RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Civics Understanding Marginalisation InText Questions and Answers

Page-83

Question 1. 
Explain at least three different reasons why the group may be marginalized. 
Answer:
There can be three reasons why different groups are marginalized:

1. Speaking a different language.
2. Adopting different customs or adopting a different religion than the majority community.
3. Due to their poverty, being considered less in social status and to be seen as less human than the rest. For these reasons, they feel marginalized.

Question 2. 
Why was Dadu forced to leave his village in Odisha?
Answer:
Tribal rights over the forest were abolished under the new law. They were displaced from the jungles and Dadu was so intimidated by government officials and contractors that he was eventually forced to sell and leave his village after being displaced from the land.

Question 3. 
In your own city or village, who would you think are the marginalized groups? Discuss. 
Answer:
In our city or village, marginalized groups are those who speak a different language, follow different customs, practice different religions, and have low social status. They are generally economically and educationally backward such as the scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. 

Question 4. 
Can you name some Adivasi communities that live in your state?
Answer:
Meena, Bhil, Sahriya, Garasia, etc.

Question 5. 
What language do they speak? Do they live close to the forest? Do they migrate to other regions looking for work? 
Answer:
They speak their own local language like Bhili, gara siya, etc. Yes, they live close to the forest. Yes, currently they go to other areas in search of work.

Page-85

Question 1.
What metals are important in present-day India? Why? Where do they come from? Are there Adivasi populations there? 
Answer:
In today’s India, metals like iron, copper, gold-silver ore, coal, and diamonds are important. These metals are of great importance in terms of development. In India, these metals are found in forests. Yes, there is a population of tribals at these places.

Question 2. 
List 5 products that you use at home that come from the forest.
Answer:
Honey/wax, Lac, Herbs, Wood/timber, Gum.

Question 3. 
By whom were the following demands being made on forest land?
(a) timber for the construction of houses and railways:
(b) forest land for mining:
(c) forest land for agriculture by non-tribal people:
(d) reserved by the government as wildlife parks:
Answer:
(a) Contractors/Builders
(b) Miners
(c) Big farmers
(d) Government

Question 4. 
In what ways would this affect tribal people?
Answer:
Tribal people would lose their main source of livelihood and food. They would have to migrate to cities in search of work and in this way they would be caught in a cycle of poverty and deprivation.

Question 5. 
What do you think the poem is trying to convey? 
Answer:
This poem is trying to convey the extreme hardship, torture, and heartbreak of Adivasis, working in Assam (in tea plantations).

Page-87

Question 1. 
In your opinion, why is it important that Adivasis should have a say in how their forests and forest land are used?
Answer:
India is a democratic state and in a democratic state, it is important that the public should participate in law-making. In this context, decisions related to the dying use of forest and forest lands should have the participation of Adivasis inhabiting there.

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Question 1. 
Why do we need safeguards for minorities?
Answer:
It has the following reasons:
(1) To protect the minorities from the possibility of cultural domination of the majority.
(2) To protect the minorities from discrimination and the possibility of harm.
(3) To provide security to the minorities regarding their life, property, and well-being.

Question 2. 
What do you think these tables tell us about the socio-economic status of the Muslim community?
Answer:
According to the table, the Muslim community has less access to basic amenities. They also have less percentage of literacy rate
in comparison to other religions as well as their number is very less in the Public Employment.

Question 3. 
Which of these communities have the most and the least access to the basic amenities? 
Answer:
The Sikh community has the most and the Muslim community have the least access to basic amenities.

Page-89

Question 1. 
Which of these communities have the highest and lowest literacy rate?
Answer:
The Jain community has the highest and the Muslim community has the lowest literacy rate. 

Question 2. 
What do these figures convey?
Answer:
These figures convey that the Muslim community has not obtained good social, economic, and educational status and its literary level is also low.

Question 3. 
Do you think special measures are required to address this situation?
Answer:
Yes.

Page-90

Question 1. 
The essay has been written by a child around your age. What do you think she is trying to convey?
Answer:
She is trying to convey a relationship between clothes and personal identity. Certain types of clothes are used by specific communities. Hence people try to identify them by their Clothing patterns.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Understanding Marginalisation Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1. 
Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word ‘marginalization’.
Answer:
Marginalized means a community that has been forced to occupy the sides or fringes of the mainstream of society. Such a community is not in die center of society and may have the experience of being excluded.

