RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 5 Popular Struggles and Movements

Objective Type Questions

Question 1. 
Nepal restored democracy in-
(a) 1950 
(b) 1970 
(c) 1980
(d) 1990 
Answer:
(d) 1990 

Question 2. 
The reason of Bolivia's water war was-
(a) Due to country's poverty 
(b) Due to increase in price of water 
(c) Due to exploitation of police
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(b) Due to increase in price of water 

Question 3. 
The objective of the Nepalese movement started in April, 2006 was-
(a) To establish democracy 
(b) To protest government's policies 
(c) To reduce water prices
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(a) To establish democracy

Question 4. 
Which statement is true both by the movement in Nepal and the struggle in Bolivia?
(a) Both are examples of political conflict 
(b) Political organisation's crucial role was in both movements 
(c) Mass mobilisation in both movements
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Question 5. 
In which of the following is not example of group interest-
(a) Workers union 
(b) Human rights organisation 
(c) Trade union
(d) Business organisation 
Answer:
(b) Human rights organisation 

Question 6. 
Sardar Sarovar Dam is being built on which river? 
(a) Ganga
(b) Brahmaputra 
(c) Narmada 
(d) Krishna
Answer:
(c) Narmada

Question 7. 
When was the right to Information Act passed in India? 
(a) In 2000
(b) In 2005 
(c) In 2014
(d) In 2019 
Answer:
(b) In 2005

Question 8. 
Which methods do pressure groups and movements adopt to carry out their goals and activities? 
(a) Carrying out information campaign 
(b) Filing petition 
(c) Strike
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(d) All of the above 

Question 9. 
Who led the water movement of Bolivia?
(a) Seven party Alliance 
(b) BAMCEF 
(c) FEDECOR
(d) None of the above 
Answer:
(c) FEDECOR

Question 10. 
Which of the following is the example of mass movement? 
(a) Anti-alcohol movement 
(b) Environmental movement 
(c) Narmada Bachao Andolan 
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Fill in the Blanks

1. ............. almost invariably involves conflict of interest and viewpoints. 
2. In 2015 ........... adopted a new constitution. 
3. ................ are formed when people with common occupation, interest, aspirations or opinions come together in order to achieve a common objective. 
4. Unlike the interest groups, movements have a ............ organisation. 
5. Interest groups and movements do not directly engage in .................
Answer:
1. Democracy 
2. Nepal 
3. Pressure groups 
4. loose 
5. Party politics. 

Very Short Answer Type Questions 

Question 1. 
When did Nepal restore democracy? 
Answer:
In 1990.

Question 2. 
Who was the last ruler of Nepal?
Answer:
King Virendra was the last ruler of Nepal.

Question 3. 
What does “Human Rights Organisation represent?
Answer:
Common group interest is represented by "Human Rights Organisation".

Question 4. 
What was the reason of Bolivia's water war?
Answer:
The price of water was increased four times which led to water war in Bolivia.

Question 5. 
What was the result of Bolivia's water war?
Answer:
Bolivian government cancelled the contract with the MNC and water supply was restored to the municipality and old rates were applied.

Question 6. 
Which movement is called the second movement of Democracy of Nepal?
Answer:
In April, 2006, Nepal's public witnessed an extraordinary movement for restoration of democracy which is called the second movement of democracy.

Question 7. 
What were the third wave countries of democracy?
Answer:
Those countries which restored democracy in 1990 were the third wave countries.

Question 8. 
What were the demands of this movement which occured in Nepal in April, 2006? 
Answer:
The demands of this movement were-

• Restoration of Parliament
• Power to all party government
• A new constituent assembly

Question 9. 
By which name was this movement of 2006 called ?
Answer:
It was called as the second movement for democracy.

Question 10. 
Who were involved in Bolivia's strike?
Answer:
Worker, human rights activist and community leaders were involved in Bolivia's strike.

Question 11. 
What was seven party alliance?
Answer:
In Nepal all the major parties in the parliament formed alliance to establish democracy, is known as seven party alliance.

Question 12. 
What was the difference between Nepal and Bolivia's people movement?
Answer:
The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involved claims on an elected, democratic government.

Question 13. 
State two similarities of Nepal and Bolivia's democratic movement?
Answer:

1. Both are concerned 'with’ political conflict that led to Mass struggles.
2. In both of the cases the struggle involved mass mobilisation.

Question 14. 
State two conclusions of Nepal and Bolivia's struggle?
Answer:

1. Democracy is evolved through popular struggles.
2. Democratic conflict is resolved through mass mobilisation.

Question 15. 
Which organisations were involved in Nepal's democratic struggle?
Answer:
Seven party alliance, Nepalese communist (Maoist), workers and Native people's organisations were involved in Nepal's democratic struggle.

