RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 1 The Story of Village Palampur

RBSE Class 9 Social Science The Story of Village Palampur InText Questions and Answers

Page No. 3

Question 1. 
The following Table 1.1 shows the land under cultivation in India in units of million hectares. Plot this on the graph provided. What does the graph show? 
Answer:    
Cultivated area over the years

Years	Cultivated Area (Million Hectare)
1950-51	129
1990-91	157
2000-01	156
2010-11 (P)	156
2011-12 (P)	156
2012-13 (P)	155
2013-14 (P)	156
2014-15 (P)	155

2014-15 (P)    155
P = Provisional data
Source : Pocket book of agriculture statistics 2017, Directorate of Economics & Statistics Department of Agriculture, Cooperation of farmers welfare

Answer:
The graph shows that the land under cultivation in India was 129 million hectares in 1950 which rose to 157 million hectares in 1990. It was 156 million hectares in 2000-01 and remained same in 2010-11, 2011-12 and 2013-14 and hovering around 155 million hectares till 2014-15.

Page No. 4

Question 2.
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer: 
Yes, it is important to increase the land under irrigation so that the farmers can do multiple cropping and can increase their production and income.

Let's Discuss

Question 3.
What is the difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method?
Answer: 
Difference between multiple cropping and modem farming method :

Modern Cropping

Modern Cropping	Multiple Cropping
(i) Under multiple cropping more than one crop is grown on a piece of land during a year.	Under this crop production is increased by using modern implements such as HYVs seeds.
(ii) It is a natural way of increasing production.	It is scientific way to increase crop production.
(iii) is used by poor farmers as it does not need advanced inputs	It is practised by rich farmers as advanced inputs are required for it.

Question 4.
The following table shows the production of wheat and pulses in India after the Green Revolution in units of million tonnes. Plot this on a graph. Was the Green Revolution equally successful for both the crops? Discuss.
Production of pulses and wheat ( Million Tonnes)

Year	Production of Pulses	Production of Wheat
1965-66	10	10
1970-71	12	24
1980-81	11	36
1990-91	14	55
2000-01	11	70
2010-11	18	87
2012-13	18	94
2013-14	19	96
2014-15	17	87
2015-16	17	94
2016-17	23	99
2017-18	24	97

Source : Department of Agriculture, Cooperation and Farmers welfare, as on February, 2018
Answer:

Between 1965 and 2001, the production of pulses has increased at a slower rate while the production of wheat increased substantially. Thus, the Green Revolution was more successful in increasing the production of wheat as compared to pulses.

Question 5.
What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods?
Answer: 
The working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods are: tube-wells for irrigation, use of HW seeds, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. So, large working capital is required by the farmar using modern farming methods.

Question 6.
Modern farming methods require the farmer to start with more cash than before. Why?
Answer:
 Modern farming methods require the combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides, etc. Farm machinery like tractors and threshers has made ploughing and harvesting faster. However, for buying all these inputs, a farmer requires more cash than before as these equipments are expensive.

Suggested Activity 

Question 7.
During your field visit talk to some farmers of your region. Find out:
(i) What kind of farming methods- modem or traditional or mixed- do the farmers use? Write a note.
Answer: 
In India, farmers uses mixed methods. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh use modem farming methods like HYV Seeds, chemical, tube wells, modem equipments etc. Small and marginal farmers still use traditional methods of cultivation.

(ii) What are the sources of irrigation?
Answer: 
A majority of the farmers in India continue to depend on monsoon as a source of irrigation. Other sources are tube well, canals, river etc.

(iii) How much of the cultivated land is irrigated? (very little / nearly half! majority I all)
Answer: 
Nearly half

(iv) From where do farmers obtain the inputs that they require?
Answer: 
Farmers obtain the equipped inputs from the traders of the city.

Page No. 7

Question 8.
Would you agree that the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur? Do you find a similar situation for India? Explain.
Answer: 
Yes, the distribution of cultivated land is unequal in Palampur because about one third of the 450 families are landless. 240 families cultivate small plots of land which is less than 2 hectares in size and remaining 60 families cultivate more than 2 hectares of land. A few of the large farmers cultivate 10 hectares of land or more. 80 per cent of the small farmers cultivate only 36 per cent of the cultivated area while 20 per cent of the farmers cultivate 64 per cent of the cultivated area.

