RBSE Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 6 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Rural Livelihoods

RBSE Class 6 Social Science Rural Livelihoods InText Questions and Answers

Page 67

Question 1. 
Describe the work that you see people doing in the above pictures?
Answer: 
We see the people are engaged in different activities in this picture:

1. A person is tilling the land.
2. A person is engaged in digging the soil.
3. A person is filling air in the bicycle's tyre.
4. A person is selling household material in his shop.
5. A farmer is sprinkling pesticides in the field.

 

Question 2. 
Identify the different types of work that are related to farming and those that are not. List these in a table.
Answer: 
Different types of work that are  related to the farming and those that are. not are as follows:
Farming Non-farming
Activities Activities

1. A farmer is sprin¬kling pesticides in the field.
2. A person is tilling the field.
3. A person is enga¬ged in digging the soil.

Question 3. 
In your notebook draw some pictures of work that you have seen people do in rural areas and write a few sentences that describe the work.
Answer: 
Students need to do this themselves.

Page 69

Question 1. 
Describe the work that Thulasi does. How is it different from the work Raman does?
Answer:
Thulasi does the following works:

1. She does transplantation of paddy in the field of Ramalingam.
2. She also does weeding and harvesting. For these works, she gets 40 per day.
3. Thulasi also does household works snch as Cooking food, cleaning house, washing clothes, collecting fire woods and fetching water from far away.

Raman’s work:

1. He is a labourer, who sprays pesticides.
2.  When there is no work on the farms then he does the following work:
   • Loading sand from the river.
   • Loading stones from the quarry.
   • Managing materials like groceries for the house.

Question 2. 
Thulasi gets paid very little money for the work she does. Why do you think agricultural labourers like her are forced to accept low wages?
Answer: 
Agricultural labourers are paid low wages because of the following reasons:

1. Many villagers are landless and unemployed, so for their survival they accept low wage work.
2. The agricultural labour gets work regularly every year without spending money on transportation in nearby fields.
3. Their landlord calls them to work on their fields when labour is required hence they have a job security even at low wages.
4. Their needs are less that’s why low i wage is the mode of their livelihood.

Question 3. 
In what ways would her way of earning a living have been different if Thulasi owned some land. Discuss?
Answer: 
If, Thulasi had their own land her work would be different because now she would be a landlord, not a low wage agricultural labour. She would have supervised the farm activities of other labourers.

Question 4. 
What are the crops grown in your region or nearby rural area? What kinds of work do agricultural labourers do?
Answer: 
Crops grown in our region or nearby rural areas are:
(a) Rabi crops - Wheat, chickpea, mustard etc.
(b) Karif crops - sugarcane, cotton and rice.
(c) Zaid crops - Maize, bajra, jowar, etc.
Works performed by agricultural laboureres are as follows:

1. Tilling of fields.
2. Weeding.
3. Spreading of manure and seeds.
4. Sprinkling Of water and pesticides.
5. Irrigation of the field.

Question 5. 
Based on the diagram [Refer to image on page 69 of the textbook would you say that Thulasi earns money throughout the year?
Answer: Based on the diagram I would say that Thulasi does not earn money throughout the year. He gets work only from June to December.

Page 71

Question 1. 
What work does Sekar’s family do? Why do you think Sekar does not usually employ labourers for doing farming work?
Answer: 
Sekar has a small piece of land where he and his family do farming activities. Sekar does not usually employ labourers for doing farming work because the and his family members are sufficient to do agricultural work.

Question 2. 
Why does Sekar not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy?
Answer: 
Sekar does not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy because he has to pay his debt and has to sell his product at a lower price to pay to the money lenders. He also uses some paddy for self-consumption.

Question 3. 
Sekar’s sister Mina had also taken a loan from the traders. She does not want to sell her paddy to him but she will pay back her loan. Write an imaginary conversation between Mina and the trader's agent and the arguments given by each person?
Answer: 
Mina must have told the trader’s agent that she would sell her paddy in the market and repay the loan of the trader. The trader’s agent would have threatened him that the trader would forcibly buy paddy from him and he would have to sell the paddy to him.

 

Question 4. 
What are the similarities and differences between Sekar’s and Thulasi’s lives? Your answer could be based on the land that they have, their need to work on the land that belongs to others or loans that they need and their earnings?
Answer: 
Similarities: 

1. Both Sekar and Thulasi take loan from Ramalingam.
2. Both are poor villagers and they both do hard work in fields and keep cows and sell milk to earn their livelihood.

Differences: 

1. Thulasi is a landless labourer while Sekar has a small plot of land.
2. Thulasi has taken loan for the treatment of his daughter while Sekar has tak6n a loan to purchase agricultural implements like seeds and fertilisers.
3. Thulasi sells the cow milk to burden off his debt while Sekar sells the cow milk to milk society.

