RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 2 Socialism in Europe and the Russian Revolution

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1. 
One who allows a lot of social, political relegious and economic changes?
(a) Radical 
(b) Liberal 
(c) Conservative 
(d) Jadidists
Answer:
(b) Liberal 

Question 2.
One who is in favour of complete political or social changes—
(a) Conservative 
(b) Kulkas 
(c) Radical 
d) Autocrats 
Answer:
(c) Radical 

Question 3. 
One who opposes to great or sudden social change—
(a) Jadidists
(b) Radical
(c) Conservative
(d) Liberals
Answer:
(c) Conservative

Question 4.
 Kolkhoz’ were the
(a) Collective farms 
(b) Directory
(c) Taxes 
(d) Civil War
Answer:
(a) Collective farms 

Question 5. 
What was the date of Bolshevik uprising in Petrograde?
(a) 22nd February 
(b) 24th October
(c) 27th December 
(d) 4th July
Answer:
(b) 24th October

Question 6. 
What per cent of the Russian empire’s population earned their living from agriculture?
(a) 40 
(b) 60 
(c) 70 
(d) 85
Answer:
(d) 85

Question 7.
Who were jadidists within the Russian empire?
(a) Muslim reformers 
(b) Muslim workers
(c) Buddhist reformers 
(d) Buddhist cultivators
Answer:
(a) Muslim reformers 

Question 8. 
In which year was the monarchy brought down in Russia?
(a) 1917 
(b) 1907 
(c) 1905 
(d) 1901
Answer:
(a) 1917 

Question 9. 
What were the pro-tsarists called?
(a) Reds 
(b) Greens 
(c) Whites 
(d) Blues
Answer:
(c) Whites 

Question 10. 
Who started collectivisation programme in Russia?
(a) Stalin 
(b) Lenin 
(c) Kerenskii 
(d) Trotskii
Answer:
(a) Stalin 

Question 11. 
What is associated with the 1905 Revolution?
(a) Fall of Tsarist autocracy 
(b) Dismissed of the fourth Duma
(c) Bloody Sunday 
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c) Bloody Sunday 

Question 12. 
Who was the ruler of Russia and its empire in 1914?
(a) Lenin 
(b) Karl Marx 
(c) Tsar Nicholas II 
(d) Louis XVI
Answer:
(c) Tsar Nicholas II 

Question 13. 
Which division faced the food shortage in February 1917?
(a) Workers 
(b) Radicals 
(c) Rich Class 
(d) Church
Answer:
(a) Workers 

Question 14. 
Who proposed ‘April Thesis’?
(a) Karl Marx 
(b) Lenin 
(c) Stalin 
(d) Kerenskii
Answer:
(b) Lenin 

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. 
............. fought for equal rights in Italy.
Answer:
Giuseppe Mazzini 

Question 2. 
............. fought against capitalism in Russia.
Answer:
Karl Marx 

Question 3. 
Russian Social Democratic Workers’ Party was formed in the year............. 
Answer:
1898 

Question 4. 
First World War broke out in the year............. 
Answer:
1914

Question 5. 
Germany ............. , and .............  were known as the central powers during First World War.
Answer:
Austria and Turkey

True or False:

Question 1. 
The Russion social Democratic workes party was founded in 1889.
Answer:
False 

Question 2. 
The majority religion of Russia was catholics, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhist.
Answer:
True 

Question 3. 
The commerce of farmers was known as Duma.
Answer:
False 

Question 4. 
Father Gapon led the procession of workers to the event ‘Bloody Sunday’ in Russia.
Answer:
True 

Question 5. 
In the Russian civil war the Bolshevirs and the socialist revolutionaries were represented by whites and reds colour.
Answer:
False

Match the column:

Column A	Column B
(1) Giuseppe Mazzini	(a) 1900
(2) Assembly of Russian workers	(b) Italian Nationalist
(3) Tsarist autocracy collapse	(c) 1904
(4) Civil war	(d) 1917
(5) Socialist Revolutionary party	(e) 1918-20

Answers

Column A	Column B
(1) Giuseppe Mazzini	(b) Italian Nationalist
(2) Assembly of Russian workers	(c) 1904
(3) Tsarist autocracy collapse	(d) 1917
(4) Civil war	(e) 1918-20
(5) Socialist Revolutionary party	(a) 1900

 

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Why did the Russian cavalry refuse to fire on the demonstrators?
Answer: 
The Russian cavalry refused to fire on the demonstrators because they were tired of the illegal actions of the Tsar.

