RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation  Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation 

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. 
A socially marginalized community is characterized by
(a) Feeling of being rich
(b) Feeling of being politically powerful
(c) Feeling of being more educated
(d) Feeling of being powerless and defeated
Answer:
(d) Feeling of being powerless and defeated

Question 2. 
Which of the following communities are marginalized in India?
(a) Hindu community
(b) Sikh community
(c) Christian community
(d) Muslim community 
Answer:
(d) Muslim community 

Question 3. 
The tribal (Adivasi) group seems completely different from others because
(a) there is very little difference between high and low
(b) there is a lot of difference between high and low
(c) they believe in Christianity
(d) they hold authority over the English language
Answer:
 (a) there is very little difference between high and low
 
Question 4. 
The percentage of tribals who are displaced due to mining and mining projects is
(a) Ten 
(b) Twenty
(c) Fifty 
(d) Seventy 
Answer:
(c) Fifty

Question 5. 
The concept of the minority is related to
(a) having less population than the rest of the population.
(b) having less access to power and resources.
(c) social and cultural differences.
(d) All of the above. 
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question 6.
According to the 2011 census, the total number of Muslims in the total population of the country is
(a) 2% 
(b) 3.4%
(c) 14.2% 
(d) 82% 
Answer:
(c) 14.2%

Question 7. 
The state with a high population of tribals are
(a) Chattisgarh 
(b) Haryana
(c) Punjab 
(d) Uttar Pradesh 
Answer:
(a) Chattisgarh

Question 8. 
Niyamgiri is the sacred mountain of which community?
(a) Bhil 
(b) Gonda
(c) Santhal 
(d) DongarriaKond
Answer:
(d) DongarriaKond

Question 9. 
In which state there are more than 60 different tribal groups?
(a) Jharkhand 
(b) Gujarat
(c) Odisha 
(d) Rajasthan 
Answer:
(c) Odisha 

Question 10. 
When was the Sachar Committee formed?
(a) 1992 
(b) 1996
(c) 2005 
(d) 2008 
Answer:
(c) 2005 

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. 
................means those who are forced to occupy the sides or fringes.
Answer:
Marginalized

Question 2.
Around................of India’s population is Adivasi.
Answer:
 8 percent
 
Question 3.
Adivasi is often involved in the worship of ancestors, village, and................spirits.
Answer:
nature

Question 4. 
Our constitution provides safeguards for religious and linguistic................
Answer:
minorities

Question 5. 
Like other minorities,................ customs practices are sometimes quite distinct from the mainstream.
Answer:
Muslim

State True or False

Question 1. 
Many important mining and industrial areas of the country are in tribal areas.
Answer:
True

Question 2. 
The tribals have only one tribal religion.
Answer:
False

Question 3. 
The tribals have the lowest number of Santhali speakers.
Answer:
False

Question 4. 
Losing their lands and access to the forest means that tribals lose their main sources of livelihood and food.
Answer:
True

Question 5. 
Marginalised communities want to maintain their cultural distinctiveness.
Answer:
True

Match Correctly

(a)	(b)
Forced to occupy the sides	Mainstream
Forcibly move from their  houses due to development projects	Marginalized
Centre of society	Ghettoization
Area or locality that is   populated largely by members of a particular community	Displaced

Answer:

(a)	(b)
Forced to occupy the sides	Marginalized
Forcibly move from their  houses due to development projects	Displaced
Centre of society	Mainstream
Area or locality that is   populated largely by members of a particular community	Ghettoization

 

Very Short Answer Type Questions
 
Question 1. 
What does die word ‘Adivasi’ mean? 
Answer:
The word ‘Adivasi’ means ‘original inhabitants.

Question 2. 
To whom do the tribals worship?
Answer:
Tribals often worship their ancestors, village, and nature spirits.

Question 3. 
Who are Adivasis?
Answer:
Adivasis are communities who lived, and often continue to live, in close association with forests,

Question 4. 
Which states of India have a greater population of Adivasis?
Answer:
Adivasis are particularly numerous in states like Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, and Tripura. 

Question 5.
Which language has the highest number of tribal speakers in India?
Answer:
Santhali has the highest number of tribal speakers in India.

Question 6. 
Why Adivasis were not ruled by large states and empires?
Answer:
Adivasis were not ruled by large states and empires because they have control over most of the forest.

