RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1. 
Which factor is considered most important for production?
(a) Land 
(b) Human resource 
(c) Capital 
(d) Seeds
Answer:
(b) Human resource 

Question 2. 
What are the determinants of the earning of any individual in the market?
(a) Education 
(b) Skill
(c) Both (a) and 
(b) None of the above'
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and 

 

Question 3. 
What kind of investment can be made on a child?
(a) Education 
(b) Health
(c) Training 
(d) Both (a) and (b) 
Answer:
(d) Both (a) and (b) 

Question 4. 
Increase in unemployment indicates a
(a) Resource development 
(b) Poverty 
(c) Depressed economy
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Depressed economy

Question 5. 
Which capital is considered the Dest?
(a) Land
(b) Labour
(c) Physical Capital
(d) Human Capital
Answer:
(d) Human Capital

Question 6. 
Which one of the following require more labour and hardwork?
(a) Farming 
(b) Transportation
(c) Secondary Activity 
(d) Service
Answer:
(a) Farming 

Question 7. 
Which of the following is not an example of secondary activities?
(a) Manufacturing clothes 
(b) Making shoes
(c) Growing wheat 
(d) Manufacturing cars
Answer:
(c) Growing wheat 

Question 8.
SSA stands for
(a) Society Science and Academics 
(b) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
(c) Social Science Academy 
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

Question 9.
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan was started in the year
(a) 1995 
(b)20104
(c) 2001 
(d)2005
Answer:
(c) 2001 

 

Question 10. 
The purpose of S and A is to provide
(a) Elementary education 
(b) Mid-day meal
(c) Introduction of Bridge Courses 
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 11. 
Market activity known as production for
(a) Exchange 
(b) Earning
(c) Earning profit 
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 12. 
Which one of the following is include in secondary sector?
(a) Trade 
(b) Marketing 
(c) Manufacturing 
(d) Education
Answer:
(d) Education

Question 13. 
Investment in the human capital is expenditure on
(a) Education 
(b) Training
(C) Medical care 
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 14. 
Services of houswives are included in
(a) National income 
(b) Domestic income
(c) Household income 
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(d) None of the above

Question 15. 
Infant mortality rate refers to the death of a child under the age of
(a) 1 year 
(b) 2 years 
(e) 3 years 
(d) 4 years
Answer:
(a) 1 year 

Fill In the blanks:

Question 1. 
As per 2001 study ................ was having the highest literacy rate.
Answer:
Kerala

Question 2.  
................ unemployment is the type of unemployment where people appear to be employed.
Answer:
Disguised

 

Question 3. 
When people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year is known as  ................ unemployment.
Answer:
seasonal

Question 4. 
When educated people does not get a job is called ................ unemployment.
Answer:
educated

Question 5. 
When people can not be used as a resource they naturally appear as ................  
Answer: 
liability 
 
True or False:

Question 1. 
The contribution of the tertiary sector to the Indian economy is continuously increasing.
Answer:
True

Question 2. 
Most people in India are engaged in tertiary sector.
Answer:
False

Question 3. 
Human capital can be created by increasing education and health.
Answer:
True

Question 4. 
Cultivation of food by the farmer is a non-economic activity.
Answer:
False

Question 5. 
A lot of money is spent on education in India.
Answer:
False

Question 6. 
Female literacy rate in India is higher than men.
Answer:
False

Question 7. 
Life expectancy rates in India are steadily improving.
Answer:
True

 

Match the column:

Column A	Column B
(1) Mining	(a) Tertiary Sector
(2) Manufacturing	(b) Secondary Sector
(3) Communication	(c) Primary Sector
(4) Literacy rate in India	(d) 94 percent
(5) Literacy rate in Kerala	(e) 74 percent

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(1) Mining	(c) Primary Sector
(2) Manufacturing	(b) Secondary Sector
(3) Communication	(a) Tertiary Sector
(4) Literacy rate in India	(e) 74 percent
(5) Literacy rate in Kerala	(d) 94 percent

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Why literacy rate is low in India?
Answer:
Literacy rate is low in India because of lack of education facilities and equal education opportunities.

