RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
These comprehensive RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Notes Chapter 11 Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers will give a brief overview of all the concepts.
RBSE Class 12 Chemistry Chapter 11 Notes Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers
→ Hydroxy derivatives of alkanes are known as alcohols.
Alcohols can be prepared by the following methods:
- By alkene.
- By Grignard reagent.
- By reduction of carboxylic acid and ester.
- By haloalkane.
- By hydrolysis of ester.
- By aliphatic primary amine.
→ Due to intermolecular hydrogen bonding alcohols with low molecular weight are soluble in water and as the molecular weight increases, solubility decreases.
→ Chemical reactions of alcohols can be divided into parts:
- Due to the cleavage of O— H bond of hydroxyl group.
- Due to the cleavage of C—O bond of alkanol.
- Reactions involving alkyl and hydroxyl group.
- Due to the presence of lone pair of electrons on oxygen atom of hydroxyl group.
→ Aromatic hydroxy compounds in which hydroxy group is directly attached to benzene ring are known as phenols.
→ Phenol is colourless liquid with characteristic smell. When it comes in contact with air, it gets oxidised and form para-benzoquinone due to which it changes to pink colour. It is sparingly soluble in water.
→ Chemical reactions of phenol are divided into three classes:
- Of phenolic group
- Of benzene ring
- Condensation Reactions
→ Ethers are colourless liquids with pleasant smell. They are less soluble in water .
→ Esterification: The reaction of alcohol and carboxylic acid in the presence of cone. H2S04 to form esters.
→ Hydrogenolysis : Catalytic hydrogenation is called hydrogenolysis.
→ Dow's reaction
→ Rasching's process:
→ Fried Craft alkylation:
→ Fries rearrangement
→ Kolbe's reaction:
→ Reimer Tiemann Reaction:
→ Coupling reaction:
→ Williamson's Synthesis:
R' - O - