RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Our Rajasthan Chapter 10 Art and Culture in Rajasthan

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Our Rajasthan Chapter 10 Art and Culture in Rajasthan Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Our Rajasthan Solutions Chapter 10 Art and Culture in Rajasthan

RBSE Class 8 Our Rajasthan Art and Culture in Rajasthan Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Write the correct answers to the following questions in brackets:

Question 1. 
Which of the following pairs is not correctly matched?

Temple	Place
(a) Dilwara Jain Temple	Mount Abu (Sirohi)
(b) Ranakpur Jain Temple	Pali
(c) Shree Eklingji Temple	Jaipur
(d) Khatushyam Temple	Sikar

Answer: 
(c) Shree Eklingji Temple-Jaipur

Question 2. 
The highest part of which of the following fort is called Katargarh?
(a) Amer Fort 
(b) Kumbhalgarh Fort
(c) Ranthamboit Fort 
(d) Jalore Fort 
Answer: 
(b) Kumbhalgarh Fort

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The Chhatri of ...............  pillars in Bundi is an important example of architecture.
2. Bani-Thani painting style is the famous style of ............... 
Answer: 
1.84 
2. Kishangarh 

III. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
From which period did the development of temples begin?
Answer: 
The development of temples started from the Gupta period.

Question 2. 
Where was the Moosi Maharani’s Chhatri located?
Answer: 
Moosi Maharani's Chhatri was located in Alwar.

Question 3. 
Who built the Vi jay Stambh?
Answer: 
Vijay Stambh was built by Maharana Kumbha.

IV. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Name the major forts of Rajasthan and describe any two forts.
Answer: 
Major Forts of Rajasthan:
The main forts of Rajasthan are- 

1. Bundi Fort 
2. Lohagarh Fort 
3. Ranthambore Fort 
4. Jalore Fort 
5. Chittorgarh Fort 
6. Kumbhalgarh Fort 
7. Amer Fort 
8. JalDurg, Gagron Fort 
9. Mehrangarh Fort of Jodhpur 
10. Junagarh Fort of Bikaner and 
11. Sonargarh Fort of Jaisalmer.

(i) Bundi Fort:
The Bundi fort was built by Rao Bar Singh in 1354 AD on the hill of the northern end of Bundi city. A strong wall is built around the fort.ChhatrasalMahal, Yantralaya, Badal Mahal, AnirudhMahal are built in it.The architecture of the chhatris of the buildings, the ornate pillars of the Durbar Hall is unique.

(ii) Lohagarh Fort:
This fort was built by Maharaja Suraj Mai of the Jat dynasty of Bharatpur. It has a double rampart built around it, so it is also called a fort of soil. There were many attacks on it, but no one could win it. Therefore, it is also called an invincible fort.

Question 2. 
Write a comment on the art of music in Rajasthan.
Answer: 
Music art in Rajasthan- Music has been prevalent in Rajasthan since ancient times. During the war, the atmosphere was stirred by the roaring of the sounds and musical instruments. of encouraging music. Here, along with music with varied colors, Mand Raga with makeup is also notable. The rulers of this place have always respected musicians and singing. Here, devotees also practiced and broadcast various ragas of music, in which the names of Mirabai, Dadu, Charandas, Dayabai, and Sahajobai were special.Various musical houses have also developed in Rajasthan. Rites, festivals, and awakening of Gods and Goddesses are performed in the folk music among the masses and matrimonial songs are also sung.

RBSE Class 8 Our Rajasthan Art and Culture in Rajasthan Important Questions and Answers

Objective Type Questions:

Question 1. 
The fort built by Maharaja Surajmal of the Jat dynasty of Bharatpur is-
(a) Lohagarh Fort 
(b) Mehrangarh Fort
(c) Sonargafh Fort 
(d) Gagron Fort
Answer: 
(a) Lohagarh Fort 

Question 2. 
Which fort was built by the Parmar kings Dharavarsha and Munj in the 10th century?
(a) Ranthambore Fort 
(b) Jalore Fort
(c) Chittorgarh Fort 
(d) Bundi Fort
Answer: 
(b) Jalore Fort

Question 3. 
Abhaneri Temple is located in-
(a) Jaipur 
(b) Sikar
(c) Dausa 
(d) Kota
Answer: 
(c) Dausa 

Question 4. 
Gopal Singh's Chhatri is located in-
(a) Alwar 
(b) Bundi
(c) Ramgarh 
(d) Karauli
Answer: 
(d) Karauli

Question 5. 
Which of the following colors has been specially used in Bikaner's paintings?
(a) Green color 
(b) Yellow color
(c) Red color 
(d) Blue color
Answer: 
(b) Yellow color

