RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter4 Climate Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Geography Chapter 4 Climate

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1. 
State the total annual rainfall received in Meghalaya
(a) Below 200 cm 
(b) 2040 cm
(c) More than 400 cm 
(d) 200-300 cm
Answer:
(c) More than 400 cm 

Question 2. 
Which of the following is not an element of weather and dimate
(a) Air 
(b) Altitude 
(c) Relief 
(d) Latitude
Answer:
(a) Air 

 

Question 3. 
During these months the Tamil Nadu Coast get most of its rainfall
(a) March to July 
(b) August to December
(c) October to November 
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) October to November 

Question 4. 
Which one of the following places of India experiences the highest summer
(a) Bihar 
(b) Punjab 
(c) Haryana 
(d) Jaisalmer
Answer:
(d) Jaisalmer

Question 5. 
Which of the following does not affect the dimate of a place
(a) Altitude 
(b) Latitude
(c) Distance from the sea 
(d) Water
Answer:
(d) Water

Question 6. 
The ‘Jet Stream’ are located at the latitudes of
(a) 27°-30° north Latitude
(b) 30°-35° N Latitude
(c). 15°-20° N Latitude 
(d) 40°-45° N Latitude
Answer:
(a) 27°-30° north Latitude

Question 7. 
The weather becomes oppressive during the day of the month of October is
(a) Tropical Climate 
(b) October heat 
(c) Kaal Baisakhi 
(d) Loo
Answer:
(b) October heat 

Question 8. 
Name the state on the eastern coast which is frequently struck by the tropical cydones
(a) Tamil Nadu 
(b) West Bengal 
(c) Odisha 
(d) Kerala
Answer:
(a) Tamil Nadu 

Question 9.
What is the highest temperature that reaches in Thar Desert in summer
(b) 45°C 
(c) 25°C 
(d) 38°C 
Answer:
(a) Nearly 50°C 

Question 10. 
Which is the most effected area of the monsoon?
(a) 35°N and 30°S latitudes 
(b) 20°N and 20°S latitude
(c) 10°N and 20°S latitudes 
(d) 25°N and 20°S latitude
Answer:
(b) 20°N and 20°S latitude

Question 11. 
How much rainfall in percentage occurs during a rainy day?
(a) 75% and 90% 
(b) 50% 
(c) 80% 
(d) 20%
Answer: 
(a) 75% and 90% 

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1. 
The coldest place in India is ..............
Answer:
Drass 

 

Question 2. 
Pre-monsoon showers in Kerala and Karnataka are called .............. 
Answer:
Mango shower

Question 3.  
.............. s an apparent force casued by earth’s rotation.
Answer:
Coriolis force 

Question 4.
India’s climate is of .............. type.
Answer:
monsoon

Question 5. 
People built their houses on stilts in .............. 
Answer:
Assam

Question 6. 
The houses of .............. regions have sloping roofs.
Answer:
tarai

True or False:

Question 1. 
Climate is a statical data of weather condition.
Answer:
True

Question 2. 
State of atmosphere over an area at any point of time is called temperature.
Answer: 
False

Question 3. 
Western Ghats act as a barrier in the path of the Arabian sea branch.
Answer:
True

Question 4. 
Odisha and Andhra Pradesh states receives winter rainfall.
Answer: 
False

Question 5. 
Weather is a state of atmosphere at a place at any time.
Answer: 
True

Question 6. 
Tropical areas have extreme climate.
Answer: 
False

 

Match the column:

Column A	Column B
(1) Arabian word	(a) Seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year
(2) Coriolis force	(b) Spanish word
(3) Monsoon	(c) Mausim
(4) Mahawat	(d) West Bengal
(5) Al-nino	(e) Important for cultivation of rabi crop
(6) Kaalbaisakhi	(f) An apparent force caused by earth’s rotation

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(1) Arabian word	(c) Mausim
(2) Coriolis force	(f) An apparent force caused by earth’s rotation
(3) Monsoon	(a) Seasonal reversal in the wind direction during a year
(4) Mahawat	(e) Important for cultivation of rabi crop
(5) Al-nino	(b) Spanish word
(6) Kaalbaisakhi	(d) West Bengal

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
What is the importance of the westerly flow?
Answer: 
The western cyclonic disturbances which cause snowfall in the northern mountains and rainfall in the north and north western India are brought by the jet stream.

