RBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Science Important Questions Chapter 16 Management of Natural Resources Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Important Questions Management of Natural Resources

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.    
Coliform bacteria is found -
(a) In human liver
(b) In human stomach
(c) In human intestine
(d) In human kidney
Answer:
(c) In human intestine

Question 2.    
In 1731 Khejrali village of Jodhpur, how many persons sacrificed their life in the protection of ‘Khejri’ trees?
(a) 363    
(b) 263
(c) 463    
(d) 563
Answer:
(a) 363    

Question 3.    
From where was the Chipko Andolan originated?
(a) In Delhi
(b) Tehri & Garhwal region
(c) In Jaipur    
(d) In Haridwar
Answer:
(b) Tehri & Garhwal region

Question 4.    
Which woman sacrificed the life for protecting the ‘Khejri’ trees in Khejrali village of Rajasthan?
(a) Megha Patekar
(b) Amrita Devi Bishnoi
(c) Sumitra Devi
(d) Kiran Bedi
Answer:
(b) Amrita Devi Bishnoi

Question 5.    
In Himachal Pradesh the old system of canal irrigation is -
(a) Kulh    
(b) Katts
(c) Bundhis    
(d) Ahars and Pynes.
Answer:
(a) Kulh    

Question 6.    
In which year was Tawa dam formed -
(a) In 1970    
(b) In 1971
(c) In 1972    
(d) In 1973
Answer:
(a) In 1970

Question 7.    
On which river was Tehri dam constructed ?
(a) Narmada    
(b) Yamuna
(c) Sarswati    
(d) Ganga
Answer: 
(d) Ganga

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
 Write the names of organisms responsible for biodiveristy.
 Answer: 
 The different forms of organisms, like - bacteria, fungi, fern, flowering plants, nematods, insects, birds, reptiles etc. are responsible for biodiverisity.

Question 2. 
In which year the Ganga action plan came?
Or
When was the Ganga action plan started to remove the water pollution of Ganga river?
Answer: 
In the year 1985.

Question 3. 
Why Ganga Action Plan was initiated?
Answer: 
In 1985 Ganga Action Plan was initiated because the quality of the water in Ganga was very poor.

Question 4. 
What are “biodiversity hotspots’’?
Answer: 
Forests are biodiversity hotspots.

Question 5. 
Write the full name of IUCN.
Answer: 
Full name of IUCN is international union for conservation of nature and natural resources.

Question 6. 
For which tree are Bishnois famous for its conservation.
Answer: 
Khejri tree.

Question 7. 
What is the base of biodiversity?
Answer: 
The number of different species found in a particular area in the base of biodiversity.

Question 8. 
Why reuse is better than recycle?
Answer: 
Reuse is better than recycling because the process of recycling uses some energy whereas in ‘reuse’ we simply use things again and again.

Question 9. 
From which large animals the conservation started?
Answer: 
Conservation started from large sized animals like lion, tiger, elephant and rhinos.

Question 10. 
For which purpose Amrita Devi Bishnoi the national award is given?
Answer: 
This award is given for organism conservation.

Question 11. 
What type of forests are present in the protected area of Himalaya national park?
Answer: 
In the protected area of Himalaya national park are alpine forests.

Question 12. 
Give any two examples of fossil fuel.
Answer: 

• Coal and 
• Petroleum.

Question 13. 
Write any three forest products, which are the base of any industry.
Answer: 

• Tendu leaves 
•  Paper 
• Lac.

Question 14. 
What is religious tenet part of Bishnoi community of Rajasthan?
Answer: 
The religious tenet part of Bishnoi community is the conservation of forest and animal conservation.

Question 15. 
Write the any two uses of water harvesting in a large dam.
Answer:

• Irrigation 
• Production 
• Electricity.

Question 16. 
Which canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan?
Answer: 
Indira Gandhi canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan.

Question 17. 
By which micro - bacteria has been the water of Ganga polluted?
Answer: 
By coliform bacteria.

