RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter3 Poverty as a Challenge Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1. 
What has helped to reduce poverty in West Bengal?
(a) EducatiQn 
(b) Skill development
(c) Land reforms 
(d) Healthcare
Answer: 
(c) Land reforms 

Question 2. 
This is the method to estimate the poverty line?
(a) Income method 
(b) Human method
(c) Capital method 
(d) Investment method
Answer: 
(a) Income method 

 

Question 3. 
Which one is not the major causes of income inequality in India?
(a) Unequal distribution of land 
(b) Gap of Rich and Poor
(c) Increase in Population 
(d) Lack of fertile land
Answer: 
(d) Lack of fertile land

Question 4. 
The most vulnerable group to poverty is
(a) Women 
(b) SC, ST’s, BC’s 
(c) Old aged people 
(d) Children
Answer: 
(b) SC, ST’s, BC’s 

Question 5. 
Which one of the following is not an issue related to poverty?
(a) Unemployment 
(b) Illiteracy
(c) Size of families 
(d) Size of house
Answer: 
(d) Size of house

Question 6. 
There has been a significant decline in poverty in the state of
(a) Assam
(b) Bihar
(c) Jammu & Kashmir 
(d) Uttar Pradesh
Answer: 
(c) Jammu & Kashmir 

Question 7. 
Which of the following social groups are vulnerable to poverty?
(a) Scheduled caste 
(b) Urban casual labour
(c) Rural agriculture house holds 
(d) All of these
Answer: 
(a) Scheduled caste 

Question 8. 
What is the estimated calorie consumption in urban areas (India)?
(a) 2100 
(b) 1500 
(c) 2400 
(d) 2800 
Answer: 
(a) 2100 

Question 9. 
What was the poverty ratio (%) in the year 1993-94 in India?
(a) 56.4% 
(b) 45% 
(c) 34% 
(d) 28.3%
Answer: 
(b) 45% 

Question 10. 
What was the poverty ratio(%) in India during year 2009-10?
(a) 28.3% 
(b) 30% 
(c) 56.4% 
(d) 27.1%
Answer: 
(b) 30% 

Question 11. 
Name the Act that provides 100 days assured employment every year
(a) MGNREGA 
(b) PMGY 
(c) NFWP (d) AAY
Answer: 
(a) MGNREGA 

Question 12. 
In which year ‘MGNREGA’ Act was launched?
(a) 1998 
(b) 2000 
(c) 2005 
(d) 1968
Answer: 
(c) 2005 

Question 13. 
What was the purpose of starting ‘Prime Minister Rozgar Yozna’?
(a) Provide Food 
(b) Self-employment 
(c) Education 
(d) Healthcare
Answer: 
(b) Self-employment 

Question 14. 
In which year Rural Employment generation program was launched?
(a) 1995 
(b) 2005 
(c) 1985 
(d)2001
Answer: 
(a) 1995 

Question 15. 
The ‘Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yozana’ (PMGY) was launched in the year
(a) 2001 
(b) 2000 
(c) 2008 
(d) 2010
Answer: 
(b) 2000 

Question 16. 
The ‘Swamajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana’ (SGSY) was launched in the year
(a) 2001  
(b) 1999 
(c) 2008
(d) 1995
Answer: 
(b) 1999 

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.  
is the most peculiar problem of free India.
Answer: 
Poverty 

Question 2.  
is the poorest state in India.
Answer: 
Chhattisgarh

Question 3. 
In Africa poverty actually rose from.
Answer: 
1981 to 2001

Question 4. 
An accepted average calories required in urban areas are 
Answer: 
2100

Question 5.  
industry suffered the most during colonial period.
Answer: 
Jute

True or False:

Question 1. 
Pradhan Mantri Rozgar Yojana was launched in 1993.
Answer: 
True

Question 2.
Poverty ratio has been found to be quite high in Sri Lanka.
Answer: 
False

Question 3. 
In 2015, the number of poor in China has been reduced to 0. 7 percent.
Answer: 
True

Question 4. 
Bihar and Odisha are the states with the highest poverty ratio in India.
Answer: 
True