Question 2. 
Why do educated parents prefer to invest for health and education of their children?
Answer:
Educated parents invest more because they know that health and education are the two most essential factors for their children’s living and future.

Question 3. 
What was the expenditure percentage of GDP in 1951-52 on education? Answer:The expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP was 0.64% in 1951-52. 

Question 4. 
Define ‘disguised unemployment’. 
Answer:
In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed but their marginal productivity is zero.

Question 5. 
What factors affect the quality of population?
Answer:
The three factors that affect the quality of population:

1. Literacy rate
2. Health
3. Skill.

Question 6. 
How can a large population be turned into a productive asset?
Answer:
A large population can be turned into a productive asset by investment in human capital.

Question 7. 
Name two types of unemployment existing in rural India?
Answer:
Seasonal unemployment and disguised unemployment.

Question 8. 
What is GER?
Answer:
GER is Gross Enrollment Ratio. It is a statistical measure to determine the number of students enrolled in school at several levels.

Question 9. 
What is vocational education?
Answer:
Vocational education means training for a specific job.’ This helps to train human resource according to the needs or jobs available in the economic sectors.

 

Question 10. 
What major changes indicate improvement of health in India?
Answer:
The two major changes that took place are :

1. Low infant mortality rate.
2. Better life expectancy rate.

Question 11. 
What is India’s position in scientific and technical manpower in the world? 
Answer:Third

Question 12. 
What does PHC stand for?
Answer:
Primary Health Centre

Question 13. 
Which sector forestry and dairy are related to?
Answer:
Primary Sector

Question 14. 
Name the significant scheme launched provide elementary education to all the children in the age group of 6-14 years?
Answer:
Sarva Siksha Abhiyan

Question 15. 
Name the scheme started for talented children from rural areas?
Answer:
Navodaya Vidyalaya

Question 16. 
Which age group constitutes the work force population?
Answer:
15-59 years

Question 17. 
Is bribe taking an economic activity or non- economic activity?
Answer:
Non- economic activity

Question 18. 
If a person in rural areas cannot find jobs during some months of the year, which type of employment is this called?
Answer:
Seasonal Unemployment

Question 19. 
What is the life expectancy in India according to 2011 census?
Answer:
66 years 

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Explain the measures taken by government to improve literacy condition in India.
Answer:

1. There is a provision made for providing universal access, retention and quality in elementary education with a special emphasis on girl education.
2. There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district.
3. Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.
4. A programme called Sarva Siksha Abhiyan is a significant step towards providing elementary education to all children in the age group of 6-14 by 2010.
5. Mid-day Meal Scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

 

Question 2. 
Explain why InfantMortalityRate (IMR) andliteracyrate areconsidered to be indicators of human resource development.
Answer:
Infant Mortality Rate is a factor that can be associated with well-being of a population. High infant mortality rates could reflect improper childcare owing to poverty, lack of education and other factors. Similarly, the quality ofa population ofthe country is reflectedthroughthe literacy rate. An illiterate and unhealthy population shows poor human development, while a literate and healthy population shows significant human development. Thus, infant mortality rate and literacy rate are considered to be indicators of human resource development.

Question 3.
Public health has improved in India since 1951.” Explain the statement with examples.
Answer:
Following are the major changes that indicate improvement in the public health of India:

1. Life expectancy has increased to 66 years in 2011. Increase in longevity of life is an indicator of good quality of life marked by self-confidence.
2. Infant Mortality Rate has reduced from 147 in 1951 to 42 in 2012. Reduction in infant mortality involves the protection of children from infection, ensuring nutrition along with mother and childcare.
3. Crude birth rate has dropped to 22.1 and death rate to 7 within the same duration of time.

Question 4. 
How inclusive is the 12th Five Year Plan in the education sector?
Answer:
The eleventh plan endeavoured to increase the enrolment in higher education of the 18 to 23 years age group to 15 per cent by 2011-12 and 21 per cent by ' twelfth plan. The strategy focuses on increasing access, quality, adoption of states-specific curriculum modification, vocationalisation and networking on the use of information technology. The plan focuses on distant education, convergence of formal, non-formal distant and IT education institutions.