Let's Discuss

Question 9.
Let us take three farmers. Each has grown wheat on his field though the production is different (see Column 2). The consumption of wheat by each farmer family is the same (Column 3). The whole of surplus wheat this year is used as capital for next year’s production. Also suppose, production is twice the capital used in production. Complete the tables.
Farmer 1

Year	Production	Consumption	Surplus = Production - Consumption	Capital for the next year
Year 1	100	40	60	60
Year 2	120	40	80	80
Year 3	160	40	120	120

 

Farmer 2

Year	Production	Consumption	Surplus = Production - Consumption	Capital for the next year
Year 1	80	40	40	40
Year 2	80	40	40	40
Year 3	80	40	40	40

 

Farmer 3

Year	Production	Consumption	Surplus = Production	Capital for the next year
Year 1	60	40	20	20
Year 2	40	40	00	00
Year 3	00	40	-10	-40

Question 10.
Compare the production of wheat by the three farmers over the years. 
Answer: Production of wheat by the three farmers over the years :

Year	Farmer 1	Farmer 2	Farmer 3
1	100	80	60
2	120	80	40
3	160	80	00

The production of wheat for Fanner 1 has increased from 100 to 160. It remained constant at 80 for Farmer 2 and declined from 60 to 00 for Farmer 3.

Question 11.
What happens to Farmer 3 in Year 3 ? Can he continue production? What will he have to do to continue production?
Answer: 
In Year 3, the Farmer 3 did not produce any wheat. He cannot continue production any longer unless he arranges for capital as he has no surplus.

Let's Discuss

Question 12.
What capital did Mishrilal need to set up at his jaggery manufacturing unit? Answer: To set up his manufacturing unit, Mishrilal needed the following capital:

1. Fixed Capital in the form of sugarcane crushing machine.
2. Working Capital for buying raw material.

Question 13.
Who provides the labour in this case?
Answer: 
The labour is provided by Mishrilal himself or he will employ landless labourers.

Question 14.
Can you guess why Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit?
Answer: Mishrilal is unable to increase his profit because :

1. He has set up a small-scale unit.
2. He has to pay for the electricity bill to run the machine.
3. Production is also less due to small-scale unit.

Question 15.
Could you think of any reasons when he might face a loss?
Answer: 
Conditions under which he may face a loss are as follows :

1. If his crushing machine becomes defective.
2. If the demand for jaggery decreases.
3. If the explicit cost of production increases.

Question 16.
Why does Mishrilal sell his jaggery to traders in Shahpur and not in his village?
Answer: 
Palampur is a village with 450 families having no big demand for jaggery. Shahpur is a town where people come from different places, thus, more demand of jaggery is there. For this reason, Mishrilal sell his jaggery to trader in Shahpur and not in his village.

Question 17.
In what ways is Kareem’s capital and labour different from Mishrilal’s? 
Answer:
Kareem has large fixed capital than Mishrilal in the form of computers which are more expensive as compared to sugarcane crushing machine. Kareem has skilled labour whereas Mishrilal has unskilled labour.

Question 18.
Why didn’t someone start a computer centre earlier? Discuss the possible reasons.
Answer: 
Reasons for why someone didn’t start a computer centre earlier are stated below :

1. The reach of computer to villages is at a slower pace.
2. Villagers were not aware of the employment potential of computer courses.
3. Buying computer is expensive so they might not be interested in buying it. 

Let's Discuss

Question 19.
What is Kishora’s fixed capital?
Answer: 
Kishora’s fixed capital includes buffalo and the wooden cart.

Question 20.
What do you think would be his working capital?
Answer: 
Kishora’s working capital is in the form of money. He earns by selling buffalo’s milk and transporting goods.