Question 5. 
India's poverty ratio was 30 percent in the year 2009-10.
Answer: 
True

Question 6. 
The proportion of poor is equal in every state of India.
Answer: 
False

Match the column:

Column A	Column B
(1) Illiteracy rate of Bangladesh	(a)Kerala
(2) Illiteracy rate of India	(b) 14.8%
(3) Number of poor in 2004-05	(c) 270 million
(4) Number.of poor in 2011-12	(d) Indicators of Poverty
(5) High illiteracy level, lack of safe drinking water	(e) 407 million
(6) Highest female literacy	(f) 21.9%

Answer:

Column A	Column B
(1) Illiteracy rate of Bangladesh	(b) 14.8%
(2) Illiteracy rate of India	(f) 21.9%
(3) Number of poor in 2004-05	(e) 407 million
(4) Number.of poor in 2011-12	(c) 270 million
(5) High illiteracy level, lack of safe drinking water	(d) Indicators of Poverty
(6) Highest female literacy	(f) 21.9%

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Define BPL.
Answer:
It means below poverty line. It is an economic benchmark used by the government of India to identify individuals who are suffering from poverty.

Question 2. 
How is the poverty line estimated periodically? Name an organisation which is responsible for estimating poverty?
Answer: 
The poverty line is estimated periodically by conducting sample surveys. These surveys are carried out by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). 

Question 3. 
Who are the people living below poverty line in urban areas?
Answer: 
The people living below poverty line in turban areas are:

1. Daily wage workers at construction sites
2. Children working in dhabas
3. Beggars

Question 4. 
What is the poverty line for the rural and urban areas in India at present? 
Answer: 
For the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs. 816 per month for the rural areas and Rs. 1000 for the urban areas.

Question 5. 
What is the accepted calorie requirement in India?
Answer: 
The accepted average calorie requirement in India is 2400 calories per person per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per person per day in urban areas.

Question 6.
What do you mean by Public Distribution System?
Answer:
Public Distribution System is a system formulated by the government which helps in supply of essential commodities to the poor people.

Question 7. 
For making comparisons between developing countries, which uniform standard (per person per day) for the poverty line is used in terms of. minimum availability?
Answer:
For making comparisons between developing countries, $1.90 is used as uniform standard (per person per day) for international poverty line in terms of minimum availability.

Question 8. 
What are the two planks of Indian government on anti-poverty strategy? 
Answer: 
The anti-poverty strategy is based broadly on two planks

1. Promotion of economic growth.
2. Targeted anti-poverty programmes.

Question 9. 
According to you what are two main causes of poverty in India?
Answer:
The causes of poverty in India are:
(i) Population explosion
(ii) Lack of employment opportunities.

Question 10. 
Which 2 states of India are the poorest?
Answer: 
Bihar and Odisha.

Question 11. 
Which method is used to estimate the poverty?
Answer: 
Income method

Question 12. 
In which country poverty has declined at a very sharp rate?
Answer: 
China
Question 13. 
What is average calories requirement in rural India?
Answer:
2400 calories.

Question 14. 
Which state has focused more on human resource development?
Answer: 
Kerala
Question 15. 
In which state is the public distribution system responsible for the reduction in poverty?
Answer: 
Tamil Nadu

Question 16. 
What is the aim of PMRY 1993?
Answer: 
Create self-employment.

Question 17. 
How many people in India live below the poverty line?
Answer:
27 crores

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
‘The results of poverty alleviation program have been mixed’. Give reasons.
Answer: 
The results of poverty alleviation program have been mixed. Following are the reasons for the less effectiveness of these program:

1. Lack of proper implementation and execution.
2. Overlapping of schemes
3. The benefit of these schemes has not fully reached to the desired individuals.
4. Corrupt officials.

Question 2. 
Which one of the primary factors is responsible for the reduction of poverty in the following states:

1. Punjab
2. Kerala
3. West Bengal
4. Tamil Nadu

Answer: 
The primary factors responsible for the reduction of poverty in the following states:

1. Punjab With the help of high agricultural growth rates, Punjab has traditionally succeeded in reducing poverty.
2. Kerala has focused more on human resource development and reduced poverty.
3.  West Bengal West Bengal, land reform measures have helped in reducing poverty. 
4. Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu, public distribution of food grains held responsible for the improvement in poverty.