Question 6. 
In which painting style of Rajasthan, Kadamb tree is found more in the background of paintings? 
(a) In Udaipur Style 
(b) In Kishangarh Style
(c) In Kota-Bundi Style
(d) In Jaipur-Alwar Style
Answer: 
(a) In Udaipur Style 

Fill In The Blanks:

1. ............... were often built strategically and for safety.
2. There were many attacks on the Lohagarh fort but no one could win it. Hence it is also called the ............... fort.
3. Ranthambore fort was built by the ............... dynasty rulers.
4. The Vijay Stambh of Chittorgarh fort is also called the ............... of Indian sculpture.
5. ............... was bom in Katargarh of Kumbhalgarh fort.
6 . The JalDurg of  ............... is located at the confluence of two rivers Kali Sindh and Aahu River.
Answer: 
1. Forts 
2. Invincible
3. Chauhan 
4. Dictionary 
5. MaharanaPratap 
6. Gagron 

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Write the names of the four major temples of Marwar.
Answer: 
The main temples of Marwar are:

1. Dilwara Jain Temple (Abu-Parvat, Sirohi)
2. Ranakpur Jain Temple (Pali)
3. Kiradu Temple (Banner)
4. Temple of Osian (Jodhpur ).

Question 2. 
Write the names of two major temples of Shekhawati-Jaipur.
Answer: 

1. Temple of Khatushyam (Sikar)
2. Govind Devi Temple (Jaipur).

Question 3. 
Who has recognized the Molela sculpture globally?
Answer: 
The potters of Molela village in Rajsamand district have recognized Molela sculpture globally.

Question 4. 
What is the art of making clay idols cooked in fire?
Answer: 
Terracotta is the art of cooking clay idols in fire.

Question 5. 
What is the meaning of Chhatris and Deval?
Answer: 
The memorials built by the rulers of Rajasthan, the feudatories, the superior class, etc. in the memory of their ancestors are known as Chhatris or Deval.

Question 6. 
Write the names of any four styles of Rajasthani painting.
Answer: 

1. Jaipur style 
2. Kishangarh style 
3. Kota-Bundi style and 
4. Bikaner and Jodhpur style.

Question 7. 
Where were the villages settled, keeping in mind the safety and utility of life? 
Answer: 
The Villages were often settled in rivers, ponds and hills or between them, keeping in mind the safety and utility of living.

Question 8. 
Where were the forts built in terms of security?
Answer: 
For safety, the forts were built on high hills, on the banks of deep rivers or in the plains.

Question 9. 
Where is Chittorgarh Fort located? 
Answer:
Chittorgarh fort is situated on the Matsyakar hill, which is surrounded by two strong ramparts. 

Question 10. 
Who built the newly converted fort of Kumbhalgarh and when?
Answer: 
The newly converted fort of Kumbhalgarh was built by MaharanaKumbha in 1458 AD under the leadership of his famous craft Sutradhar Mandan. 

Question 11. 
Write the names of the two major temples of Mewar.
Answer: 
These are the two major temples of Mewar:

1. Three Eklingji's Temple (Udaipur) 
2. Shrinathji's Temple (Nathdwara).

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Write a short comment on the village and city.
Answer: 
Village:
Villages were settled near the rivers, ponds?  hills so that the purpose of safety and the required source for life can be achieved. The houses in the villages were Kutcha or temporary houses covered with banana leaves or hay. Rich people had pattashalas, dhaliyas, shed for cattle and granaries etc.

City:
The settlement of the city was well planned. Towns like Nagda, Chirwa, Kalyanpur, etc. were settled in a place surrounded by valleys, hills or forests. The temple, palace, buildings, perkota, reservoir, and roads were arranged in the city, such as Dilwara, etc. Among the cities settled for safety, Amer, Bundi, Ajmer, Udaipur, Jaisalmer, and Kumbhalgarh etc. are notable.

Question 2. 
Write a short comment on the fort. Answer: Fort:
(i) Forts were built for military construction and for safety. For safely, the fortifications were built on high hills, on the banks of deep rivers or in the plains.

(ii) Deep trenches were built near the. fort, which was filled by water and poisonous animals which helped in stopping the enemies from entering the fort. They were said to be Parikhaa.

(iii) The forts were the safe place of residence for the rulers, army and general public.Due to the adequate arrangement of agricultural food storage, Vapi, Kund, reservoir etc in the fort, soldiers and warriors able to kept all the routes closed for many months and through this they prevented the attacks by enemy.