Question 21.
In how many production activities is Kishora involved?
Answer: Kishora is involved in following production activities :

1. Selling of buffalo’s milk.
2. Transportation of goods.
3. Bringing clay from the river Ganga for the potter.
4.  

Question 22.
Would you say that Kishora has benefitted from better roads in Palampur? 
Answer: Better roads provides smoother transportation services, thus, Kishora has benefitted from better roads in Palampur. He can now reach the city faster to sell his milk and there are less chances of milk getting spoiled.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science The Story of Village Palampur Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.    
Every village in India is surveyed once in ten years during the Census and some of details are presented in the following format. Fill up the following based on information on Palampur.
(a) Location:
Answer: Palampur, a small village near Raiganj, a big village and shahpur a small town.

(b) Total Area of the Village:
Answer: 226 hectares

(c) Land Use (in hectares) :
Answer:

Cultivated Land		Land not available for Cultivation (Area covering dwellings, roads, ponds, grazing ground)
Irrigated	Unirrigated
200 hectares	Nil	26 hectares

(d) Facilities: 
Answer:

Educational	Two primary schools and one high school
Medical	One primary health centre run by the government and one private dispensary
Market	Raiganj and Shahpur
Electricity Supply	Most of the houses have electric connections
Communication	Well-developed system of roads and transportation
Nearest Town	Shahpur

Question 2.    
Modern farming methods require more inputs which are manufactured in industry. Do you agree?
Answer:
Yes, it is true that modem farming method require more inputs which are manufactured in industry.

1. This method of farming involves the combination of high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds, chemical fertilisers, pesticides, etc. for higher production.
2. Farmers use farm machinery such as tractors and threshers which make ploughing and harvesting faster. All these elements are manufactured in industry.

Question 3.    
How did the spread of electricity help farmers in Palampur?
Answer: 
Electricity came early to Palampur. The major impact of electricity was to transform the system of irrigation in Palampur. Persian wheels were, till then used by farmers to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields. People saw that the electric- run tubewells could irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively. The first few tubewells were installed by government soon, farmers started setting up private tubewells. By mid-1970s the entire cultivated area of 200 hectares was irrigated in Palampur through electric-run tube-wells.

Question 4.    
Is it important to increase the area under irrigation? Why?
Answer:
Yes, it is important to increase the area under irrigation for the reasons mention below:

1. Through irrigation, crops can be grown even in diy regions. The modem high yielding varieties (HYV) of seeds need plenty of water along with fertilisers and pesticides.
2. The amount of production can also be increased lasing a well-developed system of irrigation as the arrival and departure of monsoon is uncertain in India.
3. It will be possible for the farmer to carry multiple cropping in the same field with the availability of good irrigation system.
4. It also helps to increase the yield per hectare of land.

Question 5.    
Construct a table on the distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur.
Answer: 
Distribution of land among the 450 families of Palampur 

Total Families	450 Families
Families with no land (All Dalits)	150 Families
Families with land less than 2 hectares	240 Families
Families with land more than 2 hectare	60 Families

 

Question 6.    
Why are the wages for farm labourers in Palampur less than minimum wages?
Answer: 
The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government in Palampur is 115-Rupees1 (April 2011) per day, but they get only 80 Rupees2. The wages for farm labourers in Palampur is less than minimum wages because there is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages. 

Question 7.    
In your region, talk to two labourers. Choose either farm labourers or labourers working at construction sites. What wages do they get? Are they paid in cash or kind? Do they get work regularly? Are they in debt?
Answer: 
In our region, I talked to two labourers Kamla and Hari Om Prakash. They both are labourers working as casual labourers at a construction site. They get Rupees 70 per day for providing their labour services. They are paid in cash. As they are casual labourers, they do not get work regularly. Therefore, for meeting their day to day expenses they have to borrow money from informal sources due to which they always remain in debt.

Question 8.    
What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain.
Answer: 
The different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land are :
(i) Multiple Cropping—To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping.
(a) It increases the yield on a given piece of land.
(b) For example:during the rainy season (kharif), farmers grow jowar and bajra. Potato is cultivated in between October and December. In the winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. A part of land is devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once a year.
(c) With the availability of well-developed irrigation system, farmers grow three different crops in a year in Palampur.

