RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947 Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 9 The Making of the National Movement: 1870s–1947

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. 
The Vernacular Press Act was passed in
(a) 1870 
(b) 1878
(c) 1883 
(d) 1885 
Answer:
(b) 1878

Question 2. 
Indian National Congress was established in
(a) 1885 
(b) 1890
(c) 1895 
(d) 1905 
Answer:
(a) 1885

Question 3. 
Hie Viceroy who partitioned Bengal in 1905 was
(a) Mountbatten 
(b) Lord Irwin
(c) Lord Curzon 
(d) Lord Attlee 
Answer:
(c) Lord Curzon 

Question 4. 
The slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I shall have it!” was given by
(a) Tilak 
(b) Bepin Chandra Pal
(c) Lala Lajpat Rai 
(d) Gokhale 
Answer:
(a) Tilak 

Question 5. 
Chauri-Chaura incident took place in
(a) April, 1919 
(b) December, 1920
(c) February, 1921 
(d) February, 1922 
Answer:
(d) February, 1922 

Question 6. 
The movement started in 1930 and is named as
(a) Non-Cooperation Movement
(b) Quit-India Movement
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Civil Disobedience Movement

Question 7.
The movement against the partition of Bengal is called
(a) Salt movement
(b) Satyagraha movement
(c) Bengal integration movement
(d) Swadeshi movement 
Answer:
(d) Swadeshi movement 

Question 8. 
The leader of the khilafat agitation was
(a) Sayed Ahmed Khan
(b) Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali
(c) Mahatma Gandhi and Nehru
(d) Abdul Ghaffar Khan 
Answer:
(b) Mohammad Ali and Shaukat Ali

Question 9. 
Who returned his title of “knighthood” in
protest against the Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Gokhale
(d) Jawaharlal Nehru 
Answer:
(a) Rabindranath Tagore

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. 
On 26 January 1930, .................. was celebrated all over the country.
Answer: 
Independence Day  

Question 2. 
The middle class was against the ..................politics.
Answer:
Boycott 

Question 3. 
The Government of India Act of 1935 prescribed .................. 
Answer:
provincial autonomy 

Question 4. 
The Muslim League announced as..................‘Direct Action Day.
Answer:
16 August 1946

Question 5.    
In .................. Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal.
Answer:
1905 

Question 6.    
The..................movement gained momentum through 1921-22.
Answer:
Non-Cooperation.

State True or False

Question 1. 
The management of most political parties formed in the decades of 1870s and 1880s were in the. hands of ordinary citizens of India.
Answer:
False 

Question 2. 
Lala LajpatRai gave the slogan, “Freedom is my birthright and I will take it”.
Answer:
False 

Question 3. 
In 1942, Gandhiji lead a Dandi march to break the salt law.
Answer:
False 

Question 4. 
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan was the founder of the “Khiidai Khidmatgars Organisation”. 
Answer: True

 
Match Correctly 

(a)	(b)
Early congress leader	Viceroy Curzon
Partition of Bengal	1922
Jillian Wala Bagh massacre	1930
Chauri-Chaura	General Dyer
Civil Disobedience Movement	Pherozeshah Mehta

Answer:

(a)	(b)
Early congress leader	Pherozeshah Mehta
Partition of Bengal	Viceroy Curzon
Jallianwala Bagh massacre	General Dyer
Chauri-Chaura	1922
Civil Disobedience Movement	1930

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
For how long was the Indian National Congress ‘moderate’ in its objectives and methods?
Answer: 
The Indian National Congress in the first twenty years was ‘moderate’ in its objectives and methods.

Question 2. 
What were the main objectives of the Moderate leaders?
Answer: 
The main objectives of the Moderate leaders were to convey the demands to the government and make the government aware of the feelings of India.

Question 3. 
Who were the main leaders of radical transformation ideology?
Answer: 

1. Bepin Chandra Pal
2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
3. Lala Lajpat Rai

Question 4. 
Who formed the Azad Hind Fauz (Indian National Army)?
Answer: 
The Azad Hind Fauz was formed by Subhas Chandra Bose.

Question 5. 
Which newspaper was edited by Tilak? 
Answer: Tilak edited the Marathi newspaper ‘Kesari’.

Question 6. 
When was the Muslim League established? 
Answer: 
The Muslim League was established in the year 1906.

Question 7. 
When did the Jallianwala Bagh massacre take place?
Answer: 
On 13 April 1919.

Question 8. 
What were the two important events of the mid-1920s?
Answer: 

1. Formation of the Communist Party of India.
2. Formation of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS).

Question 9. 
What was the provision in the Ilbert Bill? 
Answer: 
The Ilbert Bill provided the provision for the Indian judges can also prosecute British or 
European persons.