Question 5, 
Give an outline of the various causes of unemployment in India?
Answer:
Following are the causes of unemployment in India :

1. Increasing population. 
2. Low economic growth rate.
3. Defects in educational system.
4. Comparatively lower growth rate in the industrial and service sectors.
5. Migration of people from rural to urban areas.
6. Use of outdated technology.
7. Overburden on agricultural sector.

Question 6. 
What is human capital formation? How is it different from physical capital formation?
Answer:
Human capital formation refers to addition to the stock of capital in an economy. This addition takes the form of investment in education, training and health care. Human capital formation is both similar to and different from physical capital formation in the following ways :

1. Human capital formation adds to the productive capacity and generation of income; physical capital formation also performs the same function.
2. Human capital formation adds to the stock ofhuman skills and knowledge. Physical capital formation adds to the stock of tools equipments, machinery and buildings in an economy.

Question 7. 
Briefly explain three differences between market and non-market activities.
Answer:
Differences between market and non-market activities :

MARKET ACTIVITIES	NON MARKET ACTIVITIES
Market activities involve remuneration to anyone who performs i.e., activity performed for monetary profit.	Non-market activities are those activities primarily undertaken for the purpose of self-consumption. These activities don’t give profit as they are for self-consumption.
These include production of goods or services including government services.	The output of the non-market activities is neither for sale in the market nor for earning profit. These activities can be for consumption and processing of primary products for one’s own use.
Example: a vegetable vendor selling vegetables, a grocer selling grocery, shoemaker selling shoes, a general merchant selling consumer durables etc.	Example: a small farmer cultivates primarily for self consumption.

 

 

Question 8. 
How does investment in human resource lead to higher return in future?
Answer:
Investment in human capital through education, training and medical care yields a higher return in future just like investment in physical capital.

1. This can be seen directly in the form of higher incomes earned because of the . higher productivity of the more educated or the better trained persons, as well as the higher productivity of healthier people.
2. Society also gains through higher income in indirect ways because the advantages of a more educated or healthier human resources support those who are not educated or get sufficient health facilities.
3. For example; Countries like Japan have invested in human resource especially in the field of education and health. These people have made efficient use of other resources like land and capital and made their economy as one of the most developed in the world.

Question 9. 
How can a large population be turned into an asset for the country?
Answer:
A large population can be turned into an asset for the country by :

1. Investing inhuman capital on education and health can help the large population in turning a productive asset for the country.
2. By training of industrial and agricultural workers in the use ofmodem technology and demands of the economy.
3. By useful scientific researches and wise use of resources.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Write an article on the development of education in India.
Or
Question 1.
Write a commentary on the development of education under five-year plans in India.
Answer:
Education plays important role in formation of human capital and education is an important contribution to the economic development and of the country. People can be made more productive and efficient through education. In India, the government has given special attention to the development and expansion of education and has made many efforts in the Five Year PlAnswer:The Government of India spent Rs.

151 crore on education in the First Five-Year Plan, which increased to Rs. 3766.99 crore in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan. The expenditure on education as a percentage of gross domestic product was 0.64 percent in 1951 -52, it has increased to 3 percent in 2015 -16. As a result of these efforts by the Government of India literacy rate in India has increased significantly. India’s literacy rate was only 18 percent in the year 1951; it has increased to 74 percent ‘in 2011. With this, the number of educational institutions, teachers and students has also increased significantly, which can be explained from the following Number of Institutions of Higher Education, Enrolment and Faculty

Year	No. of Colleges	No. of Universities	Students	Teachers in Universities and Colleges
1950-51	750	30	2,63,000	24,000
1995-91	7,346	177	4925000	2,72,000
1998-99	11,089	238	74,17,000	3,42,000
2010-11	33,023	523	186,70,050	8,16,966
2012-13	37,204	628	223,02,938	9,25,396
2014-15	40,760	711	265,85,437	12,61,350
2015-16	41,435	753	284,84,741	14,38,000
2016-17	42,338	795	294,27,158	14,70,190
2017-18	41,012	851	366,42,378	12,84,957
2018-19	-	911	-	-

Source:
UGC Annual Report 2010-11, 2012-13, 2013-14, 2015-16 and Selected Educational Statistics, Ministry of HRD.
It is clear from the above table that there has been a significant increase in higher educational institutions in the country. With this, schooling has also expanded considerably.

