RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 5 Judiciary

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Civics Judiciary InText Questions and Answers

Page-56

Question 1. 
With the help of your teacher, fill in the blank spaces in the table below.
Answer:

Type of Dispute	Example
Dispute between the center and the state	Dissolution of Bihar Assembly
Dispute between two states	Kaveri water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu
Dispute between two citizens	The land between two persons
Laws that are in violation of the Constitution	Arresting any person without giving any reason

Question 2. 
Do you think that any ordinary citizen stands a chance against a politician in this kind of judicial system? Why not?
Answer:
Any ordinary citizen cannot stand a chance because a lack of independence would force the judge to make all judgments in favor of the politician. Ibis is because the politician has the power to appoint and dismiss a judge from his office.

Page-57

Question 1. 
List two reasons why you believe an independent judiciary is essential to democracy.
Answer: 

1. It is the independence of the judiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of power by the legislature and the executive.
2. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if they believe that their rights have been violated.

Question 2. 
The structure of the courts from the lower to the highest level is such that it resembles a pyramid. Having read the description above, can you fill out which type of courts would exist at what level in the following diagram?
Answer:


Page-59

Question 1. 
Write two sentences of what you understand about the appellate system from the given case.
Answer: 

1. A person can appeal to a higher court if they believe that the judgment passed by the lower court is not just.
2. By re-appeal, he can take his case to the Supreme Court of the country.

Page-60

Question 1. 
Fill in the table given below based on what you have “understood about criminal and civil law.

Description of Violation	Branch of Law	Procedure to be Followed
(a) A group of girls is persistently harassed by a group of boys while walking to school.
(b) A tenant who is being forced to move out files a case in court against the land: lord.

Answer: 
(a) This case is related to the branch of criminal law. This action is considered an offense in law. In this, first of all, F.I.R. is recorded. Police then investigate the crime after which die case is-filed in court. If found guilty, the accused can be sent to jail and also fined. 

(b) This case is related to civil law. In this a petition has to be filed before the relevant court .by the affected party only (for example on the behalf of tenant). The court gives its decision after hearing both the parties under due process.

Page-63

Question 1.
Discuss the impact of the shortage of judges (Hi the delivery of justice to the litigants.
Answer: 
When there is a shortage of judges then there is delaying in providing justice to the litigants. People spend more than half of their lives running for justice in the alleys of courts.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Judiciary Textbook Questions and Answers 

Question 1. 
You read that one of the main functions of the judiciary is ‘upholding the law and Enforcing Fundamental Rights’. Why do you think an independent judiciary is necessary to carry out this important function?
Answer: 
In order to uphold the law and enforce the Fundamental Rights, the judiciary must be independent. It is the independence of the judiciary that allows the courts to play a central role in ensuring that there is no misuse of power by the legislature and the executive. It also plays a crucial role in protecting the Fundamental Rights of citizens because anyone can approach the courts if they believe that their rights have been violated.

Question 2. 
Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided in Chapter 1. How do you think the Right to Constitutional Remedies connects to the idea of judicial review?
Answer: 
The Right to Constitutional Remedies provides citizens with the guarantee of the protection of Fundamental Rights. If a citizen feels that any of his Fundamental Rights have been violated by the state, then he can go to court by resorting to this right. Thus through this, the judiciary can review laws passed by Parliament on the basis that they do not violate the basic rights of citizens. This makes clear that the Right to Constitutional Remedies is linked to the idea of judicial review.

Question 3. 
In the following illustration, fill in each tier with the judgments given by the various courts in the Sudha Goel case. Check your responses with others in the class.
Answer: 

(1) The Trial Court:
In the case of Sudha Goel, the Trial court convicted Laxman, his mother Shakuntala, and his brother-in-law Subash Chandra and sentenced all three of them to death.

(2) The High Court:
The High Court decided that Sudha had died due to accidental fire and acquitted Laxman, Shakuntala, and Subash Chandra.

(3) The Supreme Court: The Supreme Court found Laxman and his mother guilty but acquitted the brother-in-law Subash because they did not have enough evidence against him. The Supreme Court decided to send the accused to prison for life.

Question 4. 
Keeping the Sudha Goel case in mind, tick the sentences that are true and correct the ones that are false.

1. The accused took the case to the High Court because they were unhappy with the decision of the Trial Court.
2. They went to the High Court after the Supreme Court had given its decision.
3. If they do not like the Supreme Court verdict, the accused can go back again to the Trial Court.

Answer: 

1. True.
2. False, they went to the High Court to appeal against the verdict of the Trial Court.
3. False, if they do not like the Supreme Court verdict, the accused cannot go back again to the Trial Court.

