RBSE Solutions for Class 7 Our Rajasthan Chapter 8 Social and Educational Reforms in Rajasthan Before Independence

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 7 Our Rajasthan Chapter 8 Social and Educational Reforms in Rajasthan Before Independence Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 7 Our Rajasthan Solutions Chapter 8 Social and Educational Reforms in Rajasthan Before Independence

RBSE Class 7 Our Rajasthan Social and Educational Reforms in Rajasthan Before Independence Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Write the correct option of the following question in the given bracket

1. Which social evils were prevalent in Rajasthan before independence:
(a) Satiprath
(b) Witch practice
(c) Child marriage
(d) All of the above 
Answer:
(d) All of the above 

2. Where was the first school for modem education opened in 1819?
(a) Jaipur
(b) Ajmer
(c) Udaipur         
(d) Jodhpur
Answer:
(b) Ajmer

II. Match the following:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
Slavery	Udaipur
Anuita Devi	Ajmer
Mayo College	Evil Practice
Vidya Bhawan	Khejarli Movement

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
Slavery	Evil Practice
Anuita Devi	Khejarli Movement
Mayo College	Ajmer
Vidya Bhawan	Udaipur

III. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
For what purpose was the Vanasthali Vidyapeeth established?
Answer:
The Purpose of establishing Vanasthali Vidyapeeth has been to develop a personality that expresses the spirit of East and West and the coordination of scientific achievement.

Question 2.
Tell the reason behind the closing down of schools opened in the name of modern education.
Answer:
Christianity was being propagated in schools opened in the name of modem education, so these was opposition to the teaching of Christianity. As a result, these schools were closed.

IV. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about the biography of Nana Bhai, Senga Bhai and Kalibai.
Answer:
Nana Bhai Khat was the director of the school in Dungarpur, Sanga Bhai was a teacher in the same school, while Kalibai was a 13-year-old Bhil girl from Dungarpur village. Public awareness work was being done by the school, which Maharawal did not like. Therefore, he sent magistrate and police to dose the school. The police asked Nana Bhai to dose the school, he was shot at his refusal, while Senga Bhai was beaten and tied behind the car with a Daantli (sharp edged weapon). Nobody resisted but the girl Kalibai who was coming from the field to cute grass, she showed courage and toothed the rope of Senga Bhai. Seeing this, the police fired indiscriminate bullets on the young girl. Kalibai became a martyre while protecting her master. Thus, Naha Bhai’s courage, Senga Bhai’s' tolerance and Kalibai’s renuntiation set an example of dedication and played an important role in strengthening the education.

Question 2.
What is child marriage? Explain.
Answer:
Child Marriage: Marriage of under age girls and boys and the practice of marrying immature girls to men of older age and were two evil practices prevalent in society. This had an adverse effect on the physical and mental health of girls and boys, which was not appropriate for a developing society.

Swami Dayanand Saraswati raised his voice to stop evil practices like child marriage and misalliance. The princely state of Alwar made the child marriage and misalliance prohibition law on 10th December, 1903. At the Indian level, the law relating to the prohibition of child marriage was first passed in 1929. It was amended in 1949,1978 and 2006. Currently, the minimum age of girls for marriage is 18 years and that of boys is 21 years.

RBSE Class 7 Our Rajasthan Social and Educational Reforms in Rajasthan Before Independence Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The effect of British rule in Rajasthan was from:
(a) 1818 to 1947
(b) 1857 to 1947
(c) 1915 to 1947
(d) 1935 to 1943
Answer:
(a) 1818 to 1947

2. When did Lord William Bentinck made a law to declare the Satipratha illegal?
(a) In 1818 AD
(b) In 1829 AD
(c) In 1832 AD
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) In 1829 AD

3. In which state of Rajasthan did female infanticide declare illegal for the first time?
(a) Kota
(b) Bikaner
(c) Jodhpur
(d) Alwar
Answer:
(a) Kota

4. Which act did the British try to put an end in 1833 AD?
(a) Female Infanticide
(b) Satipratha
(c) Charter Act
(d) Witch Practice
Answer:
(c) Charter Act

Fill in the blanks

1. From ............ there has been importance of education in the Indian society.
2. In ............ English was declared the state language.
3. ............ were opened, for public awareness, by the Seva Sanga in Dungarpur state.
4. Born on 10 March 1905,................. was famous as a social worker.