 

Question 2. 
What efforts have been taken for the development and expansion of education in India?
Answer:
Following efforts have been taken for the development and expansion of education in India-

1. Expenditure on education has been increased in country.
2. There is also an establishment of pace setting of schools like Navodaya Vidyalaya in each district.
3. Vocational streams have been developed to equip large number of high school students with occupations related to knowledge and skills.
4. Primary schools and higher secondary level schools have been established in ‘ rural areas.
5. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan’ has been launched for primary education to all children in the age group of 6 to 14 years.
6. Bridge courses and back-to- school camps have been initiated to increase the enrolment in elementary education.
7. Mid-day meal scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.
8. The 12th plan endeavoured to raise the country’s Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in higher education.
9. The strategy focuses on increasing access, quality, adoption of state-specific curriculum modification, vocational isation and networking on the use of information technology.
10. There has been a significant growth in the number of university and institutions of higher learning.

Question 3. 
Write an article on the development of health facilities in India.
Answer:
Health facilities are essential for human resource. The expansion of health facilities promotes human capital formation in the country. A healthy person is more productive and more efficient. In India, priority has been given to improving health facilities in various five-year plAnswer:Our national policy, too, aims at improving the accessibility of healthcare, family welfare and nutritional service with a special focus on the underprivileged segment of the population.

Over the last five decades, India has built a vast health infrastructure which has yielded many positive results. These measures, which have been adopted, have increased the life expectancy to over 68.3 years in 2014 which was quite low at the time of independence. Infant mortality rate was 147 in 1951, it has been reduced to 34 in 2016. Similarly, there has been a significant decrease in the birth rate and death rate in the country.
Health facilities in the country have also expanded considerably, which can be explained from the following table - 
Table 2.2 : Health infrastructure over the years

SC/PHC/CHC	2013	2014	2015	2016	2017
Dispensaries and Hospitals	181.130	182,709	184.359	185,933	187,805
Beds (Govt)	29.274	29,715	29.957	30.044	31,641
Registered Doctor in Medical Council	628.708	675,779	754.724	6,34.879	710,761
Nursing Personnel (ANM+RN&RM+LHV)	45.106	33,536	20.422	25,282	17,962
SC/PHC/CHC	2.344.241	2,621,981	2.639.229	2,778,248	2,878,182

Source . National Health Policy, 2013, 2014, 2015, (National Health Profile, 2016, 2017,2018, Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.)
Above table shows that after independence, there has been a rapid increase in health facilities in the country.

Question 4. 
what do you understand by unemployment? Explain the different types of unemployment in India.
Answer:
Meaning of unemployment: In simple words, the meaning of unemployment is the absence of employment opportunities. In other cities, unemployment means not getting work for those who are willing and able to work but despite their desire and qualifications, they do not get employment at prevailing prices. Types of unemployment: There are many types of unemployment in India. The main types of unemployment in India are as follows

(i) Seasonal Unemployment s Seasonal unemployment happens when people are not able to find jobs during some months of the year. The rest of the time the worker remains idle or keeps searching for employment. For example, the employees of the sugar industry in India are overworked only during the year when sugarcane is produced. Similarly, in India, farmers are unemployed in the absence of monsoon in the period between Rabi and Kharif crops.

(ii) Disguised Unemployment:
Disguised unemployment is also called hidden unemployment. In case of disguised unemployment people appear to be employed. But it does not actually contribute to production. That is, disguised unemployment is a situation in which more people are engaged in  one work than required. For example, in India, the entire family is engaged in agricultural work, while fewer people in the family can complete that task and the removal of additional people also has no effect on the production.

(iii) Educated Unemployment:
Educated unemployment is common in urban areas. In this unemployment, various educated people do not get employment as per their ability. It has also been seen in the country that unemployment rate is found to be higher among people with higher education. It is called educated unemployed.