Question 5. 
Why do you think the introduction of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) in the 1980s is a significant step in ensuring access to justice for all?
Answer: 
The system of Public Interest Litigation (PIL) introduced in the 1980s was an important step to bringing justice to all because now even poor people can go to court to get justice. The reason for this is that under this the court has given the right to any person or organization to file a Public Interest Litigation on behalf of people whose rights are being violated.

Now, even a letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL. Through PIL justice has been delivered to the people on many issues. Therefore, it is clear that the system of Public Interest Litigation has been an important step in bringing justice to the common people.

Question 6. 
Re-read excerpts from the judgment on the Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation case. Now write in your own words what the judges meant when they said that the Right to Livelihood was part of the Right to Life.
Answer: 
The judgment of the Olga Tellis vs Bombay Municipal Corporation established the Right to Livelihood as a part of the Right to Life. From this judgment, this judge means that life means more than just maintaining biological existence. It does not mean that no one can be killed in any other way except through the procedure laid down by law, such as giving and enforcing the death penalty. This is one side of the Right to Life. The other side of this right is also the right to livelihood because no one can survive without means of livelihood.

For example:
the eviction of a person from a pavement or slum, their means of livelihood are instantly destroyed because the slum people are employed in small occupations in town and they do not have any other place to live. They start living on a track of in-slums around their place of work. Therefore, if they are removed from the track or slum, their employment will end and it will become difficult to survive with the loss of employment. In the same context, the judiciary ruled in Olga Tellis vs Municipal Corporation  
of Bombay, that right of livelihood is part of the Right to Life. The government cannot directly or indirectly deprive a person of employment in such a way that it becomes difficult to survive.

Question 7. 
Write a story around the theme, ‘Justice delayed is justice denied.
Answer: 
An issue that affects the common person’s access to justice is the inordinately long number of years that courts take to hear a case. The phrase ‘justice delayed is justice denied’ is often used to characterize this extended time period that courts take. For example, on 22 May 1987, some people of Hashimpura were murdered under the custody of the Provincial Armed Constabulary (PAC). In this 19 PAC men faced criminal prosecution for alleged murder and other offenses. By. 2007, only 3 prosecution witnesses had been examined.

The families of 43 Muslims of Hashimpura were fighting for justice for the last 31 years. In September 2002, the Supreme Court transferred the case from Uttar Pradesh to Delhi due to excessive delay in the commencement of the trial. Finally, the Delhi High Court convicted the accused persons on 31 October 2018. It is clear from this incident that after a long period of 31 years, getting justice for the family is like killing justice.

Question 8. 
Make sentences with each of the glossary words given on the next page. 
Answer: 
(1) Acquit:
High Court in its judgment acquitted the convicts sentenced to death by the lower court.

(2) To Appeal:
He filed an appeal to the Supreme Court against the decision of the High Court.

(3) Compensation:
The government accepted the land or the road from the farmers in the public interest and gave compensation to the farmers against it.

(4) Eviction:
The decision of the courts in the cases of eviction of settlements or slums has been changing.

(5) Violation:
Breaking a law is a violation of that law.

Question 9. 
The poster on page 65 of the textbook is made by the Right to Food Campaign.
(i) Read this poster and list the duties of the government to uphold the Right to Food.
(ii) How does the phrase “Hungry stomachs, overflowing godowns! We will not accept it!!” used in the poster relate to the photo essay on the Right to Food on Page 61?
Answer: 
(i) In this poster, the following duties of the government are explained about the right to food:

1. It is the duty of the government to provide bread to every person.
2. It is also the duty of the government that no one should sleep hungry.
3. It is the responsibility of the government to pay special attention to the most vulnerable, hungry, elderly, disabled, widows, etc. 
4. It is the responsibility of the government that no one dies due to malnutrition and hunger.
5. If the government does not perform its duties, the Chief Secretary/Administrator of the State Government and Union Territories will be accountable in the court.

(ii) “Hungry stomachs, overflowing godowns! We will not accept it, we will not accept it!!” The poster’s statement realizes the picture essay on the right to food on page 61. It has been shown in this picture essay that due to drought in Rajasthan and Orissa in 2001, lakhs of people were facing a severe shortage of food while the government godowns were full of grain and many of the grains were eaten by rats but it was not being provided to the hungry people. As a result, an organization called the People’s Union of Civil Liberties PUCL filed a PIL in the Supreme Court.

it stated that the fundamental Right to Life guaranteed in Article 21 of the Constitution included the Right to Food. The State’s excuse that it did not have adequate funds was shown to be wrong because the godowns were overflowing with grains. The Supreme Court ruled that the State had a duty to provide food to all. This poster shows die the same fact with the slogan, “Hungry Stomachs, overflowing godowns! We will not accept it, we will not accept it!!”