RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 7 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 7 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 7 Civilising the Native, Educating the Nation Important Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. 
Which of the following is not Orientalist?
(a) James Mill 
(b) William Jones
(c) Colebrooke 
(d) Nathaniel Halhed
Answer:
(a) James Mill 

Question 2. 
Benaras Hindu College was established in
(a) 1781
(b) 1791
(c) 1801 
(d) 1830 
Answer:
(b) 1791

Question 3. 
Following Macaulay’s minute, the English Education Act was introduced in
(a) 1830 
(b) 1832
(c) 1835 
(d) 1854 
Answer:
(c) 1835 

Question 4. 
The founder of Shantiniketan was
(a) Shantilal 
(b) Mahatma Gandhi
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) Dayanand Saraswati 
Answer:
(c) Rabindranath Tagore

Question 5. 
The specialty of vernacular education was
(a) flexible education system
(b) oral education
(c) separate fee for rich and poor
(d) all of the above 
Answer:
(d) all of the above

Question 6. 
According to Mahatma Gandhi, education should be given in which language?
(a) Urdu 
(b) English
(c) Indian 
(d) Hindi 
Answer:
(c) Indian

Question 7. 
When was Shantiniketan established?
(a) 1891 
(b) 1901
(c) 1911 
(d) 1906 
Answer:
(b) 1901

Question 8. 
Where was the madrasa set up in 1781 to promote the study of Arabia, Persian and Islamic law?
(a) Calcutta 
(b) Delhi
(c) Mumbai 
(d) Jaipur 
Answer:
(a) Calcutta 

Question 9. 
English education made Indians “strangers in their own land”. Who believed this?
(a) Rabindranath Tagore 
(b) Bal Gangadhar Tilak
(c) Gokhale
(d) Mahatma Gandhi 
Answer:
(d) Mahatma Gandhi 

Question 10. 
William Jones held which position in the Supreme Court established by the East India Company?
(a) Lawyer 
(b) Junior Judge
(c) Senior Judge
(d) Chief Judge  
Answer:
(b) Junior Judge

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. 
In addition to being an expert in the law, Jones was a .....................
Answer:
 linguist

Question 2. 
.....................was a great supporter of Orientalists.
Answer:
Warren Hastings

Question 3. 
According to ....................., education should be given in the Indian language only.
Answer:
Mahatma Gandhi 

Question 4.
Shantiniketan was established in .....................
Answer:
1901 

Question 5 
.....................saw India as an uncivilised country.
Answer:
Macaulay
 
Question 6. 
In .....................school, the education system was very flexible.
Answer:
Vernacular.

State True or False

Question 1. 
William Jones was a great opponent of Orientalists.
Answer:
False
 
Question 2. 
Following Macaulay’s minute, the English Education Act of 1835 was introduced.
Answer:
True
 
Question 3. 
After the 1854 policy, the British did not take any action.
Answer:
False
 
Question 4. 
Mahatma Gandhi wanted such education that could help Indians recover their sense of dignity and self-respect.
Answer:
True

Question 5. 
Tagore emphasized the need to teach science and technology along with art, music, and dance. 
Answer:
True.
 
Match Correctly

(a)	(b)
Henry Thomas Colebrooke	Opposing English Education
James Mill	Shantiniketan
WilliamAdam	Linguist
Rabindranath Tagore	Scotland
Mahatma Gandhi	Anti-orientalist

Answer:

(a)	Linguist
Henry Thomas Colebrooke	Anti-orientalist
James Mill	Scotland
WilliamAdam	Shantiniketan
Rabindranath Tagore	Opposing English Education
Mahatma Gandhi	Linguist

Question 1. 
What was the cultural mission of the British?
Answer:
The cultural mission of the British was to “civilize the natives” and change their customs and values.

Question 2. 
Who formed the Asiatic Society of Bengal?
Answer:

1. William Jones
2. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
3. Nathaniel Halhed.

Question 3. 
Why was the madrasa opened in Calcutta in 1781?
Answer:
Madrasa was opened in Calcutta in 1781 to promote the study of Arabic, Persian and Islamic law.

Question 4. 
When was the English Education Act implemented?
Answer:
In 1835.

Question 5. 
Who was called the ‘temples of darkness’ after the English Education Act of 1835?
Answer:
Oriental institutions like the Calcutta Madrasa and Benaras Sanskrit College etc. were called the “temples of darkness”.