Question 3. 
Write short notes on the following
(a) Ranthambore Fort 
(b) Jalore Fort 
(c) Amber Fort 
(d) Gagron Fort 
Answer: 
(a) Ranthambore Fort:
The inaccessible and impregnable fort of Ranthambore fort is located on the summit of high hill. This fort was built by the Chauhan dynasty rulers. In this fort, Naulakha Darwaza, HammirMahal, Chhatri of 32 pillars, etc. are the major historical places. The famous temple of Trinetra Ganesh is located in this fort. Presently, this fort and its adjoining forest area comes under the 'Ranthambore Tiger Project' therefore special attention is being given to its restoration, conservation and safety.

(b) Jalore Fort:
Jalore Fort, a symbol of the valour of Sonagara Chauhan in western Rajasthan, is famous for its antiquity and soundness. This fort is located on the Sonagiri hill of the Western Aravalli range, this fort has four gates. It was built in the 10th century by the Parmar kings Dharavarsha and Munj. There are also wells, tanks, temples and a dargah in the fort. 

(c) Amber Fort:
The Amber fort of the Dhundar region is very safe fort. There was a special advancement in the architecture of this fort from the time of Maharaja Mansingh. The architecture here reflects a beautiful fusion of Hindu and Mughal styles. The mosaic and coloured glasses work is very attractive. A famous temple of Shila Devi was built at Ganesh Gate, the entrance of the fort.

(d) Gagron Fort:
Jal durg of Gagron is the famous Jal durg in Rajasthan, which is located in the Jhalawar district. This fort is situated at the confluence pf two rivers Kali Sindh and Ahu River.

Question 4. 
What is known as temple? Since when and by whom has the construction of temples been started in Rajasthan?
Answer: Temple:
Goddesses are established in the temple. They are constructed according to the rules of the Shilpa shastra (the science of art and craft).
The development of temples in Rajasthan is believed to be started from the Gupta period, which has been in the times of Gurjara-Pratihar, Guhil, Chandel, Rathore, Parmar, Solanki, Chalukya and Pala rulers. The temples are often built from time to time with the help of kings, maharajas, queens, jagirdars, nobles, men, and women.

Question 5. 
Mention the major temples of Rajasthan state.
Answer: 
Major temples of Rajasthan are mentioned under the following points-
1. Major temples of Mewar:
Major temples of Mewar are Jagdish Temple (Udaipur), SahastraBahu (Saas- Bahu) Temple (Nagda- Udaipur), Ambika Temple (Udaipur), Shrinathji Temple (Nathdwara), Shri Eklingji Temple (Udaipur), Rishabhdev Jain Temple (Udaipur), Shri Charbhuja Mandir (Garhbor, Rajsamand).

2. Major temples of Marwar:
Major temples of Marwar are-Dilwara Jain Temple (Abu Mountain- Sirohi), the Ranakpur Jain Temple (Pali), the Kiradu Temple (Barmer), and the Osian Temple (Jodhpur).

3. Major temples of Hadoti: 
Major temples of Hadoti are Hindu Temple Badoli (Rawatbhata), Shivmandir Mandideora (Baran), Kanawa Mandir (Kota), and Kamaleshwar Mahadeo (Bundi), Surya Mandir Jhalarapatan (Jhalaawar) etc.

4. Major temples of Shekhawati-Jaipur:
Abhaneri Temple (DausaX Khatushyam Temple (Seeker) and Govindevji Temple (Jaipur) etc.

Question 6. 
Write a comment on the Molela sculpture.
Answer: 
Mobile Sculpture:
The Molela art is recognized globally because of the efforts made by potters of the Rajsamand district. They make the mud idols of folk deities and animals such as Shiva-Parvati, Panihari, Bhairauji, elephant, Ganesha, camel, horse, puppet, Hanuman, parrot, bird, peacock, flute, lion, crocodile, rodent, etc. They are famous as Molela sculptures. Art of cooking clay idols in fire is called Terracotta. Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1. 
Write comments on the following.
(A) Chittorgarh Fort 
(B) Kumbhalgarh Fort 
Answer: 
(A) Chittorgarh Fort:
After the fall of Madhyamika Nagari, the foundation! of the Chittorgarh fort was laid in the 7th century on Chitrakoot hill. Over time, it was developed and expanded from time to time by the Pratihara, Chalukya, Parmar and Sisodia rulers. The architectural work of the different rulers can be seen who has controlled this fort.
1. Location of fort: Shape of fort is like a large fish and it is located on the hill, which is surrounded by two strong ramparts.
2. Architecture: The fort has seven entrances and has palaces, artistic temples, reservoirs etc in it.
3. Vijay Stambh (tower of victory): On the north-eastern angle of the ancient Gaumukh kund pilgrimage site on the fort, Kumbha made the Kirti (Vijay) stambh which is 47 feet high and it has nine feet (storeys) monument to a height of 122 feet is unmatched in its architecture. In the Vijay Stambh of nine volumes, statues of innumerable deities are engraved. Hence it is also called 'Dictionary of Indian Art of Sculpture'. 