Question 18.
Why more emphasis has been given on soil and water conservation in watershed management?
Answer: 
The emphasis has been given on soil and water conservation in watershed management, so that ‘biomass’ production may increase.

Question 19. 
By whom degradation the coal and petroleum are obtained?
Answer: 
Coal and petroleum are obtained from the degradation of bio - mass which were formed millions of years ago.

Question 20. 
How long will the resources of petroleum last?
Answer: 
The resources of petroleum may last upto coming 40 years.

Question 21. 
On burning of coal and petroleum which harmful gases are produced, write the names.
Answer: 
Carbon dioxide, 
Carbon monoxide, 
Nitrogen dioxide, 
Sulpher dioxide etc.

Question 22. 
What will happen if coal and petroleum are burnt in insufficient air (oxygen)?
Answer: 
Burning of coal and petroleum in insufficient air will produce toxic gas carbon monoxide instead of carbon dioxide.

Question 23. 
What will happen if the amount of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere?
Answer: 
If the amount of carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere then it will lead to intense global warming.

Question 24. 
Write the composition of coal.
Answer: 
Coal is made up of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulphur.

Question 25. 
What are the resources?
Answer: 
The element which complete the physical, economical and cultural needs of human are called resources.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Explain with example the people’s participation in forest management.
Answer: 
In 1972 the West Bengal Forest Department made a planning for reforestation in the degraded sal forests in the south western districts of the state, it was failed so the department changed its strategy, making a beginning in the Arabari forest range of Midnapore district. Here, at the instance of a far - seeing forest officer, A.K. Banerjee, villagers were involved in the protection of 1,272 hectares of badly degraded sal forest.

In return for help in protection, villagers were given employment in both silviculture and harvesting operations, 25 per cent of the final harvest, and allowed fuel - wood and fodder collection on payment of a nominal fee. With the active and willing participation of the local community, the sal forests of Arabari underwent a remarkable recovery - by 1983, a previously worthless forest was valued Rs. 12.5 crores.

Question 2. 
Write four advantages of conservation of water in the form of underground water.
Answer: 
Following are the four advantages of underground water -

1. It does not evaporate, but spread out nearyby.
2. It provides the moisture for vegetation over a wide area.
3. It does not provide breeding grounds for mosquitoes.
4. The ground water is also relatively protected from contamination by human and animal waste.

Question 3. 
Write a note on an overview of natural resources management.
Answer: 
Sustainable management of natural resources is a difficult task. In addressing this issue, we need to keep an open mind with regard to the interests of various stakeholders. We need to accept that people who will act with their own best interests as the priority.

But the realisation that such selfish goals will lead to misery for a large number of people and a total destruction of our environment is slowly growing. Going beyond laws, rules and regulations, we need to tailor our requirements, individually and collectively, so that the benefits of development reach everyone now and for all generations to come.

Question 4. 
Write a note on pollution of Ganga.
Answer: 
The Ganga runs its course of over 2500 km. from Gangotri in the Himalayas to Ganga Sagar in the Bay of Bengal. It is being turned into a drain by more than a hundred towns and cities in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal that pour their garbage and excreta into it. Largely untreated sewage is dumped into the Ganges every day.

In addition, think of the pollution caused by other human activities like bathing, washing of clothes and immersion of ashes or unbumt corpses. And then, industries contribute chemical effluents to the Ganga’s pollution load and the toxicity kills fish in large sections of the river.

Question 5. 
What is ‘Namami Gange Programme’? Explain.
Answer: 
Namami Gange Programme is an Integrated Conservation Mission approved as a Flagship Programme by the Union Government in June, 2014. It was launched to accomplish the twin Objectives of effective abatement of pollution conservation and rejuvenation of River Ganga. The National Mission for clean Ganga is the implementation wing set - up in October, 2016.

Question 6. 
What is social forestry?
Answer: 
Social forestry: 
By taking participation public help and their need a plan has been strated for conservation of forest which is called social forestry. In this programme planting and protecting the tree are included from which fuel wood, fodder for feeding the animals, timber wood and other forest products are obtained.

