RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Solutions Economics Chapter 2 People as Resource

RBSE Class 9 Social Science People as Resource InText Questions and Answers

Activity 
Page No.20

Question 1.
Say whether these activities are economic or non-economic activities: 
(a) Vilas sells fish in the village market
(b) Vilas cooks foods for his family
(c) Sakai works in the private firm
(d) Sakai looks after his younger brother and sister.
Answer: 
(a) Economic activity 
(b) Non-economic activity 
(c) Economic activity 
(d) Non-economic activity. 

Page No.21

Question 2.
Study the graph and answer the following questions :
Source : Envis Centre on Population; Economy Survey, 2017-18
Literacy Rates in India

(i) Has the literacy rates of the population increased since 1951?
Answer:
 Yes, the literacy rates of the population have increased since 1951.
 
(ii) In which year India has the highest literacy rates?
Answer: 
In the year 2011, India has the highest literacy rates.

(iii) Why literacy rate is high among the males of India?
Answer: 
The literacy rate is high among the males of India because India has a male dominated society. Since, ages in Indian tradition the males are considered as the earning members and hence get better access to education and health facilities than females.

(iv) Why are women less educated than men?
Answer:
 Women are less educated than men because traditionally, in India, women are required to stay at home and do domestic chores. Thus, education among women is not encouraged as compared to men.

(v) How would you calculate literacy rate in India?
Answer: 
The literacy rate can be calculated by - the number of literate people divided by the total population of the country multiplied by 100.
(vi) What is your projection about India’s literacy rate in 2020?
Answer: 
The projection about India’s literacy rate in year 2020 would be in between 75%-85%. '

Let's Discuss 

Question 3.
 Discuss this table in the classroom and answer the following questions. 
 Answer: 
 Number of Institutions of Higher Education,
Enrolment and Faculty

years	Number of colleges	Number of universities	Students	Teachers in Universities & College
1950-51	750	30	2,63,000	24000
1990-91	7,346	177	49,25,000	2,72,000
1998-99	11,089	238	74,17,000	3,42,000
2010-11	33,023	523	186,70,050	8,16,966
2012-13	37,204	628	223,02,938	9,25,396
2014-15	40,760	711	265,85,437	12,61,350
2015-16	41,435	753	284,84,741	14,38,000
2016-17	42,338	795	294,27,158	14,70,190

 

Source: UGC Annual Report 2010-11,2012-13,2013-14,2015-16 and Selected Educational Statistics, Ministry of HRD.
(i) Is the increase in number of colleges adequate to admit the increasing number of students?
Answer:
No, the increase in the number of colleges is not adequate to admit the increasing number of students because the number of students is increasing at faster rate ‘ as compared to the colleges being established.

(ii) Do you think we should have more number of universities?
Answer: 
Yes, we should have more number of universities. As the number of students is 
increasing, more universities should be established to cater to their needs. But at the same time more efforts should be laid on opening more colleges.

(iii) What is the increase noticed among the teachers from the year 1950-51 to the year 1998-99?
Answer: 
The number of teachers increased by 3,42,000 from the year 1950-51 to the year 1998-99.

(iv) What is your idea, about future colleges and universities?
Answer: 
In future colleges and universities, should emphasize more on:
(a) Vocationalisation of education
(b) Distance education
(c) Convergence of formal and informal education
(d) Engineering and IT colleges.
(e) Colleges should be set up in rural areas to benefit the rural students.

Let's Discuss

Question 4.  
Study the Table 2.2 and answer the following questions. 
Answer: 
Health Infrastructure Over the Years
    
SC: Sub Centre, PHC: Primary Health Centre, CHC: Community Health Centre.
ANM: Auxiliary Nurse Hydrides
RN & RM:RegisteredNurses & Registered Midwives,
LHV: Lady Health Visitors.
Source: National Health Policy, 2013, 2014, 2015, (National Health Profile, 2016, 2017, 2018, Central Bureau of Health Intelligence, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare.)

(i) What is the percentage increase in dispensaries from 2013 to 2015?
Answer:
Percentage increase in dispensaries from 2013 to 2015
= \(\frac{29957-29274}{29274} \times 100\)
= 2.33 %

(ii) Do you think the increase in the number of doctors and nurses is adequate for India? If not, why?
Answer: 
No, the increase in the number of doctors and nursing personnel is inadequate because the ratio of both doctors and nursing personnel is still too low for requirement of India’s population.