Question 10. 
What was the Vandemataram Movement?
Answer: 
Swadeshi movement was known as the Vandematararr} Movement in deltaic Andhra.

Question 11. 
When and where was the All India Muslim League formed?
Answer: 
All India Muslim League was formed in Dhaka in the year 1906.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
India was the people of India What awareness arose in the minds of Indians with the introduction of this idea?
Answer: 
Along with this idea came the awareness that the British were exercising control over the resources of India and the lives of its people, and until this control was ended India could not be for IndiAnswer:

Question 2. 
Name the major political organizations formed in the decades of 1870s and 1880s.
Answer: 
The major political organizations formed in the decades of 1870s and 1880s were

1. Poona Sarvajanik Sabha
2. The Indian Association
3. The. Madras Mahajan Sabha
4. The Bombay Presidency Association
5. The Indian National Congress.

Question 3. Name the early leaders of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: 

1. Dadabhai Naoroji 
2. Pherozeshah Mehta
3. Badruddin Tyabji
4. W.C. Bonneiji
5. Surendranath Banerji
6. Ramesh Chandra Dutt
7. S. Subramania Iyer.

Question 4. 
What was the Swadeshi movement? What were its objectives?
Answer: 
(1) The movement which started after the partition of Bengal came to be known as the Swadeshi movement.

(2) The main objectives of this movement were to oppose British rule and encourage the ideas of self-help, swadeshi enterprise, national education, and the use of Indian languages. To fight for swaraj, the Radicals advocated mass mobilization and boycott of British institutions and goods. •

Question 5. 
What does the Lucknow Pact mean? 
Answer: 
In 1916, Congress and the Muslim League signed the historic Lucknow Pact and decided to work together for the representative government in the country.

Question 6. 
How did Gandhiji spend his initial years in the country after coming from South Africa?
Answer: 
Mahatma Gandhi spent his first year in India traveling throughout the country, understanding the people, their needs, and the overall situation. His earliest interventions were in local movements in Champaran, Kheda, and Ahmedabad.

Question 7. 
What was the Rowlatt Act or law? 
Answer: 
The Rowlatt Act was passed by the British government in 1919. The Act curbed fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and strengthened police powers.

Question 8. 
Describe the Khilafat agitation.
Answer: 
Khilafat agitation was a movement against a harsh treaty imposed on the Ottoman Empire in 1920. The Khalifa of the Ottoman Empire was the religious head of Muslim society. Indian Muslims wanted that the Khalifa should retain control over Muslim sacred places in the erstwhile Ottoman Empire.

Question 9. 
When and why did Gandhiji call off an end to the non-cooperation movement?
Answer: Gandhiji abruptly called off the Non- Cooperation Movement when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri Chaura.

Question 10. 
What do you understand by Dandi March?
Answer: 
Gandhiji and his followers marched for over 240 miles from Sabarmati to the coastal town of Dandi where cm 6 April 1930 they broke the government law by gathering natural salt found on the seashore, and boiling seawater to produce salt. This incident is known as Dandi March.

Question 11. 
Were the goals of political organizations of the 1870s arid 1880s state-based? What was their opinion?
Answer: 

1. Although many erfs these organizations worked only in specific parts of the country, they used to describe their goal as the goal of all the people of India.
2. They believed that the people should be sovereign i.e., the people of India should have the freedom to take decisions in their case.

Question 12. 
How did the feeling of opposition to colonial rule arise in the soldiers after the first world war?
Answer: 
After the first world war, a large number of soldiers were sent to serve abroad. Many returned after the war with an understanding of the ways in which imperialist powers were exploiting the peoples of Asia and Africa and with a desire to oppose colonial rule in India.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Describe the circumstances responsible for the establishment of the Indian National Congress.
Answer: 
The .circumstances responsible for the establishment of the Indian National Congress are as follows:
(1) The dissatisfaction with British rule intensified in the 1870s and 1880s.

(2) The Arms Act was passed in 1878, disallowing Indians from possessing arms.

(3) In the same year the Vernacular Press Act was also enacted in an effort to silence those who were critical of the government. The Act allowed the government to confiscate the assets of newspapers including their printing presses if the newspapers published anything that was found “objectionable”.

(4) The government also withdraw the Ilbert Bill due to opposition from the British.

(5) The need for an all-India organization of educated Indians had been felt since 1880, but the Ilbert Bill controversy deepened this desire.

(6) The Indian National Congress was established when 72 delegates from all over the country met in Bombay in December 1885. A retired British official, A.O. Hume was made its first president.