In this plan trees are planted at such places where land is not used for other purpose, like on margin of road and canals, train route, unfertile land etc. By the social forestry people get all the necessary things, in addition to this utilization of waste land, clean environment, getting employment and small scale industries develop.

Question 7. 
What do you understand by wild organisms?
Answer: 
Organisms (plants and animals) living collectively in the forest are called wild organisms. These organisms live away from the control and influence of human and reside in natural habitat. It is clear that these animals can’t be made pets.

Question 8. 
What contribution is given by plants to keep healthy and balanced environment?
Answer: 
Forests play a special role in balancing the nature. They are also important to maintain the life on earth. 
For example:

1. Plants maintain the balance of CO₂ and O₂. 
2. Check the evaporation of underground water and keep the atmospheric humidity,
3. Increase the soil fertility, 
4. Check the soil erosion and rapid run off water, 
5. Plants absorb the harmful gases, like CO₂, SO₂ and oxides of nitrogen and keep the clean and balanced environment.

In this way plants play an important role in keeping the healthy and balanced environment.

Question 9. 
What is green house effect?
Answer: 
CO₂ gas absorb the infrared rays of environment and again reflect or emits on the earth. By this there is an increase in earth’s high temperature. This process is called green house effect.

Question 10. 
Explain the concept of sustainable development.
Answer: 
The concepts of sustainable development encourages forms of growth that meet current basic human needs, while preserving the resources for the needs of future generations. Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.

Thus sustainable development implies a change in all aspects of life. It depends upon the willingness of the people to change their perception of the Socio - economic and environmental conditions around them, and the readiness of each individual to alter their present use of natural resources.

Question 11. 
Write in detail the use of natural resources.
Answer: 
Natural resources should be used in the following way -

1. By keeping ecological conditions in mind we must use the natural resources.
2. The use of renewable natural resources should be in such a'way that there may be possibilities to get again.
3. Use a little on necessity and in proper way the non - renewable natural resources, so that they may remain in nature for a long duration.
4. By the use of natural resources, others should not be caused loss or harm.

Using the natural resources should not think personally but should also be cared for future generation. We have not right to exploit these valuable resources completely. These resources are actually the gift of the nature and this is the asset for coming generation. So we should use these resources properly.

Question 12. 
What do you mean by wild life week? Explain.
Answer: 
Wild life week: 
Indian and State governments are doing the best efforts to provide protection to wild life by different ways. Every year from first October to seven October wild life week is organised in the whole country for taking public help and public movements to conserve the wild life. By this the awareness will be developed in all the persons. On the wild life week programme in all zoo of state, should be arranged the programme for giving knowledge about the life of these wild animals.

Question 13. 
“Forest is the resource for human” clearly explain.
Answer: 
Forest is a special resource, which is gifted by nature to human. These resources consist of plants and animals.
Forest maintains the balance in environment. From them human obtains the various products like food material, fuel wood, fibres, fruit, oil, indigo, condiments, gum, medicines, charcoal, rudraks, wax, lac and silk. Forest increases fertility of soil. It checks soil erosion and rapid flow of water. It provides food and shelter to wild organisms and conserve them. So we can say that forest is really the resource for human.

Question 14. 
Write a note on wild life conservation.
Answer: 
Wild life conservation:
There is a direct relation of wild life and human progress. So the conservation of wild animals is necessary due to the following reasons -

1. Wild animals play an important role in making an ecological balance.
2. The various products like leather, nail, teeth, horns are obtained from animals.
3. They are helpful in scientific research work.
4. They, are helpful in understanding the process of evolution.

Ways to conserve the wild animals -

1. Prohibition on unnecessary poaching of animals restriction on tree-destruction by laws, rules and increase in number of breeding organisms.
2. It is necessary to protect the shelter places for wild animals. For this purpose maximum wild life shelter places (sanctuaries), National parks and zoo should be established.
3. For increasing the population of breeding organisms, artificial man made conservation should be provided to them.
4. Keep the record of animals which are advancing towards extinction. The number of wild animals can be increased by providing an appropriate environment for breeding.
5. Wild animal awareness centres should be installed.