Question 3. 
What are the primary objectives of Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana Poverty as a Challenge QQ (PMRY) and Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP)?
Answer: 
Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY) is a poverty alleviation scheme started in 1993.

1. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns.
2. They are helped in setting up small business and industries. 

Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) was launched in 1995.

1. The program aims to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.
2. A target for creating 25 lakh new jobs has been set for the program under the Tenth Five Year Plan.

Question 4. 
One historical reason is the low level of economic development under the British Colonial Administration’. Explain the statement.
Answer: 

1. The policies of the colonial government ruined traditional handicrafts and discouraged development of industries like textiles.
2. The low growth rate continued until the nineteen-eighties which resulted in fewer job opportunities and low growth rate of income.
3. This was accompanied by a high growth rate of population.
4. The failure to promote economic growth and control population prolonged the cycle of poverty.

Question 5. 
Write down the different dimensions of poverty?
Answer: 
The different dimensions of poverty are:

1. Poverty means hunger and lack of shelter.
2. It is a situation in which parents are not able to send their children to school or a position where sick people cannot afford treatment.
3. Poverty also means lack of clean water and sanitation facilities.
4. It also means lack of a regular job at a minimum decent level.
5. It means living with a sense of helplessness. 

Question 6. 
Define poverty? What indicators are used by the social scientists to view poverty?
Answer: 
Poverty is a situation in which a person is unable to get the minimum basic necessities of life i.e., food, clothing and shelter.
Following indicators are used by the social scientists to view poverty:

1. Illiteracy level
2. Lack of general resistance due to malnutrition
3. Lack of access to healthcare
4. Lack of job opportunities
5. Lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc.

Question 7. 
How did a rural phenomenon become the feature of the urban sector?
Answer: 
With the spread of irrigation and the Green Revolution, many job opportunities were created in the agricultural sector.
But the effects were limited to some parts of India. The industries, both in the public and the private sector, provided some jobs. But these jobs were not enough to absorb all the job seekers. Unable to find proper jobs in cities, many people started working as rickshaw pullers, vendors, construction workers, domestic servants etc. With irregular small incomes, these people could not afford expensive housing. They started living in slums on the outskirts of the cities and the problems of poverty, largely a rural phenomenon also became the feature of the urban sector. 

Question 8. 
How are socio-cultural and economic factors responsible for poverty in India?
Answer: 
Socio-cultural and economic factors are responsible for poverty. To meet social obligations and religious ceremonies, people in India, including the very poor, spend a lot of money. Some ill-traditions are also prevalent in the society that force even the poor to spend money. Since such people barely have savings, they borrow money and due to inability to repay that loan, they fall into debt trap situation. Many small farmers also borrow money to buy agricultural inputs like seeds, fertilisers, etc. Thus, high level of indebtedness is both the cause and effect of poverty.

Question 9. 
How is the regular growth of population one of the major causes of poverty?
Answer: 
The higher growth rate of population is considered as the prime barrier for economic growth in Indian economy. This results in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes. These two combined together make the growth of per capita income very low. The failure is at both the fronts:

1. Promotion of economic growth
2. Population control

Hence, this has perpetuated the cycle of poverty.

Long Answer Typo Questions:

Question 1. 
Identify the various groups vulnerable to poverty.
Or
The proportion of people below poverty line is also not the same for all social groups and economic categories of India”. Explain.
Answer: 
The proportion of people below poverty line is not the same for all social groups and economic categories in India. Social groups which are most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled caste and scheduled tribe households. Similarly, among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households. The following graph shows the percentage of poor people of all groups.

The average for people below poverty line for all groups in India is 43 percent belonging to scheduled tribes in rural areas are not able to meet their basic needs. Similarly, 34 percent of casual workers in urban areas are below poverty bne. About 34 percent of landless agricultural workers and 29 per cent of scheduled ' castes are also poor. Apart from these social groups, there is also inequality of incomes within a family. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore women, children especially the girl child and the old people are considered as poorest of the poor.

