are as below :
(i) Habitat destruction, hunting and poaching over exploitation, environmental pollution poisoning and forest fires are factors which have led to the decline of India's bio-diversity.
(ii) Over population in the third worlo countries are often cited as the cause of environ mental degradation..
(iii) Over the half of India's natural forest: are gone, one third of its wet lands drained out 70% of its surface water bodies are polluted 40% of its mangroves wiped out, and witi continued hunting and trade of wild animal: commercially valuable plants and thousands o flora and fauna are heading towards extinction
(iv) The biological loss is strongly corelated with the loss of cultural diversity.
(v) The indirect impact of degradation, suc as severe drought or deforestation, induced floods etc. also hit the poor hardest.
From the above causes, it is clear that th right policy should be adopted to protect an conserve forests and wild life in India.