Question 2. 
In the context of Russia what was Kolkhoz?
Answer: 
Kolkhoz were the collective farms where all the peasants were forced to cultivate from 1929.

Question 3. 
Name a few countries that were part of central power during the First World War?
Answer: 
Germany, Austria and Turkey.

Question 4. 
What was Lenin’s ‘April Theses’?
Answer: 
The three demands, of Vladimir Lenin after his return to Russia in April 1917 were called Lenin’s ‘April Theses’.
These were:
(1) Transfer of land to peasants 
(2) End of war 
(3) Nationalisation of banks.

Question 5. 
Who formed the Provisional Government to run the country?
Answer: 
Soviet leaders and the Duma leaders formed a Provisional Government to run 

Question 6. 
Who controlled economic and social powers before the 18th century in France?
Answer: 
The aristocracy and the church controlled the economic and social powers in France before the 18th century.

Question 7. 
What were the varied responses in Europe about transformation of society?
Answer: 
There were some who accepted that some changes were necessary but wished to have a gradual shift while others wanted to restructure society radically.

Question 8. 
Mention the type of government favoured by the liberals.
Answer: 
The liberals insisted on a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.

Question 9. 
In the Russian Civil War, the Bolsheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries are represented by which colours?
Answer: 
Bolsheviks: Red colour; Socialist Revolutionaries: Green colour

Question 10. 
The ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats’. Give valid reason.
Answer: 
The ‘liberals’ were not ‘democrats’ because they did not believe in universal adult franchise and felt that only men of property should have a right to vote. They were against voting rights to women.

Question 11. 
Mention one significant view of the radicals.
Answer: 
Radicals wanted a nation in which the government was based on the majority of a country’s population.

Question 12. 
Which group ideology was against any kind of political or social change earlier in the 18th century?
Answer: 
The conservatives, in the early 18th century were against any kind of political and social change.

Question 13. 
What were the ideas of‘conservatives’ regarding social change in the 19th century?
Answer: 
The conservatives believed that some change was required in the society but the changes should be slow.

Question 14. 
What kind of developments took place as a result of new political trends in Europe?
Answer: 
As a result of new political trends in Europe industrial revolution occurred, new cities came up and railways expanded.

Question 15.
List the major change during industrialisation.
Answer: 
Men, women and children were brought to factories during industrialisation.

Question 16. 
What were the firm beliefs of the liberals?
Answer: 
The liberals firmly believed in the value of individual effort, labour and enterprise.

Question 17. 
How would society develop according to the liberals?
Answer: 
Liberals believed that societies would develop if freedom of individuals was ensured, if poor could labour, and those with capital could operate without restraint. 

Question 18. 
Who were the people that wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in Europe in 1815?
Answer: 
Some nationalists, liberals and radicals who became revolutionaries wanted to put an immediate end to the existing governments in Europe in 1815.

Question 19. 
Who was responsible for achieving equal rights in Italy?
Answer:
An Italian nationalist, Giuseppe Mazzini, conspired with others to achieve equal rights to all citizens in Italy after 1815.

Question 20. 
Why were the socialists against private property?
Answer: 
The socialists were against private property because they thought it as the root of all social evils of the time. Those who owned property were concerned only about their personal gains rather than social welfare.

Question 21. 
What did Karl Marx want workers to overthrow? Why?
Answer: 
Karl Marx wanted the workers to overthrow capitalism and free themselves from capitalist exploitation.

Question 22. 
State the names of two workers associations formed in 1905.
Answer: 

1. Labour Party in Britain
2. Socialist Party in France.

Question 23. 
lyiention the regions included in Russian empire.
Answer: 
The Russian empire included territory around Moscow and current-day Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, parts of Poland, Ukraine and Belarus. It also comprised some of today’s Central Asian states and Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan.

Question 24. 
Name the religions practised in the Russian empire.
Answer: 
The religion in the Russian empire also included Russian Orthodox Christianity, Protestants, Muslims and Buddhists.

Question 25. 
Which was the major occupation of Russian people at the beginning of twentieth century?
Answer: 
Agriculture was the major occupation of the Russians at this time.

Question 26. 
Name the prominent industrial areas in the Russian empire.
Answer: 
St. Petersburg and Moscow were the prominent industrial areas.

Question 27. 
What was the commune/mir?
Answer: 
The commune/mir was a cooperative community of people in Russia living together and sharing possessions and responsibilities.

Question 28. 
Mention the role of Socialist Revolutionary Party.
Answer: 
The Socialist Revolutionary Party struggled for peasants’ rights and demanded that land belonging to nobles be transferred to peasants.