Question 16. 
What do you mean by “Right to information"?
Answer:
Right to information is a right that is given to all citizens in which people can see all the governments records and documents.

Question 17. 
Write the meaning of pressure group?
Answer:
When people with common occupation, interest, aspirations or opinions come together in order to achieve a common objective, is known as pressure group.

Question 18. 
Write the name of any two trade unions in India.
Answer:

1. All India Rail Workers Union
2. All India Medical Council.

Question 19. 
What is movement?
Answer:
Movements have a loose organisation. Their decision making is more informal and flexible. They depend much more on spontaneous mass participation than an interest group.

Question 20. 
Write the names of any four movements.
Answer:

1. 'Save Narmada' Movement
2. Anti liquor movement
3. Women movement
4. Environment movement.

Question 21. 
What is Narmada Bachao Andolan?
Answer:
The movement started with the specific issue of the people displaced by the creation of Sardar Sarovar dam on the Narmada river. Its objective was to stop the dam from being constructed.

Question 22. 
Write any two differences between pressure group and movement.
Answer:

1. Movements have a loose organisation in comparison to pressure group.
2. Decisions of pressure groups are less flexible in comparison to movements. 

Question 23. 
What are the forms of interests group?
Answer:
It can be divided in two forms-

1. Sectional interest group
2. Public interest group

Question 24. 
What is FEDECOR ?
Answer:
The protest against water privatisation in Bolivią was led by an organisation called FEDECOR. This organisation comprised of local professionals, including engineers and environmentalists.

Question 25. 
What do you mean by BAMCEF?
Answer:
BAMCEF stands for Backward and Minorities Community Employee Federation. It is an organisation largely made up of government employees that campaigns, against caste discrimination.

Question 26. 
How do pressure groups and movements influence politics?
Answer:
They try to gain public support and sympathy for their goals and their activity by carrying out information of campaigns, organisations meetings and filing petitions.

Question 27. 
How can we protest indirectly in a democracy?
Answer:
We can protest in a democracy by creating interest groups and pressurise the government to accept our demands. 

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-I)

Question 1. 
What was the reason of movement for democracy in Nepal in 2006?
Or
Write a short note on Nepal's second .movement for democracy.
Answer:
In February, 2005, Nepal's new king Gyanendra did not accept democracy and dismissed the prime minister and the popularly elected parliament. As a result the movement in April, 2006 was aimed at restoring democracy by political parties.

Question 2. 
Write a short note on movement for restoration of democracy in Nepal.
Answer:
In April, 2006 to restore democracy in Nepal, all the major parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA). (1) They stuck to their demand for restoration of parliament. (2) Power to an all party. government, and (3) a new constituent assembly. On 24th April, 2006 the king was forced to concede all the three demands.

Question 3. 
What was the reason for breaking out public movement in Bolivia?
Answer:
Bolivia is a poor country in Latin America. The government sold the rights of water supply for the city of Cochabamba to a Multi-National Company (MNC). The company immediately increased the price of water by four times. Many people received monthly water bill of Rs. 1000 in a country where average income is around Rs. 5000 a month. This led to. a spontaneous popular protest.

Question 4. 
How did Bolivia's water war end up?
Answer:
The power of the people forced the officials of the MNC to flee the city and made the government concede to all the demands of the protesters. The contract with the MNC was cancelled and water supply was restored to the - municipality at old rates.

Question 5. 
What were the similarities between the movements of Nepal and Bolivia?
Answer:

• Both these movements were instances of political conflict that led to popular struggles
• In both cases the struggle involved mass mobilisation
• In both movements public demonstration of mass support clinched the dispute.

Question 6. 
What were the difference between the movements of Nepal and Bolivia?
Answer:

• The movement in Nepal was to establish democracy, while the struggle in Bolivia involed claims on an elected, democratic government.
• Struggle in Bolivia was about one specific policy, while the struggle in Nepal was about the foundations of the country's politics.

Question 7. 
How many roles do the different organisations play in a democratic system?
Answer:

• Directly Engaging in Politics- Political organisations directly engage in politics. For this they contest election and form government or play the role of opposition.
• In an Indirect Manner- Pressure groups and interest group exert influence on politics by strikes, lobbying, rallies or movements.

Question 8. 
What is the difference between pressure groups and movements?
Answer:
There are following differences between pressure groups and movement groups-

• Movements have loose organisation while pressure groups have strong organisation.
• (Movements decision making is more informal and flexible while pressure groups decision making is formal.
• Movements depend much more on spontaneous mass participation than pressure groups.

