RBSE Class 11 History Notes Chapter 9 The Industrial Revolution

These comprehensive RBSE Class 11 History Notes Chapter 9 The Industrial Revolution will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 11 History Chapter 9 Notes The Industrial Revolution

→ Industrial Revolution is one of the most influential revolutions in the history of the world.

→ Industrial Revolution began in England and later on spread in different parts of the world.

→ Industrial Revolution refers to the all that important developments and inventions that revolutionised the technique and organisation of production in the later half to the 18th century.

→ Political stability of 18th century England prepared the environment for setting up of industries in England.

→ Coal and iron ore available in abundance in England. Availability of such minerals further cemented the foundation of Industrial Revolution in England.

→ England was the first nation in the world where new scientific inventions took place. Several new machines which speeded up the production process were invented there.

→ England was both politically and economically a sound nation.

→ The Bank of England which was established in 1964 played a remarkable rate in bringing industrial process more rapidly.

 

→ Prior to Industrial Revolution, Agriculture Revolution laid down the foundation of this (Industrial Revolution) in England.

→ Vast domestic and international market controlled by England is also a cause of the origin of the Industrial Revolution in England.

→ Being an imperial power, England have already established a firm grip over the availability of raw-materials of Asian, African and European nations.

→ Industrial Revolution began with the onset of textile industry.

→ Flying shuttle was invented by John Kay in 1733. The invention of Flying shuttle revolutionised the whole textile process.

→ James Hargreaves was the inventor of Spinning Jenny.

→ Richard Arkwright further speeded up the process of industrialisation by inventing water frame in 1709. 

→ Samuel Crompton and Edmund Cartwright invented mule and powerloom, respectively in 1779 and 1785.

→ In the field of coal and Iron industries contribution of well known personality like Abraham Darby, John Wilkinson and Henry Count, etc., can not be forgotten.

→ Henry Bessemer invented the process of purifying iron in 1856.

→ Steam engine was developed by Thomas Newcomen in 1712. Further James Watt improved its model in 1769 by designing a new steam engine.

→ George Stephenson an English engineer who designed coal railway engine is rightly describe as “Father of Railway”.

→ Capital refers to the part of money that a capitalist or an industrialist invest for setting up some industry/factory for producing different goods or articles and earn profit from their selling.

→ Capitalism was an ideology preferring capitalists of 15th century. Private ownership and control on assets and manufacturing process in which profit motive prevail is called capitalism.

→ Mills refer to building fitted with machinery for manufacturing process/factory.

→ Policy of Protection is policy of tax holiday, tax exemption during gestation period etc., incentives given to new industries.

→ Machine Age, also refers to Age of Industrialisation in which machines were given priority over manual labour.

→ Orient-The countries to the east of the Mediterranean e.g., Asian continent and countries existed.

→ Proto-First or early form of something.

→ Stapler-A person who ‘staples’ or sorts wool according to quality of its fibre.

→ Fuller-A person who ‘fulls’ or gathers cloth by pleating.

→ Carding-A process prior to spinning cotton or wool.

→ Spinning Jenny-Spinning machine invented by James Hargreaves in 1764—capable to set in motion several spindles simultaneously and spin several threads at the same time. Sepoy—Indian soldier in the service of the British.

→ Fly Shuttle-First weaving machine for clothes with weft and wraps.

→ Tanning-Convert raw hid into leather by soaking in liquid containing tannic acid. Victorian Britain—Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria.

→ Vagrant-A person without a settled home or regular work.

→ Brewery-A place where beer etc., is brewed commercially (Brewing is a process of infusion, boiling and fermentation).

→ Some signs of progress in the Age of Industrialisation :

• Railways,
• Camera,
• Machines,
• Printing Press,
• Factory and
• Steam boats and ships.

→ Two early industrial towns of England :

• Lancashire and,
• Manchester.

→ Three important modern industries of England in early phase of Industrial Revolution:

• Cotton textile industry,
• Iron and steel industry,
• Railway industry.

→ James Watt—Inventor of steam engine (England, 1769).

→ Two decaying Indian cities and two growing Indian cities during the first half of 18th century:
Decaying cities were :

• Surat and
• Hoogly ;

Growing cities were :

• Bombay (now Mumbai) and
• Calcutta (now Kolkata).

→ Four main European groups of people :

• Portuguese, 
• Dutch,
• English and
• French.

→ The process of change that transformed Britain first, and then other countries from agricultural to industrial economics.

→ The Industrial Revolution began about 1750 when the agricultural revolution was well under way. Inventions were made in the textile industry made the production of cloth much fastor and they yarn produced of better quality.

→ These new machines required factories to house them, a first near rivers for water power and then, when the steam engine was invented, near coalfiedls.

→ England, an agriculutral country was now thrned into a manufacturing country. The production increased manifold. Things were available at cheaper rates. Improved methods of communication followed.

→ The economic progress and industrialisation of England influenced the social and cultural life of the people. It had far-reaching affects on the political history of England.