Question 29. 
Gn what point did the social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries differed with each others?
Answer: 
The socialist felt that peasants were not a united group. Some were poor while others were rich, some worked as labourers while others were capitalists.

Question 30. 
How was the Socialist Revolutionary Party divided over the strategy of organisation?
Answer: 
One group under Lenin felt that the party should be disciplined in number and quality of members should be maintained. Others wanted the party to be opened to all.  

Question 31. 
Which communities demanded constitution during 1905 Revolution? Who supported them?
Answer: 
Liberals, Social Democrats and Socialist Revolutionaries with peasants and workers demanded constitution. Nationalists and jadidists supported them.

Question 32. 
Who were jadidists?
Answer: 
The jadidists were the Muslim reformers within the Russian empire. They wanted modernised Islam to lead their societies.

Question 33. 
What was Bloody Sunday?
Answer: 
Bloody Sunday was an incident when a workers' procession led by Father Gapon was attacked by the police and the Cossacks at winter Palace killing over 100 workers.

Question 34. 
What do you mean by Union of Unions?
Answer: 
During the 1905 revolution, lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle class workers established a Union of Unions and demanded a constituent assembly.

Question 35. 
Why did the Tsar dismiss the first Duma within 75 days of its election?
Answer: 
The Tsar dismissed the first Duma within 75 days of its election because the Tsar did not want any reduction in his power and anyone to question his authority.

Question 36. 
Between which two European alliances First World War broke out?
Answer: 
Tlie two European alliances were Germany, Austria and Turkey and France, Britain and Russia. ‘

Question 37. 
Give one instance of high anti-German sentiments in Russia.
Answer: 
Renaming of St Petersburg-a German name, as Petrograd showed the high anti-German sentiments.

Question 38. 
What made autocracy unpopular in Russia?
Answer: 
The German origin of the Tsarina Alexandra and advisers like the monk Rasputin made the autocracy unpopular in Russia.

Question 39. 
What were the divisions in the layout of the Petrograd city?
Answer: 
Workers’ quarters and factories were located on the right bank of River Neva whereas on the left bank fashionable area, the Winter Palace and official building were located.

Question 40. 
What was the new idea which began to be discussed in many parts of the world including Europe and Asia?
Answer: 
The new idea was individual rights which controlled social power.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
What were the main objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries?
Answer: 
Main objectives of the Russian Revolutionaries are:

1. Peace: People of Russia had realised that imperialist wars of the Tsar were suicidal for Russia and hence they demanded peace. Soon Russia withdrew from the war.
2. Control of industry by the workers.
3. Equal status for the non-Russian Nationalities.
4. Transfer of land to the cultivators: The cultivators demanded for sufficient land to make their both ends meet.
5. Nationalisation of all the banks. 

Question 2. 
Explain the reasons for the success of socialist economy in post¬revolution Russia.
Answer: 

1. Glaring irregularities in the society were done away with the estates of the rich-like the landlords, the Tsar and the church - were confiscated and handed over without hired labour. Such a socialist act proved very successful and popular.
2. The capitalism or exploitation of the poor was done away and everybody forced to work and earn his own living.
3. The right to work became a constitutional right and it became the duty of the state to provide employment to every individual. 

Question 3. 
Mention the factors responsible for industrialisation in Russia in the late 19th century.
Answer: 

1. Railway network extended.
2. Increased foreign investments.
3. Coal production doubled.
4. Iron and Steel output quadrupled.

Question 4. 
Differentiate between the ideas of liberals and radicals?
Answer:

Liberals	Radicals
(i) They wanted voting rights for propertied men only.	(i) They wanted a Nation in which government was based on country’s majority of population.
(ii) They were against women’s right to vote.	(ii) They supported women’s suffragette movement.
(iii) They favoured the idea of privileges.	(iii) They were against to the privileges of great land owners and wealthy factory owners.

 

Question 5. 
Enlist some facts about conservative?
Answer: 
Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals.

1. After the French revolution conservatives had opened their mind to the need of change.
2. While earlier in the eighteenth century conservatives were against the idea of change, by the 19th century they accepted that some change was inevitable but believe that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through slow process.

Question 6. 
Who were the ‘greens’ and ‘whites’?
Answer: 
‘Greens’ means Socialist revolutionaries and ‘whites’ mean pro-tsarist. They were supported by French, American, British and the Japanese troops as these forces were worried about the growth of Socialism in Russia.