Question 2. 
Explain some of the measures which have heen taken by the government to remove poverty. 
Or
Describe in brief the important poverty alleviation programmes undertaken by the Government of India?
Answer: 
There are many poverty alleviation programmes which are formulated to affect poverty directly or indirectly. Some of them are worth mentioning.

1. Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005 aims to provide 100 days of wage employment to every household to ensure livelihood security in rural areas. It also aimed at sustainable development ’to address the cause of draught, deforestation and soil erosion. One-third of the proposed jobs have been reserved for women.

2. Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY) started in 1993. It aims at creating self-employment opportunities for educated unemployed youth in rural areas and small towns. They are helped in setting up small business and industries.

3. Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP) launched in 1995. The program aims to create self-employment opportunities in rural areas and small towns.

4. Swarnajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY) launched in 1999. It aims at bringing the assisted low-income families above poverty line by organising them into self-help groups through a mix of bank credit and government subsidy.

5. Under the Pradhan Mantri Gramodaya Yojana (PMGY) launched in 2000, additional central assistance is given to states for essential services such as primary health, primary education, rural shelter, rural drinking water and rural electrification.

Question 3. 
There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction”. Explain.
Answer: 
There is a strong link between economic growth and poverty reduction.

1. Em nomic growth widens opportunities and provides the resources needed to invest in human development.

2. It encourages parents to send their children to school in the hope of getting better economic returns from investing in education.

3. However, the poor may not be able to take direct advantage of the opportunities created by economic growth.

4. The growth in agriculture sector is very less. This has a direct impact on poverty as a large number of poor people live in villages and are dependent on agriculture. 

5. 1950s remained constant in early eighties. Since the eighties, India’s economic growth has been one of the fastest in the world. The growth rate jumped from the average of about 3.5 percent a year in the 1970s to about 6 percent during the 1980s and 1990s. The higher growth rates have helped significantly in the reduction of poverty.

Question 4.
Explain the major causes of poverty in India and suggest methods to overcome them
Ans
Major causes of poverty and suggestion to overcome them:
There are many reasons responsible for poverty in India. The major causes of poverty in India and suggestions for removing them can be explained in the following points.
(i) Exploitation by colonial administration:
India remained under British rule for a long time and they exploited India with their policies and destroyed the industries and trades and traditional handicrafts, this resulted in less job opportunities and low growth rate of incomes. The government should encourage handicrafts and other small scale industries of the country by giving various concessions and incentives.

(ii) Rapid growth in population:
The population in India is growing rapidly and employment opportunities are increasing at a slow pace, increasing the
problem of unemployment and poverty. Therefore, the government should make population control programs more effective.

(iii) Regional disparity:
There is considerable inequality in relation to employment opportunities and economic activities in the country, which increased the development of some areas and left some states behind. Therefore, the government should make efforts for economic development in backward states and inspire youth for self-employment by developing skills.
(iv) Unemployment:
Unemployment is the main reason for the problem of poverty in India, high unemployment also increases poverty. In this regard, the government should take initiative to promote employment generation programs and motivate the youth for self-employment by developing skills.

(v) Disparity in income:
Another feature of high poverty rates has been the huge income inequalities. This disparity in income further increases poverty, because wealthier person becomes wealthier and poor people become poorer due to lack of opportunities. Therefore, the government should take money from moneylenders in various ways and invest them in the welfare of the poor.

(vi) Backwardness of agriculture:
Majority of the population of the country is dependent on agriculture and the situation of agriculture is extremely backward and hence it promotes poverty. Therefore, special attention should be paid to the development of agriculture in rural areas and the government should make efforts to overcome the problems of farmers.

(vii) Social customs:
In India, due to illiteracy, superstition and old customs, people haye to spend a lot of money, due to which they become indebted and fall into the vicious cycle of poverty. Therefore, such people should be made aware and efforts should be made to curb unnecessary expenses.