Answer:
1. In ancient times,
2. 1835 AD,
3. Schools,
4. Mama Baleshwar Dayal

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What kind of caste pattern existed in ancient times?
Answer:
In ancient times, the caste system was based on class system (vama vyavastha) existed in the society, which was a positive system based on divisions of work and labour.

Question 2.
Why could the British govern­ment not interfere in the social and religious matters of the Indian public?
Answer:
The British government could not interfere with the religious and social matters of the people due to its policy of non­interference.

Question 3.
Which Muslim rulers also tried to stop the practice of Sati?
Answer:
Muhammad Bin Tughlaq and Akbar also tried to stop the practice of Sati Pratha during the medieval period.

Question 4.
Where was the witch practice more prevalent?
Answer:
This practice was more prevalent in the states of Mewar and Kota.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Review the status of education in Rajasthan and the steps taken towards improvement.
Answer:
Education passed through various phases in Rajasthan. The British Empire addressed education as indigenous education before the 19th century. After this, education was addressed as English education, Western Education or Modern Education. In this way, in 19 century, on the one hand, we see the traditional aspect of education while on the other hand we see the influence of English education.

A school for modern education was opened in Ajmer in 1819. Following this, schools were opened in Bhinay and Kekri.

In 1835 AD English was declared the state language. Hence, the influence of English education system increased. As a result, English educational system adopted schools, began to open in the princely state.

In the year 1872, Mayo College was established in Ajmer by the name of Viceroy Lord Mayo, for the purpose of making separate arrangements for English education of Rajput rulers, rulers of the princely states, princes and sons of the feudal lords. Its first session started in 1875-76. Pandit Janardan Rai Nagar established the Rajasthan Vidyapeeth Institution, on 21st August 1937, for the purpose of, “education for all”.

Question 2.
Explain the efforts made for Women education in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The missionary institution and women’s vernacular school started in 1861 AD. The government opened the first government girls school, in 1866 AD, in the union territories of Pushkar, Ajmer and Merwara. Efforts were made to encourage women’s education; as a result, girls school were opened in the princely states of Udaipur, Jaipur, Bharatpur, Alwar, Kota, Jhalawar, Tonk, Bikaner etc. princely states.

Hiralal Shastri established the Vanasthali Vidyapeeth with his wife for the promotion of women education. Ratan Shastri is known for her notable contribution for women education. She was given a number of awards for doing praiseworthy work in the field of education for women and children. Main awards are; The Padmashree, Padma Bhushan and Jamnalal Bajaj Award.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Mention the social evils prevailing in Rajasthan before independence.
Answer:
The social evils prevailing in Rajasthan before independence are sati pratha, female infanticide, child marriage and marriage, slavery, witch practice etc. Following are the introduction of these evil practices:

1. Sati Pratha: Sati Pratha is a practice where a recently widowed women immolates herself on her deceased husband’s pyre. During the British period, encouraged by the efforts of Raja Ram Mohan Roy, Lord William Bentinck, made a law in 1829 AD to declare the Satipratha illegal. After this, laws to abolish the Satipratha, were also made in Kota, Jaipur and Mewar.

2. Female Infanticide: The practice of female infanticide was also in full swing, people used to kill girls as soon as they were born. Female infanticide was declared illegal for the first time in the state of Kota in Rajasthan. After this, the states of Bikaner, Jodhpur, Jaipur, Udaipur and Alwar also declared this practice illegal.

3. Child Marriage and Misalliance Prohibition Law: Marriage of under age girls and boys and the practice of marrying immature girls to men of older age and were two evil practices prevalent in the society. This had an adverse effect on the physical and mental health of girls and boys, which was not appropriate for a developing society. Swami Dayanand Saraswati raised his voice to stop evil practices like child marriage and misalliance. The princely state of Alwar made the child marriage and misalliance prohibition law on 10th December, 1903.