Question 6. 
Where did the missionaries establish their mission?
Answer:
The missionaries established their mission at Serampore in an area under the control of the Danish East India Company.

Question 7. 
To whom did die Company entrusts the task of reporting on the progress of education in vernacular schools in the 1830s?
Answer:
William Adam, a Scottish missionary.

Question 8. 
State two characteristics of education in vernacular schools.
Answer:

1. Children’s fees were not fixed.
2. there was no system of annual examination. 

Question 9. 
What kind of education was emphasized in Shantiniketan?
Answer:
In Shantiniketan, emphasis was led on the education of science and technology along with art, music, and dance.

Question 10. 
Explain the meaning of linguist?
Answer:
A linguist is a person who knows and studies several languages.

Question 11. 
Who are Orientalists?
Answer:
Those with a scholarly knowledge of the language and culture of Asia are called Orientalists.

Question 12.
Who was known as Munshi
Answer:
A person who could read, write and teach Persian was known as Munshi.

Question 13. 
Who started the publication of a research journal called Asiatick Researches?
Answer:
Asiatic Society of Bengal started the publication of a research journal called Asiatick Researches.

Question 14. 
Write the names of two critics of orientation.
Answer:

1. James Mill
2. Thomas Babington Macaulay.

Question 15. 
When was Wood’s Despatch released?
Answer:
Wood’s Despatch was released in 1854.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
According to the Orientalist British authorities, how could the “native people” heart be won?
Answer:

1. In the field of education, Indian learning should be encouraged.
2. Hindus and Muslims ought to be taught what they were already familiar with, and what they valued and treasured.
3. They should not be taught about subjects that were alien to them.

Question 2. 
Write the name of four Britishers who supported ancient Indian knowledge. 
Answer:

1. William Jones
2. Henry Thomas Colebrooke
3. Nathaniel Halhed
4. Warren Hastings.

Question 3. 
What do you understand by “Wood’s Despatch”?
Answer:
In 1854, the Court of Directors of the East India Company in London sent an educational despatch to the Governor-General in India. Issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it has come to be known as Wood’s Despatch.

Question 4. 
Why was practical education strongly criticized by the Christian missionaries in India in the nineteenth century?
Answer:
The Missionaries felt that education should attempt to improve the moral character of the people, and morality could be improved only through Christian education.

Question 5. 
Why has the East India Company opposed missionary activities in India until 1813?
Answer:
The company feared that missionary activities would provoke a reaction amongst the local population and make them suspicious of the British presence in India.

Question 6. 
After 1857, why was the British government in India reluctant to directly support missionary education?
Answer:
After the revolt of 1857, the British government thought that any strong attack on local customs, practices, beliefs, and religious ideas might enrage “native” opinion. Therefore, they were reluctant to directly support missionary education.

Question 7. 
Explain by giving one example that education in Vernacular schools was very favorable for local needs.
Answer:
The education in vernacular schools was very favorable for local needs.
For instance, classes were not held during harvest time when rural children often worked in the fields. The pathshala started once again when the crops had been cut and stored. This meant that even children of peasant families could study. 

Question 8. 
What was the difference between Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas about education?
Answer:
Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi also have differences in ideas about education. Gandhiji was highly critical of Western civilization and its worship of machines and technology. Tagore wanted to combine elements of modem Western civilization with what he saw as the best within the Indian tradition. He emphasized the need to teach science and technology at Shantiniketan, along with art, music and dance. 

Question 9. 
What do you mean by vernacular? Explain.
Answer:
The vernacular term is generally used to refer to a local language or dialect as distinct from what is seen as the standard language. In colonial countries like India, the British used the term to mark the difference between the local languages of everyday use and English - The language of the imperial masters.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Who was William Jones? Write about him.
OR
Write a note on William Jones.
Answer:
William Jones: In 1783, a person named William Jones arrived in Calcutta. He had an appointment as a junior judge at the Supreme Court that the Company had set up. In addition to being an expert in the law, Jones was a linguist. He had studied Greek and Latin at Oxford, knew French and English, had picked up Arabic from a friend, and had also learned Persian. At Calcutta, he began spending many hours a day with pandits who taught him the subtleties of Sanskrit language, grammar, and poetry. Soon he was studying ancient Indian texts on law, philosophy, religion, politics, morality, arithmetic, medicine, and the other sciences. Together with Henry Thomas Colebrooke and Nathaniel Halhed, Jones set up the Asiatic, Society of Bengal, and started a journal called Asiatic Researches. Jones believed that in the field of education in India, the British should encourage Indian learning rather than western learning.

