RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

These comprehensive RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Notes Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers

→ Hydroxy derivatives of alkanes are known as alcohols.
Alcohols can be prepared by the following methods:

• By alkene.
• By Grignard reagent.
• By reduction of carboxylic acid and ester.
• By haloalkane.
• By hydrolysis of ester.
• By aliphatic primary amine.

→ Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding alcohols with low molecular weight are soluble in water and as the molecular weight increases, solubility decreases.

→ Chemical reactions of alcohols can be divided into parts:

• Due to the cleavage of O— H bond of hydroxyl group.
• Due to the cleavage of C—O bond of alkanol.
• Reactions involving alkyl and hydroxyl group.
• Due to the presence of lone pair of electrons on oxygen atom of hydroxyl group.

→ Aromatic hydroxy compounds in which hydroxy group is directly attached to benzene ring are known as phenols.

→ Phenol is colourless liquid with characteristic smell. When it comes in contact with air, it gets oxidised and form para-benzoquinone due to which it changes to pink colour. It is sparingly soluble in water.

→ Chemical reactions of phenol are divided into three classes:

• Of phenolic group
• Of benzene ring
• Condensation Reactions

→ Ethers are colourless liquids with pleasant smell. They are less soluble in water .

→ Esterification: The reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of cone. H2S04 to form esters.

→ Hydrogenolysis : Catalytic hydrogenation is called hydrogenolysis.

→ Dow's reaction

→ Rasching's process:

→ Fried Craft alkylation:

→ Fries rearrangement

→ Kolbe's reaction:

→ Reimer Tiemann Reaction:

→ Coupling reaction:

→ Williamson's Synthesis:
R' - O - Na + X - R → R' - O - R + NaX