RBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 Industries

These comprehensive RBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 Industries will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 5 Industries

→ Secondary activities or manufacturing change raw materials into products of more value, of people. Industry refers to an economic activity that is concerned with production of goods, extraction of minerals or the provision of services.

→ Classification of Industries:

• Classification on the basis of raw materials-Industries may be agro-based, mineral based, marine based and forest based depending on the types of raw materials used.
• Classification on the basis of size Based on size, industries can be classified into small scale and large scale industries.
• Classification on the basis of ownership-Industries can be classified into private sector, state owned or public sector, joint sector and cooperative sector.

→ Factors affecting location of industries: The factors affecting the location of industries are the availability of raw material, land, water, labour, power, capital, transport and market.

→ Industrial system: An industrial system consists of inputs, processes and outputs.

→ Industrial regions: Industrial regions emerge when a number of industries locate close to each other and share the benefits of their closeness.

→ Distribution of Major Industries: The world’s major industries are as follows:
(i) Iron and Steel Industries: Iron and steel industry is one of the major industries. The process of converting iron ore into steel involves many stages. Many items are made from steel and steel is used by other industries as raw material. Important steel producing centers in India are-Bhilai, Durgapur, Bumpur, Jamshedpur, Rourkela, Bokaro which are situated in a region that spreads over four states-West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha and Chhattisgarh. Before independent, there was only (me iron and steel plant in the country-Tata Iron and Steel Company Limited (TISCO), in Jamshedpur. Pittsburgh is an important steel city of the United States of America.

(ii) Cotton Textile Industry: In India, the cotton textile industry is one of the oldest industries of the world. Today India, China, Japan and USA are important producers of cotton textiles. There are many important centres of cotton textile industries in India. Ahmedabad is the second largest textile city.in India after Mumbai. Osaka is an important textile centre of Japan.