RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 13 Amines

These comprehensive RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 13 Amines will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 13 Notes Amines

→ Aliphatic amines :
In such type of amines nitrogen atom is attach with one or more alkyl groups. Example: CH3NH2

→ Aromatic amines :
In such type of amines nitrogen atom is attaded with one or more aryl group diirectly. Example: C₆H₅NH₂

→ Ammonolysis:
The dissociation of C-X bond wiith ammonia molecule is termed as ammonolysis.

→ Curtius degradation:
The complete reaction in which acyl azide releases nitrogen and forms intermediate compound, gives primary amine on hydrolyis in acidic or basic medium which has one carbon less than carboxylic acid is known as Curtius degradation.

 

→ Order of basicity:
(i) 3° amine > 2° amine > 1° amine (gaseous phase)

(iv) p-toluedien > aniline > p-chloroaniline > p-nitroaniline
(v) p-anisidine > m-aniline
(vi) Aniline > m-nitroaniline > p-nitroaniline > o-nitroaniline
(vii) p-mfethyl anisidine > m-methyl aniline > aniline > o-methyl aniline

→ Acylation : Aliphatic and aromatic primary and secondary amine give nucleophilic substitution reaction with acid chlorides, anhydride and easter. This is called Acylation reaction.

→ Benzolation: Amine also reacts with benzoyl chloride (C₆H₅COCl) and H-atom of amine is replaced by COC₆H₅ group, this reaction is called Benzoylatioin.

→ Diazotisation : Primary aromatic amine reacts with nitrous acid at very low temp (0-3°C) forms aromatic diazonium salt. This is known as Diazotisation.

→ Hinsberg's reagent : Benzene sulphonyl chloride (C₆H₅SO₂Cl) is termed as Heinsberg's reagent.

→ Sulphanilic acid: p-amino benzene sulphonic acid is termed as Heinsberg's reagent.

→ Hydration effect: Stability of protonated amine by water molecule is called Hydration effect or solvation effect.

→ Coupling reaction: When benzene diazonium chloride reacts with other aromatic compound then the azo products obtained have anextended conjugate system having both the aromatic rings joined through the —N = N — bond and coloured compounds are formed. Such type of reaction are termed as Coupling Reation.

→ On dissolving alkyl halide in very less quantity of alcohol and then reaction with KCN (aqueous), alkyl cyanide are obtained whereas reaction with AgCN, alkylisocyanide are formed.

→ Alkyl Cyanides are obtained by dehydration of aldoximes in the presence of P₂O₅.

→ Alkyl Cyanides have pleasant odour but alkyl isocyanides of same molecular weight have very unpleasent odour.

→ Alkyl cyanides are more soluble than alkyl isocyanide because of Hydrogen bonding.

→ Alkyl isocyanides shows addition reaction with halogen, sulphur, ozone, mercuric oxide

→ Alkyl isocyanides when heated strongly for a long time is converted to more stable cyanide.

→ Urea is the first organic compound which was synthesised from inorganic compounds by Wohler.

→ Urea reacts with malonic acid to form sleeping medicine barbituric acid.

→ Nitration: Introducing nitro group in any molecule.

→ The mixture of cone. HNO₃ and cone. H₂SO₄ is called nitrating mixture.

→ The readuction of nitroalkane in different conditions gives different product which is shown by following chart.

→ The differentiation among primary, secondary and tertiary nitroalkanes can be done by reaction nitro alkane forms nitrolic acid with nitrous acid which dissolving in base gives red colour solution. Secondary nitroalkane forms blue coloured pscidontrol with nitrous acid whereas tertiary nitroalkane do not react with nitrous acid.

→ Nitrozene or nitrobenzene is ortho-para (o-p) directive for nucleophilic substitution reaction.

→ Nitrozene or nitrobenzene is meta (m) directive for electrophilic substitution.

→ Gattermann Reaction:

→ Sandmeyer's Reaction:

→ Baiz Schlemann Reaction:

→ Diazotisation:

→ Hoffmann's mustard oil reaction:

→ Libermann's nitroso reaction:
It is used differentiate between primary and secondary amine.

→ Carbylamine test:

→ Sochotten Baumann reaction:

→ Schmidt reaction:

→ Curtius reaction:

→ Hoffmann's Bromamide reaction:
RCONH₂ + Br₂ + 4KOH → RNH₂ + K2CO₃ + 2KBr + 2H₂O

→ Carbyiamine test:

→ Mendius reduction:

→ Thorpe reaction

→ Biuret test: