RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science Civics Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Solutions Civics Chapter 8 Confronting Marginalisation

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Civics Confronting Marginalisation InText Questions and Answers

Page-97

Question 1. 
State one reason why you think reservations play an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis.
Answer: 
In my opinion, reservation plays an important role in providing social justice to Dalits and Adivasis because these sections of society have been denied opportunities for reading and writing and acquiring new skills for centuries, they can only grow in society by providing reservations. Reservation is a concrete step to eliminating inequality.

Page-99

Question 1. 
In your opinion does the force put on Rathnam to perform this ritual violate his Fundamental Rights?
Answer: 
Yes, the way Rathnam was forced to perform the traditional ritual (washing the feet of all the priests and then bathing in the water used for this) was a violation of his Fundamental Rights.

Question 2. 
Why do you think the Dalit families were afraid of angering the powerful castes? 
Answer: 
The people of Dalit families were afraid of angering powerful castes. There were many reasons for this:
(1) Many worked in their fields as daily-wage laborers. If the dominant castes decided not to call them, then what would they earn? How would they survive?

(2) Rathnam community was ordered to ostracise him and his family, and everyone was told that no one should speak or do any work for them or with them. One night Rathnam’s hut was put on fire. Other Dalit families were scared that a similar fate might await them if they spoke out.

Page-100

Question 1.
Can you list two different provisions in the 1989 Act?
Answer: 
The two different provisions in the 1989 act are :

1. It lists modes of humiliation that are both physically horrific and morally reprehensible.
2. It lists actions that dispossess Dalits and Adivasis of their meager resources or which force them into performing slave labors.
3. 

Question 2. 
Look up the glossary and write in your own words what you understand by the term morally reprehensible?  
Answer: 
Morally reprehensible means highly unacceptable action or deserving severe disapproval or criticism.

Page-101

Question 1. 
What do you understand by manual scavenging?
Answer: 
Manual scavenging refers to the practice of removing human and animal waste/excreta using brooms, tin plates, and baskets from dry latrines and carrying it on the head to disposal grounds some distance away. A manual scavenger is a person who does the job of carrying this filth. This job is mainly done by Dalit women and young girls.

Question 2. 
Re-read the list of Fundamental Rights provided and list two Rights that this practice violates?
Answer: 
The practice of carrying filth violates: 

1. The right to equality and 
2. the right against exploitation.

Question 3. 
Why did the Safai Karamchari Andolan file -a PIL in 2003? What did they complain about in their petition?
Answer: 
In 2003, the Safai Karamchari filed a PIL against (the existing manual scavenging). The petitioners complained that manual scavenging, still existed and it continued in government undertakings like the railways. The petitioners sought enforcement of their Fundamental Rights.

Question 4. 
What did the Supreme Court do on hearing their case in 2005?
Answer: 
The court observed that the number of manual scavengers in India had increased since the 1993 law. It directed every department/ministry of the union government and state governments to verify the facts within six months. If manual scavenging was found to exist, then the government department has to actively take up a time-bound program for their liberation and rehabilitation. The Prohibition of Employment as Manual Scavengers and their Rehabilitation Act came into force in December 2013.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science  Confronting Marginalisation Textbook Questions and Answers 

Question 1. 
List two Fundamental Rights in the Constitution that Dalits can draw upon to insist that they be treated with dignity and as equals. Re-read the Fundamental Rights listed on page 14 to help you answer this question.
Answer: 
The right to equality and the right against exploitation can be used by the Dalit community that shows that they are treated with dignity and as equals.
(i) Right to equality:
The right to equality, clearly states that all people are equal in the eyes of law, i.e., the law of the country provides equal protection to all people. Article 15 states that no citizen of India shall be discriminated against on the basis of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth. In case of violation of the right to equality, Dalit can resort to this provision. Under this right, everyone will have equal access to public places like sports grounds, hotels, shops, etc.

According to Article 17 untouchability has been abolished. This means that no one can henceforth prevent Dalits from educating themselves, entering temples, using public facilities, etc. Therefore, Dalits can ‘invoke’ or ‘draw on’ Fundamental Rights in situations where they feel that they have been treated badly by some individual or community or even by the government.

(ii) Right against exploitation:
The Constitution states that human trafficking, forced labor, and employing children below 14 years of age is a crimes. Thus by this right now the Dalit community has got freedom from forced labor.

Question 2. 
Re-read the story on Rathnam as well as the provisions of the 1989 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act Now list one reason why you think he used this law to file a complaint. 
Answer: 
Rathnam lodged a complaint under the provision of the 1989 Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act because this law lists modes of humiliation that are both physically horrific and morally reprehensible. Its purpose is to punish those who force a member of a Scheduled Caste or a Scheduled Tribe to drink or eat any inedible or obnoxious substance or commit any similar act which is derogatory to human dignity.

Question 3. 
Why do Adivasi activists, including C.K. Janu, believe that Adivasis can also use this 1989 Act to fight against dispossession? Is there anything specific in the provisions of the Act that allows her to believe this?
Answer: 
Tribal workers can use this law to restore the occupation of their traditional land i.e., against the seizing of their traditional resources, because this law also lists the acts through which tribals are deprived of their ordinary resources. This Act also provides that if any person occupies or cultivates land allotted or owned in the name of a person belonging to a Scheduled Tribals or gets it transferred in his own name, he will be punished. C.K. Janu and other tribal activists feel that on the basis of this provision, tribals can use the 1989 law against the snatching of their traditional resources. The above provisions of this law confirm their belief.