RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

These comprehensive RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

→ Overview:
The growing population of the country is a negative aspect for the economy, but this population can be converted into human capital. When the economy invests in education, training and medical services, the population of the country converts into human capital and that population becomes productive. Human capital also increases the productive power of the country just like physical capital. More educated and healthier people have higher productivity. Human capital is better than other resources of production because they use land and physical capital. Educated and healthy people can use land and physical capital more efficiently. Investment in human resources can yield higher returns in future.

→ Economic Activities by Men and Women:

• Economic Activities by men and women have been classified into three main sectors i.e., primary, secondary and tertiary.
• Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying. Manufacturing is included in the secondary sector. Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector. The activities in this sector result in the production of goods and services. Economic activities have two parts — market activities and non-market activities.

Market activities are performed for pay or profit. Non-market activities are the production for self-consumption. There is a belief in Indian society that women generally look after domestic chores and men work in the fields. Educated and more skilled people have higher income. Quality of Population: The quality of population depends upon the literacy rate, health of a person and skill formation acquired by the people of the country.

The quality of the population can be explained on the basis of the following points:
(1) Education: Education is an important measure of population quality. A more educated population is a sign of the quality of the population. Education contributes significantly to the economic and social development of the country. It enhances the national income, cultural richness and increases the efficiency of governance.

The government has made several efforts to increase education. As a result of these efforts, the country’s literacy rate, which was 18% in the year 1951, has increased to 74% in the year 2011.“Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 years by 2010. In addition, mid-day meals are also important. In the last 65 years, significant progress has also been made in the number of educational institutions in the country. 

(2) Health: A healthy person is more productive and efficient while an uneducated person becomes hostile to an organisation. Therefore, improving the health of the population is the most primaiy task for a country. In India, the government made several efforts for health services, due to which there has been a remarkable development in health facilities in the country in the last 65 years. But the health facilities in the country have not developed equally in all the states, there are many differences in this regard in the states.

(3) Unemployment: Unemployment refers to the situation in which the eligible and willing person does not get work at the prevailing wage rate. In case of India, we have unemployment in rural and urban areas. However, the nature of unemployment differs in rural and urban areas. In case of rural areas, there is seasonal and disguised unemployment. Urban areas have mostly educated unemployment. In seasonal unemployment, people get employment for a particular time period only. In disguised unemployment, people are engaged more than required on any work, this unemployment is mainly found in agriculture.

Educated people in urban areas do not get work according to their qualifications, this is called educated unemployment. Manpower is not used due to unemployment. Unemployment adversely affects the economic development of the country. Poverty does not reduce due to unemployment in rural areas and people migrate towards cities.