Question 15. 
Should traditional methods of forest use be restricted ?
Or
Is it right to forcefully stop the local residents' from entering the protected areas by the management policy?
Answer: 
Studies have shown that the prejudice against the traditional use of forest areas has no basis. Here is an example - The great Himalayan National Park contain within its reserved area, alpine meadows which were grazed by sheep in summer. Nomadic shepherds drove their flock up from the valleys every summer.

When this National Park was formed this practice put to an end. Now it is seen that without the regular grazing by sheep the grass first grow very tall and then falls over preventing fresh growth, therefore management of protected areas by keeping the local people out or by using force cannot possibly be successful in the long run.

Question 16. 
How should rain water be managed?
Answer: 
The management of rain water can be done in the following ways -

1. Rain water should be stored for supplying water.
2. To check the soil filling in natural lakes, swampy areas and ponds.
3. In hilly, parts and desert areas, rain water stored in canals should be used for the development of agriculture and forest.
   Example: Indira Gandhi Canal Project.
4. On hills for controlling the rain water small dams should be formed.

Question 17. 
Write any two reasons of green house effect.
Answer: 
Causes of green house effect:

1. Due to fire of jungle and cutting of forests and increase in the CO₂ quantity in atmosphere. This is the main reason of green house effect.
2. There is more consumption of fossil fule due to overpopulation and industria-lisation. By this CO₂ concentration conti-nuously going to increase in atmosphere and this increases the temperature of the earth.

Question 18. 
Write the ancient water harvesting system of the following states - 
(1) Rajasthan 
(2) Maharashtra 
(3) Jammu & Kashmir 
(4) Karnataka 
(5) Uttar Pradesh 
(6) Bihar 
(7) Himachal Pradesh 
(8) Tamil Nadu, 
(9) Kerala.
Answer:

Name of State	Ancient Water Harvesting System
1. Rajasthan	(i) Khadin (ii) Tanka (iii) Nadi
2. Maharashtra	(i) Bandharas (ii) Tal
3. Jammu & Kashmir	(i) Ponds (ii) Kul
4. Karnataka	Kattas
5. Uttar pradesh	Bundhis
6. Bihar	(i) Ahar (ii) Pynes
7. Himachal Pradesh	Kulh
8. Tamil Nadu	Eris (Tanks)
9. Kerala	Surangams

Question 19. 
There is a need to use the coal and petroleum resources judiciously. Why?
Answer: 
Coal Mid petroleum formed by biomass are limited. If we use them speedily, they will be exhausted. In addition to carbon they also contain hydrogen, nitrogen and sulpher. When they are burnt, carbon dioxide, water, oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulpher are formed. On burning in insufficient air (oxygen) carbon monoxides is form in place of carbon dioxide. Out of these products the oxides of nitrogen and sulpher and carbon monoxides are poisonous gases and carbon dioxide is a green house gas.

Coal and petroleum is the large store of carbon. If its all carbon is burnt, it will turn into carbon dioxide and the concentration of carbon    dixodie will increase in the atmosphere, by which there will be possibility of rapid global warming. So we should use these resources judiciously.

Question 20.  
Who is known as the ‘Waterman’? Tell about his contribution.
Answer: 
Dr. Rajendra Singh is known as the ‘waterman’ of India. Through traditional technology he has save thousands of purched villages and transform the lives of thousands of villagers in one of India’s most arid regions. Intwo decades of efforts of Dr. Rajendra Singh, 8,600 johads and other structures to collect water have been built in Rajasthan and water had been brought back to a 1,000 villages across the state. In 2015, he won the Stockholm Water Prize.

Question 21. 
What is Kulh? In which state this system is popular and describe in short its management.
Answer: 
Parts of Himachal Pradesh had evolved a local system of canal irrigation was called Kulhs over four hundred years ago. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man - made channels which flowed this water to numerous villages down the hillside. The management of the water flowing in these Kulhs was by common agreement among all the villages.