Question 2. 
What were the main demands of the Indian National Congress in its first twenty years?
Answer:
The main demands of the Indian National Congress in its first twenty years were as follows:
(1) The congress wanted Indians to be given high positions in fire government because till then most of the jobs were occupied by white officers. It demanded that the examination be conducted for civil service not just in London but in India as well.

(2) It demanded the judiciary be separated from the fired executive.

(3) It demanded the repeal of the Arms Act.

(4) It also demanded the freedom of speech and expression.

(5) Since the peasants and zamindars had perished due to die increasing rent, congress demanded that the rent should be reduced.

(6) In addition, it demanded a reduction in military expenditure and more funds for irrigation.

(7) It passed many resolutions on the salt tax, treatment of Indian laborers abroad, and the sufferings of forest dwellers.

Question 3. 
Write an article on the partition of Bengal.
Answer: 
Partition of Bengal:
In 1905 Viceroy Curzon partitioned Bengal. At that time Bengal was the biggest province of British India and included Bihar and parts of Orissa.

Objective:
British argued for dividing Bengal for reasons of administrative convenience. But “administrative convenience” was closely tied to the interests of British officials and businessmen. Even so, instead of removing the non-Bengali areas from the province, the government separated East Bengal and merged it with Assam. Perhaps the main British motives were to curtail the influence of Bengali politicians and to split, the Bengali people.

Opposition:
The partition of Bengal infuriated people all over India. All sections of the Congress the Moderates and the Radicals, as they may be called opposed it. Large public meetings and demonstrations were organized and novel methods of mass protest developed. The struggle that unfolded came to be known as the Swadeshi movement. To fight for swaraj, foreign goods, sugar, and clothes were boycotted. This movement was strongest in Bengal but with echoes elsewhere too.

Question 4. 
The rise of the Muslim League was an important event in the early decades of the twentieth century. Explain.
Answer: 
The rise of the Muslim League was an important event in the early decades of the twentieth century. This can be described as follows:

1. A group of Muslim landlords and nawabs formed the All India Muslim League at Dacca in 1906.
2. The League supported the partition of Bengal. It desired separate electorates for Muslims, a demand conceded by the government in 1909.
3. Some seats in the councils were now reserved for Muslims who would be elected by Muslim voters. This tempted politicians to gather a following by distributing favors to their own religious groups.

Question 5. 
Write an article on Rowlatt Satyagraha. 
Answer: 
Rowlatt Act:
In 1919, the colonial government passed the Rowlatt Act. The act curbed fundamental rights such as the freedom of expression and strengthened police powers. 

Rowlat't Satyagraha:
This law generated intense indignation among Indians. Mahatma Gandhi, Mohammad Ali Jinnah, and others felt that the government had no right to restrict people’s basic freedoms. They criticized the die Act as “devilish” and tyrannical. Gandhiji asked the Indian people to observe 6 April 1919 as a day of non-violent opposition to this Act, as a day of “humiliation and prayer” and hartal (strike). Satyagraha Sabhas were set up to launch the movement.

The Rowlatt Satyagraha turned out to be the first all-India struggle against the British government although it was largely restricted to cities. In April 1919 there were a number of demonstrations and hartals in the country. Suppression of movement: The government used brutal measures to suppress them. The Jallianwala Bagh atrocities, inflicted by General Dyer in Amritsar on Baisakhi day (13 April), were a part of this repression. On learning about the massacre, Rabindranath Tagore expressed the pain and anger of the country by renouncing his knighthood.

Question 6. 
Why did Gandhiji launch a non-cooperation movement? What work was done during this movement?
Answer: 
Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch a movement against the British government in 1920 to campaign together against the “Punjab wrongs” (Jallianwala massacre), the Khilafat wrong, and demand swaraj. This movement became famous as the non-cooperation movement. Activities or work done during this movement

1. Soon the Non-Cooperation Movement started across the country.
2. The Non-Cooperation Movement gained momentum from 1921 to 22. Thousands of students left government-controlled schools and colleges.
3. Many lawyers such as Motilal Nehru, C.R. Das, C. Rajagopalachari, and Asaf Ali gave up their practices.
4. British titles were surrendered and legislatures boycotted.
5. People lit public bonfires of foreign cloth. The imports of foreign cloth fell drastically between 1920 and 1922.
6. Swadeshi was widely publicized. Charkha was also widely publicized and became a symbol of national unity.

Postpone the movement:
Gandhiji abruptly called off the Non-Cooperation Movement when in February 1922 a crowd of peasants set fire to a police station in Chauri-Chaura.