Question 7. 
When tribals are removed from their land, what do they lose?
Answer:
When tribals are removed from their land, they lose their source of income, tradition, and customs.

Question 8. 
Which religious community has the lowest literacy in India?
Answer:
The Muslim community has the lowest literacy in India.

Question 9. 
Which religious community has the highest literacy rate in India?
Answer:
Jain community.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
What is meant by Ghettoisation? 
Answer:
Ghettoization: 
A ghetto is an area or locality that is populated largely by members of a particular community. Ghettoization refers to the process that leads to such a situation. This may occur due to various social, cultural, and economic reasons. Fear or hostility may also compel a community to group together as they feel more secure living among their own. Often a ‘ghettoized’ community has few options for moving out, which may- lead to them becoming alienated from the rest of the society.

Question 2. 
Write 9 notes on tribal religions.
Answer:
Adivasis practice a range of tribal religions that are different from Islam, Hinduism, and Christianity. These often involve file worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirits, the last associated with and residing in various sites in the landscape - ‘mountain-spirits’, ‘river-spirits’, ‘animal spirits, etc. The village spirits are often worshipped at specific sacred groves within the village boundary while the ancestral ones are usually worshipped at home

Question 3. 
Explain the reasons for the displacement of tribals.
Answer:
The tribals have to be displaced from their land due to many reasons. As in:
(1) Adivasis have lived in areas that are rich in minerals and other natural resources. These are taken for mining and other large industrial projects. Powerful forces have often colluded to take over tribal land. According to official figures, more than 50 percent of persons displaced due to mines and mining projects are tribals.

(2) Huge tracts of their lands have also gone under the waters of hundreds of dams. They have been displaced from these places.

(3) India has 104 national parks covering 40,501 sq km and 543 wildlife sanctuaries covering 1,18,918 sq km. These are areas where tribals originally lived but were evicted from.

(4) Powerful groups, government officials, capitalists,s and money-lenders have fooled the tribals and occupied their land and displaced them.

Question 4. 
Explain the change in the status of tribals after being displaced.
Answer:
Losing their lands and access to the forest means that tribals lose their main sources of livelihood and food. Having gradually lost access to their traditional homelands, many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages in local industries or at building or construction sites. They, thus, get caught in a cycle of poverty and deprivation. 

When Adivasis are displaced from their lands, they lose much more than a source of income. They lose their traditions and customs - a way of living and being.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Write an essay on Muslims and Marginalisation.
Answer:
Muslim and Marginalisation:
According to the 2011 census, Muslims are 14.2 percent of India’s population and are considered to be a marginalized community in India because, in comparison to other communities, they have over the years been deprived of the benefits of 
socio-economic development. 
The status of marginalization of Muslims is explained under the following points:
(1) Comparative Status of Muslims in terms of Basic Amenities: 
According to the data from 2008-09, more Muslim families are living in kuchcha houses than other communities. Only 67.5 percent of their houses had electricity while 75.2 percent of Hindu houses had electricity. Similarly, only 35.8 percent of Muslims use tap water whereas 43.7 percent of Hindu use tap water. It is clear from this that Muslims are far behind the Hindus in basic amenities like electricity, house, and water.

(2) Status of Literacy:
According to the 2011 census, the literacy rate of the Muslim community is less in comparison to other communities. In India, the literacy rate of Hindus, Christian, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains are 63%, 74%, 67%, 71%, and 86% respectively, and the literacy rate of Muslims is very low, i.e. 57 percent.

(3) Percentage of Muslims in Public Employment:
According to a 2006 statistics report, the population of Muslims in India was 13.5 percent, but Muslims in public employment was only 3 percent IAS, 4 percent IPS, 1.8 percent IFS, 3.3 percent PSU, 10.8 percent State PSU and 2.2 percent Bank and RBI.

This shows that Muslims in India was lagging behind in terms of various development indicators. According to various social, economic, and educational indicators, the situation of the Muslim community is comparable to that of other marginalized communities like Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes.

(4) Other Aspects of Marginalisation:
Economic and social marginalization experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well. Like other minorities, Muslim customs and practices are sometimes quite distinct from what is seen as the mainstream. 

Some not all:
Muslims may wear a burqa, sport a long beard, or wear a fez, and these become ways to identify all Muslims. Because of this, they tend to be identified differently and some people think they are not like the ‘rest of us’. Often this becomes an excuse to treat them unfairly and discriminate against them