Interestingly, during the planting season, water was first used by the villages farthest away from the source of the Kulh, then by villages progressively higher up. These Kulhs were managed by two or three people who were paid by villagers. In addition to irrigation, water from these Kulhs also percolated into the soil and fed springs at various points. After the Kulhs were taken over by the irrigation department, most of them became defunct and there is no amicable sharing of water as before.

Question 22. 
What can be the alternative to the ‘mega - projects’ like dams?
Answer:
Ancient system of water harvesting can work as an alternative to the ‘mega - projects’ like dams. These communities have used hundreds of indigenous water saving methods to capture every trickle of water that had fallen on their land; dug small earthen dams, constructed dykes, sand and lime - stone reservoirs, set - up roof - top water collecting units. This has recharged groundwater level and even brought rivers back to life.

Question 23. 
What was the mismanagement in water management of Indira Gandhi canal? Explain.
Answer: 
The Indira Gandhi canal has brought greenery to considerable areas of Rajasthan. However, mismanagement of the water has largely led to the benefits being concerned by a few people. There is no equitable distribution of water, thus people close to the source grow water intensive crops like sugarcane and rice while people farther downstream do not get any water. The woes of these people who have been promised benefits which never arrived are added to the discontentment among the people who have been displaced by the building of the dam and its canal network.

Question 24. 
How did the British exploit the forests ruthlessly and due to no participation of local people in the management how biodiversity was destroyed? Explain.
Answer: 
After the British took control of the forests (which they exploited ruthlessly for their own purposes), these people were forced to depend on much smaller areas and forest resources started becoming over - exploited to some extent. The Forest Department in independent India took over from the British but local knowledge and local needs continued to be ignored in the management practices. Thus vast tracts of forests have been converted to monocultures of pine, teak or eucalyptus.

In order to plant these trees, huge areas are first cleared of all vegetation. This destroys a large amount of biodiversity in the area. Not only this, the varied needs of the local people - leaves for fodder, herbs for medicines, fruits and nuts for foodcan no longer be met from such forests. Such plantations are useful for the industries to access specific products and are an important source of revenue for the Forest Department.

Question 25. 
What are the benefits of using ancient water harvesting techniques?
Answer: 
Ancient water harvesting techniques are highly locale specific and the benefits are also localised. Giving people control over their local. water resources ensures that mismanagement and over-exploitation of these resources is reduced/removed.

Question 26. 
What is watershed management? Write its benefits.
Answer: 
Water harvesting management: 
Watershed management emphasises scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The aim is to develop primary resources of land and water to produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.

Benefits:
Watershed management not only increases the production and income of the watershed community, but also mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs. Various organisations have been working on rejuvenating ancient systems of water harvesting as an alternative to the ‘mega - projects’ like dams. These communities have used hundreds of indigenous water saving methods to capture every trickel of water that had fallen on their land; dug small pits and lakes, put in place simple watershed systems, built small earthen dams, constructed dykes, sand and limestone reservoirs, set up rooftop water collecting units. This has recharged groundwater levels and even brought rivers back to life.

Question 27. 
What is Khadins? How is it related to environment conservation?
Answer: 
Khadin is a traditional method of water harvesting, which is used in Rajasthan of India for agriculture.
By water harvesting of Khadin method, we can control drought problem because by this method water is conserved drop by drop. In this way the level of underground water is increased. A Khadin is designed to harvest surface for running off water for agriculture. Its main features is a very long (100 - 300 m) eastern embarkment built across the lower hill slopes lying below gravelly uplands.

Sluices and spillways allow excess water off to drain. In catchment area water flows from slopes to downward, they collect the water by making reservoir or dam. Some quantity of stored water by making wells passed inside the earth. Even on dryness of these reservoir there is enough moisture which is fit for agriculture purpose. 