(B) Kumbhalgarh Fort:
Kumbhalgarh fort is discussed under the following points-
1. Location of fort:
The fort of Kumbhalgarh is made up of small and big hills and is not easily visible due to being surrounded by valleys and rugged forests. This is the safest fort. It is also called Kumbhalmer.

2. Rebuilding the fort:
It has been rebuilt on the ancient remains of the fort. The latest change was made by RanaKumbha. He built it in 1458 AD under the leadership of his famous craftsman Sutradhar Mandan.

3. Architecture of fort:
(a) Fort has nine fortified gates and it has surrounded by walls which is very strong.
(b) There are deep trenches and pillars under the walls which make it more inaccessible.
(c) The architectural features built on flat land in the fort are unique, such as the temple of NeelkanthMahadev, many jain temples along with Yajnavedi, Jhaliwab (Baoli), Kund of Mamadeva (Mahadeo), Vishnu temple named as Kumbhaswamy Raimal's son Prithviraj's memorial etc.
(d) The highest part of the fort is called Katargarh, where MaharanaPratap was bom. This fort has been of great importance from the border and strategic point of view.

Question 2. 
Write an article on sculpture in Rajasthan. 
Answer: 
Sculpture in Rajasthan:
Gupta Era Sculpture-Rajasthan was also influenced by tradition. In Rajasthan, along with Vaishnayism, Shaivism, Shakta etc. Jainism also got state patronage. Therefore their temples and sculptures were made.

(A) Types of sculptures:
1. Shaiva Statues:
In the ancient tradition of Shaivism, Linga Deity and human statues of Shiva were made in sufficient quantity. Among these statues, Mahesh Murthy, Ardhanarishwar, Uma-Maheshwar, Harihar, Anugraha idols were engraved more. The beauty of the statues is unique.

2. Vaishnav Statues:
In Vaishnava sculptures, AnantTrailokya Mohan in sculptures of Dashavatar, Lakshmi Narayana, Gajalakshmi, Vishnu sat on Garuda etc. are carved beautifully.

3. Shaakt Statues:
In Shakti Sculpture the statues of MahishasuraMardini are predominant. Sun statues can be seen in Osian, Varmana (Sirohi), Jhalrapatan, Chittorgarh etc.

4. Jain Statues:
Metal jain statues have been found in Basantgarh and Ahar from Sirohi region, Jain statues of Mirpur, Abu, Dilwara Jain temples, Ranakpur, Chittorgarh, Osio are particularly notable.

(B) Importance of sculpture:
The main features in sculptures of this era are costume, jewelry, hairstyle which has engraved in different postures,

Question 3. 
Highlight the characteristics of Rajasthan's painting.
Answer: 
Development of Rajasthan's painting:
The painting tradition of Mewar in Rajasthan has been going on for centuries. In order of the tradition of drawing on paper, the 'Supasnah Charitram' text depicted in Delwara during Mokal is particularly notable. This art was confined to the courts of kings, but with the fall of the Sultanates, the painters moved here and there to attain state protection. The Rajasthani rulers then granted them the patronage. Mughal painters, working with local artists and paintings traditional, invented a new style of painting which developed as an independent style due to local features.
Various picture styles:
Painting developed in various princely states became a style due to its local characteristics. These different styles can be identified in terms of color, background, different animals and birds etc.

1. Features of Jaipur:
Alwar Painting
Main features of these paintings are-Special use of green color, more of peepal or banyan trees are found in the background of paintings peacocks and horses are found.

2. Features of Udaipur Painting:
In the style of Udaipur paintings, red color is especially used and Kadamba trees are found more in the background of paintings. Elephants and Chakorbirds are more depicted in the Udaipur style.

3. Features of Kishangarh Paintings:
White and pink colour has been used in Kishangarh painting style. The banana plant is 
depicted more in the background of the paintings.

4. Features of Kota-Bundi Paintings:
in Kota-Bundi style painting. The tall date palm trees are depicted more in the background of the paintings.

5. ther Features:
(a) The shape of men and women are also different in different styles of paintings. 
(b) The influence of the Mughal painting can be seen in the painting style of Amer (Jaipur), Jodhpur and Bikaner. Along with paintings of hunting, entertainment activities and festivals, pictures related to natural, daily life, customs and traditions were also made.