(ii) Modern Farming Methods—In this type of farming, high yielding of (HYVs) seeds are used.
(a) As a result, same piece of land can produce much larger quantities of food grains.
(b) For example : The traditional seeds with lower yields are transformed to high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. The chemical fertilisers and pesticides are used instead of natural manures.
(c) Machines are used like tractors and threshers which made ploughing and harvesting faster.

Question 9.    
Describe the work of a farmer with 1 hectare of land.
Answer:

A farmer with 1 hectare of land shall put under the category of small farmer.

1. Most of the work would be done by the farmer and his family members.
2. Since a small farmer lacks adequate working capital. The farmer will normally use a pair bullocks to plough the field instead of using the modern farming methods.
3. Latest irrigation facilities are also not used by him so he depends upon monsoon for irrigating his field.
4. Further his family members would assist him in sowing the seeds and harvesting the crop.
5. The size of the plot is only one hectare so the crop is majorly used for his self consumption.

Question 10.
How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers?
Answer: 
The modem farming methods require a great deal of capital so that the farmer now needs more money than before. 

1. Medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming from their savings or from banks as loan at reasonable rate of interest.
2. In contrast to the medium and large farmers, most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow money from large farmers and moneylenders at a higher rate of interest. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.
3. Therefore, capital too is a scarce factor of production particularly for the small farmers and more comfortable to obtain for large farmers.

Question 11. 
On what terms did Savita get a loan from Tejpal Singh? Would Savita’s condition be different if she could get a loan from the bank at a low rate of interest?
Answer: 
Tejpal Singh agrees to give Savita the loan at an interest rate of 24 per cent for four months. It is very high rate of interst. Savita also has promised to work on Tejpals’ field as a farm labourer during the harvest season at Rs 35 per day.
Savita’s condition would have been better if she could get a loan from the bank. The bank would have provided her the loan at a low rate of interest. Moreover, Savita could have devoted more time on her own field instead of working for Tejpal Singh as a farm labourer.

Question 12.    
Talk to some old residents in your region and write a short report on the changes in irrigation and changes in production methods during the last 30 years. (Optional)
Answer: 
On talking to some old residents in my region regarding the changes in irrigation and production methods during the last 30 years following information has been deduced :

(i) Changes in irrigation method :
(a)Earlier farmers were dependent upon monsoon for irrigating their fields which is uncertain. But after a period of time Persian wheels were used to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields.

(b) Due to well developed system of irrigation such as electric-run tube-wells and pump-sets, farmers are able to grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year with regular supply of water to fields.

(ii) Change in production method :
(a) Traditionally, farmers use bullocks to plough their fields which were a
very difficult and time consuming process.    .

(b)They use natural manure for fertilisation.

(c) However, with the introduction of the Green Revolution in the late 1960s the traditional seeds have been transformed to high yielding varieties (HYVs) of seeds. Chemical fertilisers, pesticides and modern machinery like tractors and threshers have led to an increase in yield per hectare.

Question 13.    
What are the non-farm production activities taking place in your region? Make a short list.
Answer: 
Following are the non-farming production activities taking place in our region :

1. Dairy is a common activity in many families.
2. Small scale manufacturing is also being done by some people in their homes or in the field like the production of jaggery by Mishrilal. 
3. There are shopkeepers and traders who buy various goods from the wholesale market in the cities and sell them in the villages.
4. A few of the families whose houses are close to the bus stand have used a part of the space to open small shops. They sell eatables.
5. Some people are engaged in providing transportation services which carry people and goods from one place to another in different type of vehicles.

Question 14. 
What can be done so that more non-farm production activities can be started in villages?
Answer: 
Only 25 per cent people working in Palampur are engaged in non-farm activities. Following steps can be taken so that more non-farm production activities started in villages:

1. The government should set up such schemes where landless labourers and small farmers can get loans at a lower rate of interest so that they can start their small individual/community businesses.
2. In addition to financial assistance, the government should set up rural workshops and vocational courses to enable the villagers to build on their skill levels.
3. Government should run employment generation schemes for youth in the.villages.
4. In rural areas small scale industries can be set up.
5. The government should improve infrastructure like electricity supply, transportation facilities and selling of locally manufactured goods of the villagers in the cities.