Question 28. 
Write any four traditional method of water conservation.
Answer: 
For water conservation digging small ponds, building small earthen dams along the way of river collecting roof top water in tanks, forming lakes, by this underground water level may be increased.
The traditional methods of water conservation are as follows:

1. Kulh in Himachal Pradesh,
2. Khadin in Rajasthan, 
3. Eris in Tamil Nadu, 
4. Bandharas and Tals in Maharashtra.

Question 29. 
What do you understand about Coliform?    
Or
Presence of Coliform bacteria what it indicates?
Answer: 
Coliform is a group of bacteria, found in human intestines, whose presence in water indicates contamination by disease causing microorganisms.

Question 30. 
What are the measures to protect the wild resource?
Answer: 
The following measures are for the protection of wild resources - 

1. Restriction should be on tree cutting.
2. Only dry or severe diseased plant trees should be cut from the forest and in place of them new trees should be planted.
3. Awareness camp related to environment conservation should be organised.

Question 31. 
Write such three work by which we can conserve natural resources.
Answer: 
For conservation of natural resou-rces we can do following three works -

1. Reducing the emission of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
2. Protecting the water resources from pollution.
3. Conserving the forests. By conserving the forests balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide can be maintained in the atmosphere.

Question 32. 
Mention the problems caused by the construction of large dams.
Answer: 
By construction of large dams following problems can be faced :

1. Social problems which displace large number of peasants and tribals without adequate compensation or rehabilitation.
2. Environmental problems because they contribute enormously to deforestation and the loss of biological diversity.
3. Economic problems because they swallow up hudge amounts of public money without the generation of proportionate benefits.

Essay Type Questions

Question 1. 
In ancient India, how water management was done? What changes came later and what was their effect?
Answer: 
Irrigation methods like dams, tanks and canals have been used in various parts of India since ancient times. These were generally local invention managed by local poeple and assured that the basic minimum requirements for both agriculture and daily needs were me throughout the year. The use of the stored water was strictly regulated and optimum cropping pattern based on water availability were arrived at on the basis of decade/centuries of experience, the maintenance of these irrigation systems was also a local affair.

The arrival of the British changed these systems as it changed many other things. The conception of large-scale projects large dams and canals traversing large distances were first conceived and implemented by the British and carried on with no less gusto by our newly formed independent government. These mega - projects led to the neglect to the local irrigation methods and the government also increasingly look over the administration of these systems leading to the loss of control over tine local water sources by the local people.

Question 2. 
Write an article on ancient water harvesting systems.
Answer: 
Ancient water harvesting systems - 
Ancient water harvesting systems are very useful. However in previous few years we forget to them but now we have realised the importance of these. Various organisations have been working on rejuvenating ancient systems of water harvesting as an alternative to the mega - projects like dams. These communities have used hundreds of indegenous water saving methods to capture every trickle of water that had fallen on their land; dug small pits and lakes, put in place simple watershed systems, built small earthen dams, constructed dykes, sand and limestone reservoirs, set-up of rooftop water collecting units. This has recharged groundwater levels and even brought rivers back to life.

Water harvesting is an age-old concept in India. Khadins, tankas and nadis in Rajasthan, bandharas and tals in Maharashtra, bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, ahars and pynes in Bihar, kulhs in Himachal Pradesh, ponds in the Kandi belt of Jammu region, and eris (tanks) in Tamil Nadu, surangams in Kerala, and kattas in Karnataka are some of the ancient water harvesting, including water conveyance, structures still in use today.

Water harvesting techniques are highly local specific and the benefits are also localised. Giving people control over their local water resources ensures that mismanagement and over-exploitation of these resources is reduced/removed.

Question 3. 
What is Chipko Movement? Explain in detail.
Answer:
Chipko Movement: 
This movement originated in a remote village called Reni in Garhwal, high - up in the Himalayas during the early 1970s. The Chipko movement was the result of a grassroot level effort to end the alienation of people from their forests. The Himalayas during the eary 1970s. There was a dispute between the local villagers and a logging contractor who had been allowed to fell trees in a forest close to the village. On a particular day, the contractor’s workers appeared in the forest to cut the trees while the men folk were absent. Undeterred, the women of the village reached the forest quickly and clasped the tree trunks thus preventing the workers from felling the trees. Thus thwarted, the contractor had to withdraw. Inherent in such a competition to control a natural resource is the conservation of a replenishable resource. Specifically the method of use was being called into question. 

