RBSE Class 11 History Notes Chapter 10 Displacing Indigenous Peoples

These comprehensive RBSE Class 11 History Notes Chapter 10 Displacing Indigenous Peoples will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 11 History Chapter 10 Notes Displacing Indigenous Peoples

→ 17th and 18th centuries saw the European nations such as Holland, England and France as an imperialist power and expanding their powers through colonisation in North America and Australia.

→ North America is extended from Arctic Circle to the Tropic of Cancer and from Pacific Ocean to Atlantic Ocean.

→ Arizona and Naveda are located in west of Northern America.

→ Mississippi Valley is its coast.

→ Inhabitants of North America come from Asia through strait of Bering about 30,000 years ago.

→ Climatic stability in the continent came in around 5,000 years ago. It resulted here population growth.

→ The inhabitants of North America used to live in groups before the advent of the European (their natives).

→ The inhabitants of the North America used to live in villages, along the river valleys. They used to grow maize and several kinds of vegetables. They also ate fish and meat.

→ The economy of North America was based on subsistence economy, which means the natives used to produce much as required for their satisfaction of basic necessities.

 

→ People spoke various languages, but none of them is available to us in written form.

→ People understood the concept of climate and nature and educated the other mass.

→ Each tribe maintained the accounts of his historical antecedents. Their historical knowledge was transmitted orally by one generation to other. 

→ The inhabitants were well aware about the technique of cloth weaving.

→ Christopher Columbus discovered the continent of America in 1492 followed by this the Spanish and the Portuguese began to establish their colonies there.

→ The news of discovery of gold and silver mines in America spread like a fire in forest. Followed by the mission of Columbus, a number of explorers discovered the different routes of America.

→ Canada came into existence at the end of 18th century.

→ England was the great imperialist power who had establish 13 colonies on the eastern coast of America.

→ The 13 colonies of Britain (England) in America declared a war on England in 1776 in order to secure independence.

→ The 13 colonies war of independence last for nearly 7 years and continued till 1783. The American frontiers reached to its logic limit in 1892.

→ In 1873 the invention of barbed wire proved a milestone in the development of agriculture in America.

→ In 1865, slavery was abolished. The American President Abraham Lincoln played a marvellous role in it.

→ The continent of Australia is situated far off and in isolation from other prevalence countries of the world.

→ The courageous explorer William Jansz of Dutch reached Australia in 1606. His route was followed by A. J. Tasman who named Tasmania on his name.

→ A.J. Tasman also discovered New Zealand.

→ James Cook an another British explorer discovered the island of Botany Bay in 1770 and named it New Southwales.

→ The natives of Australia, helped the Europeans wholy hearted. So their mutual relations were quite cordial.

→ The process of economic development enhanced with rearing of Marino sheep.

→ The mining industry also played a vital role in Australia’s economic prosperity.

→ In 1911, the capital of Australia ‘Canberra’ was established.

→ In 1974, the policy of multiculturalism was adopted in Australia followed in 1982 the USA government recognized the rights of natives.

→ Timeline of The Events

Quebec	American Colonies
1497 John Cabot reaches New foundland	1507 Amerigo de Vespucci's Travels published
1534 Jacques Cartier travels down the St. Lawrence river and meets native peoples	1607 British found the colony of Virginia
1608 French found the colony of Quebec	1620 British found Plymouth (in Massachusetts)

 

Canada	USA
1701 French treaty with natives of Quebec
1763 Quebec conquered by the British	1781 Britain recognises USA as an independent country.
1774 Quebec Act 1791 Canada Constitutional Act	1783 British give Mid-West to the USA
	1803 Lousiania purchased from France.
	1825-58 Natives in USA moved on reserves.
1837 French Canadian rebellion	1832 Justice Marshall’s judgement
1859 Canada Gold Rush	1861-65 American Civil War.
1867 Confederation of Canada	1865-90 American Indian Wars
1869-85 Red River Rebellion by the Metis in Canada.	1870 Transcontinental Railway
1876 Canada Indians Act	1890 Bisan almost exterminated in America.
1885 Transcontinental Railway links east and west coasts	1892 ‘End’ of American frontier

→ The Europeans Reach Australia

The Europeans Reach Australia
1606	Dutch travellers sight Australia.
1642	Tasman lands on the island later named Tasmania.
1770	James Cook reaches Botany Bay, named New South Wales.
1788	British penal colony formed. Sydney founded.

→ The Development of Australia

The Development of Australia
1850	Self-government granted to Australian colonies.
1851	Chinese coolie immigration. Stopped by law in 1855.
1851-1961	Gold rushes.
1901	Formation of Federation of Australia, with six states.
1911	Canberra established as capital.
1948-75	Two million Europeans migrate to Australia.
1974	‘White Australia’ policy ends, Asian immigrants allowed entry.
1992	The Australian High Court (in the Mabo case) declares that terra nullius was legally invalid, and recognised native claims to land from before 1770.
1995	The National Enquiry into the Separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Children from their Families.
1999	(26th May) ‘A National Sorry Day’ as apology for the children ‘lost’ from the 1820s to the 1970s.

→ Names given by Europeans to Countries of the ‘New World’

KEEP IN MIND
Names given by Europeans to Countries of the ‘New World’
‘America’	First used after the publication of the travels of Amerigo Vespucci (1451­1512)
‘Canada’	from kanata (= ‘village’ in the language of the Huron-Iroquois, as heard by the explorer Jacques Cartier in 1535).
‘’Australia’	Sixteenth-century name for land in the Great Southern Ocean (austral is Latin for ‘south’)
‘New Zealand’	Name given by Tasman of Holland, who was the first to sight these islands in 1642 (zee is Dutch for ‘sea’)

→ Names given by Europeans to Countries of the ‘New World’

Quebec	American Colonies
1497 John Cabot reaches Newfoundland	1507 Amerigo de Vespucci’s Travels published
1534 Jacques Cartier travels down the St Lawrence river and meets native peoples
1608 French found the colony of Quebec	1607 British found the colony of Virginia
	1620 British found Plymouth (in Massachusetts)

→ Names given by Europeans to Countries of the ‘New World’

Indians under British rule	Taxed arbitrarily; seen as not equal (rationalisation- not ready for responsibility of representative government)
Natives in America and Australia	not seen as citizens; not equal (rationalisation ‘primitive’ as in no settled agriculture, provision for the future, towns)
African slaves in America	Denied personal liberty; not equal (rationalisation- ‘Slavery is part of their own social system’, black people are inferior)