RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 India After Independence

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 India After Independence Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 10 India After Independence

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The population of India in 1947 was
(a)102 crore 
(b) 25 crore
(c) 34.5 crore 
(d) 56 crore 
Answer:
(c) 34.5 crore

Question 2.
In the original constitution of India, the right to vote was given to
(a) all adults above 18 years
(b) all adults above 21 years
(c) all adults above 25 years
(d) women above 18 years and men above 25 years 
Answer:
(b) all adults above 21 years

Question 3.
The Indian Constitution came into effect on-
(a) 15 August, 1947 
(b) 26 January, 1947
(c) 26 January, 1950 
(d) 15 August, 1950
Answer:
(c) 26 January 1950 

Question 4.
The chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly was
(a) Jawaharlal Nehru 
(b) Mahatma Gandhi 
(c) Vallabhbhai Patel 
(d) Dr B.R. Ambedkar
Answer:
(d) Dr B.R. Ambedkar

Question 5.
The Bhilai steel plant was established in
(a) 1952 
(b) 1956
(c) 1959 
(d) 1964 
Answer:
(c) 1959 

Question 6.
A veteran Gandhian named Potti Sriramulu died on
(a) 15 December 1952 
(b) 15 December 1950 
(c) 21 January 1953 
(d) I October 1953
Answer:
(a) 15 December 1952 

Question 7.
Which list has the subjects of forest and agriculture?
(a) Central list 
(b) State list
(c) Concurrent list 
(d) Provincial list
Answer:
(c) Concurrent list 

Question 8.
Which state was first established on a linguistic basis?
(a) Andhra (of Andhra Pradesh)
(b) Gujarat
(c) Punjab 
(d) Maharashtra 
Answer:
(a) Andhra (of Andhra Pradesh)

Question 9.
Which of the following subject belong to the central list? 
(a) Education 
(b) Health
(c) Forest 
(d) Tax 
Answer:
(d) Tax

Question 10. 
Which bilingual state was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers?
(a) Punjab 
(b) Bombay
(c) Central India 
(d) Madras 
Answer:
(b) Bombay

Fill in the blanks

Question 1.
The meetings of the “Constituent Assembly” were held in ...................... 
Answer:
New Delhi 

Question 2.
Different subjects of the constitution were divided into ...................... list.
Answer:
 three
 
Question 3.
The member of the Constituent Assembly gave  ...................... as the “official language” of India.
Answer:
Hindi

Question 4.
In 1956, the ......................  plan was formulated.
Answer:
 second five

Question 5.
In 1950, the government set up a  ...................... 
Answer:
Planning Commission

Question 6
....................... Bombay is one of the world’s largest slums.
Answer: 
Dharavi

State True or False

Question 1.
The constitution of India provides for the universal adult franchise. 
Answer:
True

Question 2.
All the benefits in the constitution were given to the upper-class people.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
In the constitution, various subjects were divided into four lists.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru was supportive of the file formation of states on the basis of language.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
After independence, a mixed economy was adopted in India.
Answer:
 True

Match Correctly 

(a)	(b)
The association of Mahatma Gandhi	H.J. Khandekar
Member of Constituent Assembly	Vallabhbhai Patel
Chairman of Drafting Committee of Constituent Assembly	Nathuram Godse
Demand for the formation of Andhra State	Dr B.R. Ambedkar
First Deputy Prime Minister	Potti Sriramulu

Answer:

(a)	(b)
The association of Mahatma Gandhi	Nathuram Godse
Member of Constituent Assembly	H.J. Khandekar
Chairman of Drafting Committee of Constituent Assembly	Dr B.R. Ambedkar
Demand for the formation of Andhra State	Potti Sriramulu
First Deputy Prime Minister	Vallabhbhai Patel

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Who was the first Prime Minister of independent India?
Answer: 
Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 2. 
State one of the features of the Indian Constitution.
Answer: 
The Constitution of India provides for the universal adult franchise.

Question 3. 
Who gave the opinion that India could not and must not become a “Hindu Pakistan’’? 
Answer: 
Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru.

Question 4. 
Was the right to vote in America or England given to all citizens at once like in India?
Answer: 
No, this right had been granted in stages. 

Question 5. 
In the constitution, file various subjects are divided into how many lists?
Answer: 
In three list:

1. Central list, 
2. State list,
3. Concurrent list.

Question 6. 
Who was the chairman of the file drafting committee of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: 
Dr B.R. Ambedkar.

Question 7. 
Why was the Nehru shown black flags during the general elections in Telugu speaking districts in 1952?
Answer: 
Telugu speaking people were demanding a separate Andhra state while the government was reluctant on this issue.

Question 8. 
Who was Potti Sriramulu?
Answer: 
He was a Gandhian leader who died on a hunger strike demanding separate states for Telugu speaking people.

Question 9. 
When was the Andhra state established? 
Answer: 
On October 1, 1953.

Question 10. 
In 1960, Mumbai province was divided into which two Indian states on the basis of language?
Answer: 

1. Marathi language state 
2. Gujarati language state.

Question 11. 
Name any two subjects that are included in the centre or union list.
Answer: 

1. Defence, 
2. Foreign affairs.

Question 12. 
What is meant by the universal adult franchise?
Answer: 
The right to vote given to all adult citizens is called the universal adult franchise.

Question 13. 
Which two states were formed by the partition of Punjab?
Answer: 

1. Punjab, 
2. Haryana. 

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
In 1947, on what basis the people of India was divided?
Answer: 
In 1947, the people of India were divided on the following basis

1. High castes and lower castes.
2. Hindu communities and other religious communities.,
3. Among people who speak different languages.
4. Among people who wear different kinds of clothes and who ate different kinds of food.
5. Among people with different professions.