Question 2. 
What are the elements of weather and climate?
Answer: 
The elements of weather and climate are the same, i.e., temperature, atmospheric pressure, wind, humidity and precipitation.

Question 3. 
Name the winds that cause snow and rainfall in the northern parts of India during the winter season. Explain the direction in which they enter India.
Answer: 
The western disturbances cause rain in the northern parts during the winter season. These cyclones originate from the Mediterranean Sea. They travel eastward and reach India during the winter season.

Question 4. 
What do you mean by ‘burst of the monsoons?
Answer: 
When the monsoon arrives, the intensity of the rainfall increases which continues for several days; this is, known as the ‘burst’ of the monsoon.

 

Question 5. 
What is ‘October Heat’?
Answer: 
As the monsoon retreats, the skies become clear. The temperature rises and it is still humid. The weather becomes quite uncomfortable during the day due to high temperatures and humidity. This is commonly known as “October Heat

Question 6. 
In spite of the Aravalli hills, many parts of Rajasthan, Western Rajasthan do not receive much rainfall. Why?
Answer: 
This is because the Aravallis lie parallel to the South West monsoon of Arabian Sea branch. Therefore, the winds bypass this region and no rain is shed. Also, the winds of the Bay of Bengal branch lose much of their moisture by the time they get to these areas. The height of the Aravalli Range is not high enough to block the rain bearing clouds and cause rain in this region.

Question 7. 
Rainfall decreases as one travels up the Ganga valley.
Answer: 
When the Bay of Bengal branch of the South West monsoon hits the mountains in the Assam region, it deflects towards the west over the Ganga Plains. The winds keep losing moisture as one travels up the Ganga valley and the rainfall decreases.

Question 8. 
Explain why Cochin has an equable climate, while Delhi has a continental climate?
Answer: 
Neamess to the sea has a moderating influence on the climate of Cochin. Therefore, it has an equable climate. On the other hand, Delhi is situated in the interior of India and has no large water body near it. Therefore, it has Continental climate.

Question 9. 
Explain why Kanyakumari is the first to receive the South West Monsoon winds and the last to experience its retreat in the mainland India.
Answer: 
Kanyakumari is at the Southernmost tip of India and the South West Monsoon strike the Southernmost tip of India first. The withdrawal, takes place progressively froip northern to southern parts of mainland India. Therefore, Kanyakumari is the last to experience the retreat of monsoon.

Question 10. 
What are the three sources of rain in Punjab?
Answer: 
Punjab receives rain from the Arabian Sea Branch and the Bay of Bengal Branch
of the Southwest monsoon. In winters, it receives rain from the Western cyclonic disturbances coming in from the Mediterranean Sea.

Question 11. 
What is meant by the Pre-Monsoon Period?
Answer: 
It is the period prior to the rainy season when the whole of India has high temperature resulting formation of low pressure areas and showers.

Question 12. 
Complete the following table with correct information with regard to winter season.

Winter season	Name of the state	Temperature	Remarks
	Jammu and Kashmir	- 45° C	Himalayan region
	Thiruvananthapuram	?	Coastal region

Answer:
22° C

Question 1. 
What does the Arabic word ‘mausim’ literally mean?
Answer: 
Season

 

Question 2. 
What is the weather condition that is very hot during summers and very cold during winters called?
Answer:
Continentality

Question 3. 
Which type of climate is experienced in parts of India lying north of the Tropic of Cancer?
Answer: 
Subtropical climate.

Question 4. 
What is the average height of mountains located to the north of India? Answer: About 6,000 metres

Question 5. 
Which winds account for rainfall along the Malabar coast?
Answer: 
North east monsoon winds

Question 6. 
What are the fast flowing winds blowing in an arrow zone in the troposphere called?
Answer: 
Jet streams

Question 7. 
Name the weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.
Answer: 
The western cyclonic disturbances .

Question 8. 
Which season can be experienced in Northern India from mid November till February?
Answer: 
The cold weather season.

Question 9. 
What is the winter rainfall locally called?
Answer: 
Mahawat

Question 10. 
Which are the hot and dry winds blowing during the summer days over the north and northwestern India?
Answer: 
Loo

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
How do the Himalayas influence the climate of India?
Answer: 
The Himalayas lying north of India block the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent. This saves the subcontinent from the harsh winters as experienced in central Asia. The monsoon winds also collide with the Himalayas and cause plenty of rainfall in India.