(iii) What other facilities would you like to provide in a hospital?
Answer: 
Following facilities should be provided in a hospital:
(a) Cleanliness and hygiene should be maintained in a hospital.
(b) Emergency wards and ambulances should be there in all hospitals.
(c) Doctors should be available for 24 hours.
(d) Govemmentorsubsidisedchemistshopsshouldbethereinsideeverybighospital.
(e) All the hospitals should be equipped with latest technology and path labs.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science People as Resource Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1. 
What do you understand by ‘people as a resource’?
Answer: 
People as resource is a way of referring to a country’s working people in terms of their existing productive skills and abilities. As humans contribute to Gross National Product, they are also considered as a resource.

Question 2.
How is human resource different from other resources like land and physical capital?
Answer: 
Human resource is in one way superior to other resources like land and physical capital because human resource is living, active and sensitive factor of production. Human resource can make use of land and capital. Land and capital cannot become useful on its own.

Question 3. 
What is the role of education in human capital formation?
Answer:
Education plays a significant role in human capital formation.
It opens new horizons for a person, provides new aspirations and develop values of life and contributes towards the growth of society. Educated workers earn higher wages due to their efficiency which leads to high growth of economy and national income. Total productivity adds to the growth of resources and their better utilisation. Thus, investment in human resource via education yields high rate of return in future.

Question 4. 
What is the role of health in human capital formation?
Answer:
 Health plays an important role in human capital formation for the following reasons:

1. The health of a person helps him realise his potential and the ability to fight illness. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation.
2. Improvement in the health status of the population has been the priority of the country because healthy person is more productive and efficient for country.
3. The national policy of India is aimed towards improving access to health care, family welfare and nutrition, especially among under-privileged classes. Thus, any expenditure on health care may be regarded as the investment made in human capital formation.

Question 5. 
What part does health play in the individual’s working life?
Answer: 
Health plays an important part in the individual’s working life because— 

1. An unhealthy person becomes a liability for an organisation as he cannot work efficiently.
2. Health is an indispensable basis for realising one’s skills. If a body is healthy then only mind performs well.
3. A healthy person is more productive in his work and adds value to the human resources of the country and increase productivity in the economy.

Question 6. 
What are the various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector?
Answer: 
The various activities undertaken in the primary sector, secondary sector and tertiary sector are:

1. Primary Sector: Primary sector includes agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishing, poultry farming, mining and quarrying.
2. Secondary Sector: Manufacturing and construction are included in the secondary sector.
3. Tertiary or Service Sector: Trade, transport, communication, banking, education, health, tourism, services, insurance, etc. are included in the tertiary sector.

Question 7. 
What is the difference between economic activities and non-economic activities?
Answer: 
Difference between economic activities and non-economic activities:
Economic Activities: 

• Economic activities are those activities which are performed to earn a livelihood and add value to National Income.
• The main aim of these activities is to earn profits.
• The end result of these activities is to satisfy human needs.
• A teacher, a carpenter, a doctor, an artist, etc.

Non-economic Activities:

• Non-economic activities are those activities which are performed out of love, sympathy, sentiments, patriotism, etc.
• The main of these activities is emotional satisfaction.
• The end result of these activities is mental satisfaction of the person performing them.
• A teacher teaching her own son, a doctor treating poor patients without charging any fees, etc.

Question 8. 
Why are women employed in low paid work?
Answer:
Women are employed in low paid jobs due to the following reasons:

1. Women in India have less education and low skills as compared to men. Thus, they perform low level jobs and are paid less.
2. They work mainly in unorganised sector of the economy. They lack knowledge about their rights and minimum wages and they get low wages.
3. Women are considered physically inferior to men. They get less work and are also believed to do less. Hence, are paid low wages as compared to men and are subject to job insecurities.

Question 9.
How will you explain the term unemployment?
Answer: 
Unemploymentexistswhenpeoplewhoarewillingtoworkbutcannotfindwork.In addition, if a person voluntarily does not want to work, he cannot be termed as unemployed. Unemployment leads to wastage of manpower resource and increase in economic overload.