Question 2. 
Explain the salient features of the “Wood’s Despatch” of 1854.
Answer:

1. It was a note about education. Since it was issued by Charles Wood, the President of the Board of Control of the Company, it had come to be known as Wood’s Despatch.
2. This despatch emphasized the practical benefits of adopting European learning in place of Oriental learning.
3. According to this, European learning would enable Indians to recognize the advantages that flow from the expansion of trade and commerce.
4. Introducing them to European ways of life, would change their tastes and desires, and create a demand for British goods.
5. European learning would improve the moral character of IndiAnswer:
6. According to them, the literature of the East was not only full of grave errors, but it could also not instill in people a sense of duty and commitment to work, nor could it develop the skills required for administration.

Question 3.
Give the main points of William Adam’s report on the progress of education in vernacular schools.
OR
Describe the characteristics of education in vernacular schools before 1850 in India. 
Answer:
1. Adam found that there were over 1 lakh pathshalas in Bengal and Bihar. These were small institutions with no more than 20students each. But the total number of children being taught in these pathshalas was considerable - over 20 lakh.

2. These institutions were set up by wealthy people, or the local community. At times they were started by a teacher (guru).

3. The system of education was flexible.

4. There were no fixed fees, no printed books, no separate school buildings, no benches or chairs, no blackboards, no system of separate classes, no roll-call registers, no annual examinations, and no regular time-table.

5. In some places classes were held under a banyan tree, in other places in the comer of a village shop or temple, or at the guru’s home.

6. Fees depended on the income of parents: the rich had to pay more than the poor.

7. Teaching was oral, and the guru decided what to teach, in accordance with the needs of the students.

8. Students were not separated out into different classes: all of them sat together in one place. The guru interacted separately with groups of children with different levels of learning.

Question 4. 
What changes did the Company make in the vernacular education system after 1854?
Answer:
1. After 1854 the Company decided to improve the system of vernacular education. It felt that this could be done by introducing order within the system, imposing routines, establishing rules, and ensuring regular inspections.

2. It appointed a number of government pandits, each in charge of looking after four to five schools. The task of the pandit was to visit the pathshalas and try and improve the standard of teaching.

3. Each guru was asked to submit periodic reports and take classes according to a regular timetable.

4. Teaching was now to be based on textbooks and learning was to be tested through a system of annual examinations.

5. Students were asked to pay a regular fee, attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats, and obey the new rules of discipline.

Question 5. 
What was the effect of the changes made by the Company in the vernacular education system? Describe.
Answer:
The effect of the changes made by the Company in the vernacular education system are as follows
1. Pathshalas which accepted the new rules were supported through government grants. Those who were unwilling to work within the new system received no government support.

2. Over time gurus who wanted to retain their independence found it difficult to compete with the government-aided and regulated pathshalas.

3. In the earlier system children from poor peasant families were able to go to pathshalas since the timetable was flexible. The discipline of the new system demanded regular attendance, even during harvest time when children of poor families had to work in the fields. Inability to attend school came to be seen as indiscipline, as evidence of the Jack of the desire to learn. Thus the education of poor children was affected.

Question 6. 
From where did Tagore get the inspiration to establish Shantiniketan. What type of school did he want to open?
Answer:
(1) Tagore got the inspiration to establish Shantiniketan from the experience of his school days.

(2) Tagore wanted to open a school with the following characteristics:
(i) Tagore wanted to open a school where the child was happy, where she could be free and creative, and where she was able to explore her own thoughts and desires. 

(ii) According to Tagore, childhood ought to be a time of self-learning, outside the rigid and restricting discipline of the schooling system set up by the British.

(iii) Teachers had to be imaginative, understand the child, and help the child develop her/his curiosity. According to Tagore, the existing schools killed the natural desire of the child to be creative, and her/his sense of wonder.

(iv) Tagore was of the view that creative learning could be encouraged only within a natural environment. So he chose to set up his school 100 kilometers away from Calcutta, in a rural setting. He saw it as an abode of peace (Shantiniketan), were living in harmony with nature, children could cultivate their natural creativity.