Question 9. 
What do you mean by Public Welfare Group?
Answer:
Some organisations represent public interests that need protection. These organisations are called Public Welfare Group. Their aim is not only to help their members but also others. For example- anti-bonded labour group

Question 10. 
Write features of a movement based on any specific issue.
Answer:

• Such movements have limited time to achieve its main objective.
• These movements have clear leadership 
• These movements have organisation.
• These movements' active life is usually short.

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-II)

Question 1. 
What is BAMCEF? Write its main objectives.
Answer:
The BAMCEF stands for ‘Back-ward and Minority Community Employees Federation”. This is government employees' organization.
Its Objectives-

• This organisation raises its voice against caste discrimination and resolve the problems of its members against discrimination.
• This organisation wants social equality and justice for the public welfare.

Question 2. 
Write two positive and negative effects of Pressure Groups.
Answer:
Positive Effects of Pressure Group-

1. When different groups are active single group cannot be dominant over the society.
2. Government is aware of this fact what is the demand of different sections of society. This helps government in making policies.

Negative Effects-

1. Pressure groups seek to promote the interest of a particular section or group of society. This is harmful for democracy because in democratic country all sections of society are given fair chances.
2. Pressure groups want to use power without responsibility. They are not accountable to the people.

Question 3. 
Who participated in Nepal's movement for democracy?
Answer:
Nepal's movement was led by the major political parties in the parliament. They formed a seven party alliance. Later Maoist insurgents and various other organisations joined hands. Besides, political parties worker's organisations participated in Nepal's popular movement. In addition to other organisations, for example-Native peoples organisation and lawyers, teachers and human rights workers group gave their support to this movement.

Question 4. 
Which organisations participated in the Bolivia's against water privatisation movement?
Answer:
The protest against water priva-tisation in Bolivia was not led by any political party. It was led by an organisation called FEDECOR. This organisation comprised of local professionals, engineers and environmentalists.

They were supported by a federation of farmers who relied on irrigation, the confederation of factory workers' unions, middle class students from the university of Cochabamba and the city's homeless street children. The movement was supported by thc socialist party. In 2006, this party came to power in Bolivia. 

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Give description of Nepal's second movement for democracy.
Answer:
1. Rejection of Democratic Government- King Gyanendra, the new king of Nepal was not prepared to accept democratic rule. He took advantage of the weakness and unpopularity of the democratically elected government. In February, 2005 the king dismissed the prime minister and dissolved the popularly elected parliament.

2. Beginning of Movement and its Aim- The movement of April, 2006 was aimed at regaining popular control over the government from the king.

3. Structure of the Movement- All the major political parties in the parliament formed a Seven Party Alliance (SPA) and called for a four day strike in Kathmandu, the country's capital. This protest soon turned into an indefinite strike in which Maoist insurgents and various other organisations joined hands. The number of protesters reached between three to five lakhs on 21 April and they served an ultimatum to the king.

4. Main Demands- They stuck to their demand for restoration of parliament, power to an all-party government and a new constituent assembly.

5. Acceptance of Demands by the King- On 24 April, 2006, the last day of the ultimatum, the king was forced to concede all the three demands.
This struggle came to be known as Nepal's second movement for democracy.

Question 2. 
What conclusions can be drawn from the popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia?
Answer:
The following conclusions can be drawn from the popular struggles in Nepal and Bolivia-
1. Democracy Evolves through Popular Struggles- Democracy evolves through popular struggles. It is possible that some significant decisions may take place through consensus and may not involve any conflict at all. These moments come when the country is going through transition to democracy, expansion of democracy or deepening of democracy.

2. Democratic Conflict is Resolved through Mass Mobilisation- Sometimes it is possible that the conflict is resolved by using the existing institutions like the parliament or the judiciary. But when there is a deep dispute, very often these institutions themselves get involved in the dispute. The resolution has to come from outside from the people.

3. The Base of Struggle and Mobilisation is Organised Politics- There is an element of spontaneity in all such historic moments. The spontaneous public participation becomes effective with the help of organised politics. These include political parties, pressure groups and movement groups.

Question 3. 
What are movement groups? Write its main types.
Answer:
Movement Groups- Movement groups attempt to influence politics rather than directly take part in electoral competition. They try to draw the attention of government by strike, procession and march.

Type of Movements-
(1) Issue Specific Movement- Most of the movements are issue specific movements that seek to achieve a single objective within a time frame. Movements of this kind tend to have a clear leadership and some organisation. But their active life is usually short. The Nepalese movement for democracy and Narmada Bachao Andolan are good example of this kind of movement.

(2) More than One Issue Specific Movement- These single issue movements can be contrasted with movements that are long term and involve more than one issue. The environmental movement and the women's movement are examples of such movements. There is no single organisation that controls or guides such movements.