Question 7. 
State any three events responsible for Bloody Sunday.
Answer: 
Events are given below:

1. Prices of essential goods rose sharply.
2. Workers in St Petersburg went on strike demanding improvement in working conditions.
3. When the processions of workers led by father Gapon reached the winter palace it was attacked by the police and over 100 workers were killed. This was called Bloody Sunday.

Question 8. 
State the three measures taken by the Provisional Government to supress the Bolshevik’s influence.
Answer: 
Provisional Government took following measures:

1. Army was used to attack the demonstrators.
2. Bolshevik demonstrations were supressed.
3. Soviet leaders were arrested by government.

Question 9. 
Explain the impact of Russian Revolution on the world.
Or
Describe the global influence of Russian Revolution on other countries of the world.
Answer: 
Impact of Russian Revolution as given below:

1. Formation of communist parties in other countries.
2. Colonial countries were inspired to start their freedom struggle.
3. The Bolsheviks founded (1920) Comintern
4.  Many non-Russians participated in the conference of the people of the East.

Question 10. 
Explain any three effects of First World War on Russia.
Answer: 

1. There were over 7 million casualties by 1917.
2. The destruction of crops and buildings led to over 3 million refugees in Russia.
3. Industrial equipment disintegrated more rapidly in Russia than elsewhere in Europe. Many railway lines were broken down.

Question 11. 
Explain Stalin’s collectivisation programme.
Or
Describe any five points of Stalin’s collectivisation programme.
Answer: 

1. Party forced peasants for cultivation in collective farms.
2. The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms.
3. Peasants worked on the land and the kolkhoz shared their profit.
4. Very angry peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their live stock.
5. Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled.
6. Stalin’s government allowed some independent cultivation but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.

Question 12. 
What were the main changes brought about by the Bolsheviks immediately after the October Revolution.
Answer:
Changes are given below:

1. Most industries and banks were nationalised in November 1917.
2. Land was declared social property.
3. In cities Bolsheviks enforced the partition of large houses according to family requirements.
4. Banned the use of the old titles of aristocracy.
5. New uniforms were designed for the army and officials.
6. Secret police was started to crush the opponents. 

Question 13. 
Highlight the views of Radicals?
Answer: 
Radicals were a group of people who wanted to reform the society.

1. They wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population.
2. They also supported women’s suffragette movement.
3. They opposed to privileges of land’s owner’s and wealthy factory owners.
4. They were not against the existence of private property but they were against the concentration of property in few hands.

Question 14. 
Who was Lenin? Explain ‘April Theses’.
Answer: 
Lenin was an important leader of the Bolshevik Party. In April 1917 he returned to Russia from his exile. His three demands were known as ‘April Theses’. His three demands were:

1. War be brought to a close.
2. Land be transferred to peasants.
3. Banks be nationalised.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
What kind of ideas emerged in Europe after the French Revolution? What kind of change did they want?
Answer: 
After French Revolution mainly three types of ideas emerged in Europe. They were (i) Liberals (ii) Radicals (iii) Conservatives. Their opinion were:
(i) Liberals:
(a) One of the groups which looked to change society were the liberals. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religion. Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers.

(b) They argued for a representative, elected parliamentary government, subject to law interpreted by a well-trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials.

(c) They did not believe in universal adult franchise. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote.

(d) They believed that government should not have the right to violate the rights of any one.

(ii) Radicals:
(a) Radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of country's population.
(b) Many supported women's suffragette movement. Unlike liberals, they opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners.
(c) They were not against the existence of private property but dislied concentration of property in the hands of few.

(iii) Conservatives:
(a) Conservatives were opposed to radicals and liberals.

(b) Before the French revolution conservatives had been generally opposed to the idea of change however by the nineteenth century they accepted that some changes were inevitable.

(c) They believed that the past had to be respected and change had to be brought about through a slow process.

Question 2. 
What kind of ideas did Karl Marx propose in favour of socialism?
Answer: 
Karl Marx (1818-1882) was a famous socialist.
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels added other ideas to this body of arguments.

1. Marx argued that industrial society was 'capitalist'. Capitalists owned the capital invested in factories, and the profit of capitalists was produced by workers.
2. According to Marx the conditions of workers could not improve as long as this profit was accumulated by private capitalists. Workers had to overthrow capitalism and the rule of private property.
3. Marx believed that to free themselves from capitalist exploitation, workers had to construct a radically socialist society where all property was socially controlled.
4. This would be a communist society.
5. He was convinced that workers would triumph in their conflict with capitalists. 