Question 5. 
Read again Sekar’s and thulasi’s accounts. What do they say about Ramalingam, the large former? Together with what you have read fill in the details below:
Answer: 
Both Sekar and Thulasi have positive thinking toward Ramalingam. According to them Ramalingam was a kind person and helps small farmers and landless labourers by paying loans when required.

(a) How much land does he have?
Answer: 
He has 20 acres of paddy land in the village.

(b) What does Ramalingam do with the paddy grown on his land?
Answer: 
Ramalingam sends paddy to his rice mill for the production of rice.

(c) Apart from farming how else does he earn?
Answer: 
Ramalingam sells rice in the market which is produced in his mill.

Page 72

Question 1. 
From the figures given above (Refer images of the whole chapter) woujd you say that a majority of the country’s farmer are quite poor? What do you think can be done to change his situation?
Answer: 
Yes, I would say that in most of the countries, farmer are quite poor. Following measures can be taken to improve their condition:

1. Government should increase credit facilities in rural areas.
2. Emphasis should be laid on marketing facilities so that farmers can sell their produce in the market directly.
3. Seeds, fertilisers, and pesticides should be distributed by government agencies either free, of cost or at reasonable rates.
4. Minimum daily wages must be fixed.

Page 74

Question 1. 
Why do both Sekar’s and Aruna’s families have to borrow? What similarities and differences do you find?
Answer: 
Both Sekar’s and Aruna’s families have to borrow because Sekar owns only two acres of land and on that he grows about 60 bags of paddy but this lasts only till 8 months. So, he has to borrow money. Whereas in Aruna’s case, she has borrowed money to purchase an 

engine. Similarities:

• Both are poor and borrow money from the moneylenders.

Differences:

• Sekar is a small farmer who owns a small plot of land while Aruna is a fisherwoman.
• Sekar has lean period when he does not grow crops, in his fields whil Aruna has a lean period during monsoon season when the fish breed and during this season they do not catch fish. Sekar borrowed money from a money-lender and Aruna borrowed money from the bank.

Question 2. 
Have you heard of tsunamis? What is this and what damage do you think it might have done to the life of fishing families like Aruna’s?
Answer: 
Yes, I have heard about tsunamis. Tsunamis are waves caused by a sudden movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, landslides on the sea floor or land slumping into the ocean. The top of an underwater volcano collapses downwards because of that, and overlying water also drops.
It would damage Aruna’s house and fishing equipment like nets, catamarans, etc.

 

RBSE Class 6 Social Science Rural Livelihoods Textbook Questions and Answer 

Question 1. 
You have probably, noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of these.
Answer: 
Non-farm work of people living in Kalpattu village include:

1. Making baskets, pots, utensils, etc.
2. Trading activities
3. Blacksmithing
4. Shop keeping
5. Washing
6. Teaching
7. Nursing.

Question 2. 
List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?
Answer: 
Different types of people who depend on farming are:

1. Landless labourers.
2. Small farmers.
3. Big land owners/farmers. Thulasi is the poorest among them

because of the following reasons:
(a) She works on the forms of other people at low wages.
(b) She has seasonal work.
(c) Her income is not fixed.
(d) She borrows money from money lenders for her survival.

Question 3. 
Imagine you are a member of a fishing family and you are discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?
Answer: 
I would say that we should take loan from the bank instead of taking loan from money lenders. Moneylenders take the fish at lower rates and in this condition we cannot grow. Bank is a more reliable institution from where we can borrow money on fixed terms and conditions. Banks will not claim share in profit so that we will be able to repay loan easily.

Question 4. 
Poor rural labourers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequality. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.
Answer: 
According to me, it is not a fair situation as it shows inequality.
The following steps may be taken to remove poverty and inequality:

1. Easy availability of loans from government institutions at cheaper rates.
2. Drinking water and sufficient electricity can be provided to the poor people at a nominal charge.
3. Seeds, fertilisers and pesticides can be supplied at a reasonable price.
4. A regulated market can be established to eliminate the middlemen. Hence, farmers will get fair prices of their products.

 

Question 5. 
What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss. 
Answer: 
The government can take the following steps to help the farmers when they are in debt:

1. Availability of loans at a cheaper rate of interest without demanding complicated legal formalities.
2. Subsidies may be granted for the purchase of agricultural implements like seeds, fertilisers, etc.
3. In case of natural calamities such as drought, floods, etc, the government should waive off their answer: 

	SEKAR	RAMALINGAM
Land cultivated	About 2 acres	About 20 acres
Labour required	Not required as he does all the agricultural activities with the help of family members.	Labour required for transplantation, weeding and
Loans required	Yes	No
Selling of harvest	Sells his paddy at a low price to Ramalingam.	Sells in the open market.
Other work done by them	Works in Ramalingam rice mill and rear cow’s to sell milk.	Have a rice mill as she is a rice person.