Question 2. 
What is the concurrent list?
Answer:
A concurrent list includes subjects such as forests and agriculture, in which the centre and the states would have joint responsibility.

Question 3.
Give the views of opponents of the economic policy that emphasizes heavy industries in the early decades after attaining independence.
Answer: 

1. Some felt that it had put inadequate emphasis on agriculture and due to that India is lagging behind in agriculture.
2. Others argued that it had neglected primary education.
3. Others believed that it had not taken account of the environmental implications of economic policies.

Question 4. 
What did Gandhiji’s follower Mira Behn have to say about the use of science and machinery?
Answer: 
Mira Behn said, “Science and machinery he [mankind] may get huge returns for a time, but ultimately will come desolation. We have got to study Nature’s balance, and develop our lives within her laws if we are to survive as a physically healthy and morally decent species.” 

Question 5. 
What did foreign observers have to say about India?
Answer: 
Regarding India, foreign observers believed that:

1. India could not survive as a single country, it would break up into many parts, with each region or linguistic group seeking to form a nation of its own.
2. Others believed that it would come under military rule. But, all these fear proved to be unmindful.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Discuss the problems related to the development of India at the time of independence.
Answer: 
At the time of independence, India had the following problems related to development:
(1) In Independence, the vast majority of Indians lived in the villages. Farmers and peasants depended on the monsoon for their survival.

(2) If the crops failed, barbers, carpenters, weavers and other service groups would not get paid for their services either.

(3) Factory workers lived in crowded slums with little access to education or health care.
The new nation had to lift its masses out of poverty by increasing the productivity of
agriculture and by promoting new job-creating industries.

Question 2. 
State the main features of the Indian Constitution.
Answer: 
The main features of the Indian Constitution are as follows:

1. The constitution adopted a universal adult franchise. All Indians above the age of 21 (at present 18) would be allowed to vote in state and national elections.
2. It guaranteed equality before the law to all citizens, regardless of their caste or religious affiliation.
3. It offered special privileges for the poorest and most disadvantaged IndiAnswer:
4. Our constitution also tried to bring balance between the powers and rights of the central government and the state governments. It did this by making or providing three lists of subjects:

• Central List, 
• State List,
• Concurrent List.

Question 3. 
Describe the sharing of power and rights of the central and state governments in the constitution.
Answer: 
The Constituent Assembly spent many days discussing the powers of the central government versus those of the state governments. Some members thought that the country's interests should be foremost. Other members felt that the provinces should have greater autonomy and freedom. The constitution sought to balance these competing claims by providing three fists of subjects-a Union list/Central fist, State list and Concurrent list.

1. Central first includes subjects such as taxes, defence and foreign affairs, which would be the exclusive responsibility of the centre.
2. State first subjects include education and health, which will be taken care of principally by the states.
3. Concurrent fist includes subjects such as forest and agriculture, in which the centre and the states will have joint responsibility.

Question 4. 
What was the controversy on the issue of language in the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: 
1. Another major debate in the Constituent Assembly concerned language.

2. Many members believed that the English language should leave India with the British rulers. Its place, they argued, should be taken by Hindi.

3. However, those who did not speak Hindi were of a different opinion. Speaking in the Assembly, T.T. Krishnamachari conveyed “a warning on behalf of people of the South”, some of whom threatened to separate from India if Hindi was imposed on them.

4. A compromise was finally arrived at: namely, that while Hindi would be the “official language” of India, English would be used in the courts, the services, and communications between one state and another.

Question 5. 
How was the Indian state formed on the basis of language?
Answer: 
(1) In October of that year, a veteran Gandhian named Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger strike demanding the formation of the Andhra state to protect the interests of Telugu speakers.

(2) On 15 December 1952, fifty-eight days into his fast, Potti Sriramulu died. The news of his passing away engulfed the entire Andhra in Chaos.

(3) The protests were so widespread and intense that the central government was forced to give in to the demand. Thus, on 1 October 1953, the new state of Andhra came into being, which subsequently became Andhra Pradesh.

(4) After the creation of Andhra, other linguistic communities also demanded their own separate states. A States Reorganisation Commission was set up, which submitted its report in 1956.

(5) On recommendation the redrawing of the district and provincial boundaries was to form compact provinces of Assamese, Bengali, Oriya, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada and Telugu speakers respectively.

(6) The large Hindi-speaking region of north India was also to be broken up into several states. A little later, in 1960, the bilingual state of Bombay was divided into separate states for Marathi and Gujarati speakers. In 1966, the state of Punjab was also divided into Punjab and Haryana.
Thus, on the basis of language, Indian states were formed.

Question 6. 
“Even after 60 years of independence, deep divisions persist in our country.” Explain.
Answer: 
Even after 60 years of independence, deep divisions persist in our country. This can be understood by the following points:
(1) Despite constitutional guarantees, the Untouchables or, as they are now referred to, the Dalits, face violence and discrimination.

(2) In many parts of rural India they are not allowed access to water sources, temples, parks and other public places.

(3) Despite the secular ideals enshrined in the Constitution, there have been clashes between different religious groups in many states.

(4) The gulf between the rich and the poor has grown over the years. Some parts of India and some groups of Indians have benefited a great deal from economic development. They live in large houses and dine in expensive restaurants, send their children to expensive private schools and take expensive foreign holidays. At the same time, many others continue to live below the poverty line. Housed in urban slums, or living in remote villages on lands that yield little, they cannot afford to send their children to school.