Question 3. 
Explain in detail about the events which gave birth to Russian Revolutionof 1917.
Answer: 
Following are the major events which gave birth to Russian Revolution of 1917
(i) Revolution of 1905: 
In 1905, Tsar's army opened fire on a peaceful procession of workers and peasants. In this 100 workers were killed and about 300 wounded. Strikes took place all over the country. Although Tsar suppressed this revolution by repression.

(ii) Inferior condition of farmers: 
The condition of farmers were pathetic in Russia because fields were small, source of irrigation was not good, agriculture was old fashioned, they did not have agricultural machinary. They were under burden of tax. These inferior condition of farmers also became the main reason for revolution.

(iii) Conditions of peasants: 
Industrial revolution started in Russia in the late 19th century but capital came from abroad. Foreign capitalists wanted to earn more profit. They did not paid attention to the condition of workers. They used to get more work in less payment and also treated them badly. Therefore there was growing dissatisfaction among them. This inferior situation of labourers more also one of the main reason for French revolution.

(iv) Contribution of philosophers: 
Philosophers like Karl Marx, Tolstoy etc, influenced the people with their thoughts. They spread the ideology of awakening among farmers and labourers.

(v) First world war: In order to fulfill his ambitions, Tsar involve Russia in world war I, though Russia's economic condition was poor. Russian army had to face defeat in war 70 lakh were killed till 1917. As a result there was widespread discontent in soldiers.

(vi) Autocratic rule of Tsar: Tsar was an autocratic imperialism ruler. Therefore, Russia was trapped in economic crisis due to continuous war. This made Tsar's rule unbearable to people. Therefore it also became one of the major reason for French revolution.

Question 4. 
Write an essay on Stalin's collectivisation programme.
Answer: 
Stalin's policy of collectivisation:
Stalin started the policy of collectivisation. He headed the party after the Lenin's death. He believed that rich peasants and traders in the country side were holding stocks in the hope of higher prices. Following are the main points of Lenin's polity.

(i) Ater 1917, land had been given over to peasants. These small sized peasant farms could not be modernised. To develop modern farms, and run them along industrial lines with machinery, it was necessary to 'eliminate kulaks', take away land from peasants, and establish state- controlled large farms.

(ii) From 1929, the Party forced all peasants to cultivate in collective farms (kolkhoz). The bulk of land and implements were transferred to the ownership of collective farms. Peasants worked on the land, and the kolkhoz profit was shared.

(iii) Enraged peasants resisted the authorities and destroyed their livestock. Between 1929 and 1931, the number of cattle fell by one-third. Those who resisted collectivisation were severely punished. Many were deported and exiled.

(iv)  As they resisted collectivisation, peasants argued that they were not rich
and they were not against socialism. They merely did not want to work in collective farms for a variety of reasons.

(v) Stalin's government allowed some independent cultivation, but treated such cultivators unsympathetically.

(vi) In spite of collectivisation, production did not increase immediately. In fact, the bad harvests of 1930-1933 led to one of most devastating famines in Soviet history when over 4 million died.

Question 5. 
Explain the global impact of the Russian revolution and the Soviet
union.
Answer: 
The Russian revolution of 1917 was a new experience for the whole world. This made the dream of establishing the kingdom of hard  working people come true. 

Following are the impact of the Russian revolution and the soviet union.

(i) Existing socialist parties in Europe did not wholly approve of the way the Bolsheviks took power- and kept it. However, the possibility of a worker's state fired people's imagination across the world.

(ii) In many countries, communist parties were formed— like the communist Party of Great Britain.

(iii) The Bolsheviks encouraged colonial peoples to follow their experiment. Many non-Russians from outside the USSR participated in the Conference of the People of the East (1920) and the Bolshevik-founded eomintem (an international union of pro-Bolshevik socialist parties).

(iv) Some received education in the USSR's Communist University of the Workers of the East.

(v) By the time of the outbreak of the Second World War, the USSR had given socialism a global face and world stature.

(vi) Yet by the 1950s it was acknowledged within the country that the style of government in the USSR was not in keeping with the ideals of the Russian revolution. In the world socialist movement too it was recognised that all was not well in the Soviet Union. A backward country had become a great power. Its industries and agriculture had developed and the poor were being fed. But it had denied the essential freedoms to its citizens and carried out its developmental projects through repressive policies.

(vii) By the end of the twentieth century, the international reputation of the USSR as a socialist country had declined though it was recognised that socialist ideals still enjoyed respect among its people.

(viii) But in each country the ideas of socialism were rethought in a variety of different ways.