4. Abolition of Slavery: Slavery has existed in India since ancient times. Rajasthan too was not unaffected by this. This practice got an impetus on the arrival of the Mughal. The prestige and pride of a family or clan was assessed on the basis of the number of slaves. These slaves lived with the rulers feudal lords and wealthy for their service “and attendance. Their social condition was not good. This custom could be understood as the servant or agricultural labour. The British tried to put an end to this through the Charter Act of 1833 AD.

5. Witch Practice: In some Castes of Rajasthan, there was the evil practice of alleging women as witch and killing them. This was based on superstition This practice was more prevalent in the States of Mewar and Kota. In the year 1853, when A.G.G. Rajputana heard about this, he pressurized the riders of the princely states to make a law to ban it. Some princely states declared this practice illegal.

Question 2.
Before independence, introduce chief public leaders who have done social and education reforms in Rajasthan.
Answer:
There have been such public leaders in the land of Rajasthan who, not only contributed in the freedom struggle, but also, worked for the eradication of evils prevailed in the society along with making special efforts for women education.
Some of them are as follows :

1. Bhogilal Pandya: Bhogilal Pandya is known by the name of “ Maseeha of the tribals” and “Gandhi of Bagar”. He was bom in Dungarpur in 1904. He established schools for the children and adults. The schools later became popular as ‘Bagadseva Mandir’.

2. Name Bhai Khat (Bhil), Senga Bhai, Kalibai: Nana Bhai Khat was the director of the school in Dungarpur; Sanga Bhai was a teacher in the same school, while Kalibai was a 13-year-old Bhil girl from Dungarpur village. Public awareness work was being done by the school, which Maharawal did not like. Therefore, he sent magistrate and police to close the school. The police asked Nana Bhai to close the school, he was shot at his refusal while Senga Bhai was beaten and tied behind the car with a Daantli (sharp edged weapon). Nobody resisted but the girl Kalibai who was coming from the field to cut grass, she showed courage and toothed the rope of Senga Bhai. Seeing this, the police fired indiscriminate bullets on the young girl. Kalibai became a martyr while protecting her master. Thus, NanaBhai’s courage, Senga Bhai’s tolerance and Kalibai’s renunciation set an example of dedication and played an important role in strengthening the education.

3. Kami Singh: Maharaja Kami Singh of the princely state of Bikaner, was born in 1924. He did praiseworthy work for women education. He encouraged shooting and sports for the promotion of co-curricular activities and also started scholarship.

4. Hiralal Shastri: Hiralal Shastri was born in a farmer family, on 24th November 1899, in Jobner (Jaipur). From the very beginning, the spirit of social service was in his mind, so he give up the service of Jaipur state. In 1929 he chose the backward and remote village of Banasthali as his work area. Here, he established an institution by the name of‘Jeevan kutir’ where dedicated social rural workers were given employment and training for the upliftment of rural areas. Later oh he became active in the Praja Mandal. He was the first chief minister of Jaipur state in 1948 and of Rajasthan on 30 March, 1949. He established the Vanasthali Vidyapeeth with his wife for the promotion of women education.

5. Ratan Shastri: Ratan Shastri is known for her notable contribution for women education. She established the Banasthali Vidyapeeth. She was given a number of awards for doing praiseworthy work in the field of education for women and children. Main awards are; The Padmashree, Padma Bhushan and Jamnalal Bajaj award.

6. Kishori Devi s Kishori Devi was a freedom fighter and a social worker. She was born in Dularo ka Baas in Jhunjhunu district, in 1938, her husband Shri Sardar Harlal Singh was implicated in a false trial and put into prison by the jagirdar there. Kishori Devi started a movement against this. She started a Satyagraha in Jaipur by forming groups of women. She participated in the freedom movement and social reforms for the upliftment of women.

7. Mama Baleshwar Dayal: Born on 10 March, 1905, Mama Baleshwar Dayal was famous as a social worker. He worked for the Bhil tribe specially for the people of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh. For this he started the ‘Jal, Jungle & Jameen’ (water, forest and land) movement.