Question 2. 
Explain how the pressure difference in the Pacific and the Indian Ocean is used to predict the intensity and timely arrival of monsoons in India.
Answer: 
The difference in pressure over Tahiti in the Pacific Ocean and Darwin in The Indian Ocean is computed to predict the intensity of the monsoons. If the pressure differences are negative, it means below average and late monsoon.

Question 3. 
What are the four main seasons experienced in India. Explain their durations.
Answer: 
The four main seasons experienced in India are the cold weather season, the hot weather season, the advancing monsoon season and the retreating monsoon season. The cold weather season starts in December and lasts till February. The hot weather season is from March to May. The advancing monsoon season begins in June and lasts till September. The retreating monsoon season is in October and November.

Question 4. 
Explain how southwest monsoon winds are drawn towards India in the first week of June.
Answer: 
By the first week of June, low pressure conditions get intensified over the northern plains of India. It attracts the southeast trade winds which originate over the warm subtropical areas of the southern oceAnswer: These southeast trade winds cross the equator and blow in a south-westerly direction to enter the Indian peninsula as the south¬west monsoon. These winds blow over the warm oceans and thus bring moisture to the Indian subcontinent.

 

Question 5. 
Distinguish between the southwest and northeast monsoon winds.
Answer:

South-west Monsoon winds	North-East Monsoon winds
(i) They bring rain during summer.	(i) They bring rain during winter.
(ii) They blow from high pressure area on the sea to the low pressure area on the land.	(ii) They blow from the high pressure area on land to the low pressure area on the sea.
(iii) They blow in two branches the Arabian sea and the Bay of Bengal.	(iii) They have only one branch.

Question 6.
Distinguish between equable climate and extreme climate. 
Answer:

Equable climate	Extreme climate
(i) Equable climate is found in the coastal regions, and is also known as the maritime climate.	(i) The extreme climate is also known as the continental climate.
(ii) Places with equable climate do not have very high temperatures in summers and very low temperatures in winters.	(ii) The places with continental climate are very hot in summers and very cold in winters.
(iii) In places with equable climate, the	(iii) There is a wide difference between day and night temperatures in places with extreme climate.

Question 7. 
Why does much of the Central Maharashtra have only light rainfall?
Answer: 
Central Maharashtra has only light rainfall because it lies in the rain shadow of the Western Ghats. By the time the Arabian Sea branch of the South West Monsoon winds cross the Ghats, they have very little moisture left as much of the rain has been shed on the windward side or western Maharashtra.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Explain the main factors that determine the climate of a place.
Answer: 
There are 6 main factors that determine the climate of a place. They are as follows

(i) Latitudes:
Due to the curvature of the earth, the amount of solar energy received varies according to latitude. As a result, air temperature generally decreases from the equator towards the poles, which determines the climate of a place.

(ii) Altitude or height:
As one goes from the surface of the earth to higher altitudes, the atmosphere becomes less dense and temperature decreases, which determines the climate of a place.

(iii) Pressure and Winds:
The pressure and wind system of any area depend on the latitude and altitude of the place. Pressure and winds have extensive effect on the climate of any place; because it influences the temperature and rainfall pattern.

(iv) Distance from the sea:
The sea exerts a moderating influence on climate, Therefore, distance from the sea is an important factor in determining the climate of a place.

(v) Ocean currents:
Ocean currents along with onshore winds affect the climate of the coastal areas, For example, any coastal area with warm or cold currents flowing past it, will be warmed or cooled- It depends on whether offshore winds are present or not.

(vi) Relief:
Relief too plays a major role in determining the climate of a place. High mountain ranges protect from cold or hot winds. They may also cause precipitation if they are high enough and lie in the path of rain-bearing winds. The leeward side of mountains remains relatively dry.

Question 2. 
Explain the main factors that determine the climate of India.
Answer: 
Following are the factors that determine the climate of India-
A. Latitude: 
The latitude between which India is situated has a profound effect on its climate. The Tropic of Cancer passes through the middle of the country from the Rann of Kuchchh in the west to Mizoram in the east. Almost half of the country, lying south of the Tropic of Cancer, belongs to the tropical area. All the remaining area, north of the Tropic, lies in the sub-tropics. Therefore, India’s climate has characteristics of tropical as well as subtropical climates.