The contractor would have felled the trees, destroying them forever. The communities traditionally lop the branches and pluck the leaves, allowing the resource to replenish over time. The Chipko movement quickly spread across commu nities and media, and forced the government, to whom the forest belongs, to rethink their priorities in the use of forest produce. Experience has taught people that the destruction of forests affected not just the availability of forest products, but also the quality of soil and the sources of water. Participation of the local people can indeed lead to the efficient management of forests.

Question 4. 
To save the environment, what do you know about the five type R? Explain in brief.
Answer: 
To save the environment, the principle of five Rs  i.e., Refuse, Reduce, Recycle, Reuse and Repurpose is adopted.
(i) Refuse: 
This means to say NO to things people offer you that you don’t need. Refuse to buy products that can harm you and the environement, say NO to single use plastic carry bags.

(ii) Reduce: 
This means that you use less. You save electricity by switching off unnecessary lights, fans, bulb, television. You save water by repairing leaky taps. You do not waste food.

(iii) Recycle: 
This means that you collect plastic, paper, glass and metal items and recylce these materials to make required things instead of synthesising or extracting fresh plastic, paper, glass or metal. In order to recycle, we first need to segregate our wastes so that the material that can be recycled is not dumped along with other wastes.

(iv) Reuse: 
This is actually even better than recycling because the process of recycling uses some energy. In the ‘reuse’ strategy, you simply use things again and again. Instead of throwing away used envelopes, you can reverse it and use it again. The plastic bottles in which you buy various food-items like jam or pickle can be used for storing things in the kitchen.

(v) Repurpose: 
This means when a product can no more be used for the original purpose, think carefully and use it for some other useful purpose. For example, cracked crockery, or cups with broken handles can be used to grow small plants and as feeding vessels for birds.

Question 5. 
“We need to manage our resources.” Explain.
Answer: 
Need to manage our resources: We need too much to manage our resources because not just roads and buildings but all the things we use or consume - food, clothes, books, toys, furniture, tools and vehicles are obtained from resources on this earth. The only thing we get from outside is energy which we receive from the Sun. Even this energy is processed by living organisms and various physical and chemical processes on the earth before we make use of it.

Why do we need to use our resources carefully? Because these are not unlimited and with the human population increasing at a tremendous rate due to improvement in health - care, the demand for all resources is increasing at an exponential rate. The management of natural resources requires a long - term perspective so that these will last for the generations to come and will not merely be exploited to the hilt for short term gains. This management should also ensure equitable distribution of resources so that all, and not just a handful of rich and powerful people, benfit from the development of these resources.

Another factor to be considered while we exploit these natural resources is the damage we cause to the environment while these resources are either extracted or used. For example, mining causes pollution because of the large amount of slag which is discarded for every tonne of metal extracted. Hence, sustainable natural resource management demands that we plan for the safe disposal of these wastes too.

Question 6. 
What is Ganga action plan?
Answer. 
Ganga action plan: The Ganga runs its course of over 2500 km from Gangotri in the Himalayas to Ganga Sagar in the Bay of Bengal. It passes through more than a hundred cities of different states. The sewege and industrial wastes of these cities and towns is dumped into Ganga and this river being turned into a drain. The main pollution of Ganga river is - 

1. Industrial wastes, 
2. Untreated sewage, 
3. Dumping of dead bodies, burning at banks and dumping the bones of dead bodies, 
4. Human and animals bathing, 
5. Dumping of images and domestic wastes and detergents.

Due to these reasons the quality of the water in Ganga becomes poor. So in the year 1985 to again return in natural form Ganga action plan was strated. For this project multi - crores of budget has been allotted.