Question 10. 
What is the difference between disguised unemployment and seasonal unemployment?
Answer: 
Seasonal unemployment happens when people are unable to find jobs during some months of the year. Generally, in agriculture sector this kind of problem is visible. For example, farmers in certain reasons are employed like at the time of sowing, harvesting, weeding and threshing but in the remaining months they remain unemployed.

In case of disguised unemployment, people appear to be employed but their marginal physical productivity of labour is equal to zero. This usually happens among family members engaged in agricultural activity. For example, in agriculture sector, the field requires the service of five people and eight people are working in the same field. Then, three extra people come under the category of disguised unemployed. The productivity of the field will remain unaffected when three people are removed from work.

Question 11. 
Why is educated unemployed, a peculiar problem of India?
Answer: 
In case of urban areas, educated unemployment has become a common phenomenon. Many youth with matriculation, graduation and post graduation degrees are not able to find job because of the following reasons:
(i) Less job opportunities as compared to increasing number of working force.

(ii) Educated people prefer certain standard of job according to their academic courses. They remain unemployed rather than doing a low standard job.

(iii) Educated youth does not prefer working in rural or backward areas. Their skill and power are not being used by nation, which otherwise may increase national growth. There is unemployment among technically qualified person on one hand, while there is a scarcity of technical skills required for economic growth. It is also a question mark on our education system that is not able to produce employable human resources in the economy.

Question 12. 
In which field do you think India can build the maximum employment opportunity?
Answer: 
(i) Indiacanfocusonbuildingmaximumemploymentopportunitiesintertiary sector because it is the fastest growing sector in the economy as compared to primary sector and secondary sector. Also various new services are now . developed like biotechnology, information technology and so on.

(ii) Agriculture sector in India is suffering from disguised unemployment, thus, there is no possibility of getting employment.

(iii) Unemployed labour force from rural areas is now migrating to towns and cities in search of work. They get employed in the industrial sector where manyindustrieshavebeenestablishedandthus,areworkingwithmaximum capacity to provide employment.

Question 13. 
Can you suggest some measures in the education system to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed?
Answer: 
The following measures can be taken in order to mitigate the problem of the educated unemployed:

1. Planned development by accelerating industrialisation, removing the deficiency
2. of demand, stabilising the rate of domestic investment and consumer demand can fight the problem of unemployment. 
3. Development of small-scale and village industries can increase the rate of
4. employment. For this, the government should guide the small-scale industries in financing and marketing. .
5. Self-employment schemes for the unemployed youth have to be launched to enable them to start their own business or small-scale firm, which can also generate employment.
6. Vocational Education should be encouraged and provided along with the curriculum of graduation.
7. Education should cater the courses and trainings which are in demand in various sectors of the economy.

Question 14. 
Can you imagine some village which initially had no job opportunity but later came up with many?
Answer: 
There was a village inhabited by several families. Each family produced enough to feed its members, met its needs by making their own clothes and teaching their own children. One of the families decided to send their son to an agricultural college. The boy got his admission and after some time, he became qualified in agro-engineering and came back to the village.  He designed an improved type of plough which increased the yield of wheat. 

Thus, a new job of agro-engineer was created and filled in the village. The villagers then, sold the surplus in the nearby market and earned profit. Inspired by this success, the panchayat along with government opened a school in the village. A teacher was appointed and all the children of the village started going to school. 

One of the families gave training to their daughter in tailoring. She started stitching clothes for all the families of the village. Thus, another new job that of a tailor was created. Now, the farmers spent more time in the field, the yield of the farms went up. They had more of what they can consume. They could sell the surplus to others in the market. Over the years, this village, which initially had no job opportunities, now had many like teacher, tailor, agro-engineer etc.

Question 15. 
Which capital would you consider the best-land,labour, physical capital and human capital? Why?
Answer: 
Land, labour, physical capital and human capital are the four requirements for the production of goods and services. Among these factors of production, human capital is considered to be best because it is the stock of skills and productive knowledge embodied in a person. All the other resources can be developed and fully utilised only by humans Human capital can make use of land and capital, but land and capital cannot become useful on its own.