 

B. Altitude: 
The elevation of mainland of India also affects its climate. India has Himalaya to the north. It has an average height of about 6,000 metres. India also has a vast coastal area where the maximum elevation is about 30 metres. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from Climate entering the subcontinent. Because of these mountains the northern India experiences milder winters in spite of higher latitudes.

C. Pressure and Wind: 
The climate and associated weather conditions in India are governed by the following atmospheric conditions
(i) Pressure and surface winds:
In India, the direction of the wind changes completely in the winter season and summer season. During winter, there is a high-pressure area north of the Himalayas. Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low-pressure areas over the oceans to the south. In summer, a low-pressure area develops over interior Asia, as well as, over northwestern India. This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer. Air moves from the high-pressure south-easterly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low-pressure areas over the Indian subcontinent. These are known as the Southwest Monsoon winds. These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.

(ii) Upper air circulation:
The upper air circulation in Indian region is dominated by a westerly flow. An important component of this flow is the jet stream. In India, these jet streams blow south of the Himalayas, all through the year except in summer. In summer, the subtropical westerly ‘ jet stream moves north of the Himalayas with the apparent movement of the sun. An easterly jet stream, called the sub-tropical easterly jet stream blows over peninsular India, approximately over 14°N during the summer months.

(iii) Western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones:
The western cyclonic disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region. They bring rain in the north and north-western parts of India. Along with the return of the monsoon, tropical cyclones occur in the months of October and November. They are a part of the eastern flow. They cause widespread and heavy rainfall on the eastern coast of India. Most of the rainfall on the Coromandal coast is due to these cyclones.
Thus all the above factors affect the climate of India.

Question 3. 
Discuss the geographical conditions of summer season.
Answer: 
Geographical condition of summer season can be discussed under following headings-

A. Time: 
From March to May, it is hot weather season in India. Because of regional variation it stays till the month of June in some part.

B. Temperature: 
Summer brings extreme heat as temperature rises. There are three main reason for increase in temperature in north India. They are:
(i)The sunrays fall vertically in the northern hemisphere.
(ii) Distance from ocean.
(iii) Temperature rise due to anticyclone In March, the highest temperature is about 38° Celsius, recorded on the Deccan plateau. In April, temperatures in Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh . are around 42° Celsius. In Southern India temperatures remain lower due to the moderating influence of the oceAnswer: Region near to sea and mountainous parts remain cold. 

C. Pressure and winds: 
The summer months experience rising temperature and falling air pressure in the northern part of the country. Very low pressure area is established in the desert region of Rajasthan and Punjab. Hot dry wind blows in north India in this season which is known as ‘Loo’. Sometimes strong thunderstorm occurs with ordinary rain. In West Bengal, these storms are known as the ‘Kaal Baisakhi’.

D. Rain: 
In summer there is a very small amount of rainfall. In West Bengal, in Kaal Baisakhi thunderstorms associated with torrential downpours. Rainfall near the Malabar coast in southern India is known as mango rain and rain in the areas producing coffee is known as the flowering shower. In various states such as Punjab, Haryana, Uttarakhand, Assam etc. thunderstorm often accompanied by hail.

 

Question 4. 
Write note on retreating monsoon.
Or
State the main features of the retreating monsoon (the transition season).
Answer: 
Main features of the retreating monsoon (the transition season) are as follows

• The months of October: N ov ember form a period of transition or retreating monsoon occurs in this month.
• By the beginning of October, the monsoon withdraws from the N orthem Plains.
• 'The months of October : November form a period of transition from hot rainy season to dry winter conditions.
• The retreat of the monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While day temperatures are high, nights are cool and pleasant.
• Moisture still prevails at this time. Owing to the conditions of high temperature and humidity, the weather becomes rather oppressive during the day. This is commonly known as ‘October heat’.
• In the second half of October, the mercury begins to fall rapidly in northern India.
• Tropical cyclones occur at this time, that cause heavy and widespread rain on the eastern coast of India. These tropical cyclones are often very destructive. The thickly populated deltas of the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri are frequently struck by cyclones, which cause great damage to life and property.
• Sometimes, these cyclones arrive at the coasts of Odisha, West Bengal and Bangladesh.
• The bulk of the rainfall of the Coromandel Coast is derived from depressions and cyclone