Question 2. 
List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized.
Answer:
(1) For the past 200 years Adivasis have been increasingly forced:
through economic changes, forest policies, and political force applied by the State and private industry to migrate to lives as workers in plantations, at construction sites, in industries, and as domestic workers.

(2) When Adivasis are displaced from their lands, they lose much more than a source of income. They lose their traditions and customs:
a way of living and being. Due to these reasons, Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalized.

Question 3. 
Write one reason why you think the constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities are very important?
Answer:
Safeguards are needed to protect minority communities against the possibility of being culturally dominated by the majority. They also protect them against any discrimination and disadvantage that they may face.

Question 4. 
Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you understand by the term minority?
Answer:
The term minority is most commonly used to refer to communities that are numerically small in relation to the rest of the population. For example, religious and linguistic minorities. However, it is a concept that goes well beyond numbers. It encompasses issues of power, and access to resources and has social and cultural dimensions.

Question 5. 
You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the following statement: ‘Muslims are a marginalized community. Using the data provided in this chapter, list two reasons that you would give.
Answer:
Muslims in India are a marginalized community because:
(1) In comparison to other communities, they have been deprived of the benefits of socio-economic development. The percentage of the Muslim community is much lower than other communities in terms of basic amenities, literacy, and public environment. According to the 2011 census, where literacy among Muslims is only 57%, the literacy of Hindus, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains is 63, 74, 67, 71, and 86 percent respectively, which is much higher than the literacy percentage of Muslims.

(2) The percentage of Muslims in government jobs is quite low. According to the report of the Prime Minister’s High-level Committee, 2006, the Muslim population in India is 13.5 percent of the total population, but the number of Muslims in government jobs is much less than this. It is between 1.8 to 10.8 percent in different areas. This shows that Muslims are lagging behind on various indicators of development.

Question 6. 
Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks, “Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time”. List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India. ,
Answer:
After listening to our friend, we will tell the following three things related to the life of tribals in India:
(1) There are over 500 different Adivasis groups in India. Adivasi societies are also most distinctive because there is often very little hierarchy among them. This makes them radically different from communities organized around principles of Jativama (caste) or those that were ruled by kings.

(2) Adivasis practice a range of tribal religions that are different from Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. These often involve the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirits, the last associated with and residing in various sites in the landscape - ‘mountain spirits’, ‘river- spirits’, ‘animal spirits’, etc. The village spirits are often worshipped at specific sacred groves within the village boundary while the ancestral ones are usually worshipped at home.

(3) Adivasis have their own languages, most of them radically different from and possibly as old as Sanskrit.

Question 7. 
In the storyboard, you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?
Answer:
The main points of the story of the tribals can be:
(1) Show the traditional life of the tribals:
their living in the forests, their authority over the forests, their knowledge of the forests, their own unique religion, and the relation between their religion and nature. This, show their independent life, how they earn their livelihood through hunting and by collecting different items from forests to the period of their shifting agriculture, and this reflects their free, independent, and colorful life.

(2) Show how the powerful forces have often colluded to take over tribal land as villains in the lives of tribals. Also, show how the tribals are displaced due to mines and mining projects and how land is taken away from them forcefully and procedures are not followed. Show how, how after the middle of the nineteenth century, the economic changes, forest policies, and political forces applied by the state and private industry took away the land from them and they were deprived of their main sources of food and livelihood. With this, their traditions and customs are also ending.

(3) Finally, shows that the economic and social dimensions of tribal life are interlinked. Striking for their resources. how painful and violent the process of sabotage and displacement is and now this process divides them into three parts:
(i) Some Adivasis migrated to the city after becoming homeless and landless. Worked in the nearby industries and began to live their life and moved away from their customs and traditions.

(ii) Some Adivasis continued . to fight fiercely and eventually, they joined ' violent militant groups and continued to commit violent incidents. Show terrorism of Northeast and Naxalism of Jharkhand in this context.

(iii) Some Adivasis still hold their land and maintain their traditional customs, and religion but are lagging behind in the fields of education and development and are marginalized.

(iv) Some tribals have adopted other religions like Christianity and Hinduism and have come closer to the mainstream than others.

Question 8. 
Would you agree with the statement that economic marginalization and social marginalization are interlinked? Why? 
Answer:
Yes, we agree that economic marginalization and social marginalization are interlinked. For example, Muslim communities are religious minorities, they have not received the same benefits of socio-economic development as compared to other communities. They have lagged behind other communities in obtaining literacy, basic amenities, and government jobs. When tribals are separated from the forests, they are economically marginalized. But this also affects their traditions and customs and they become socially marginalized in other places.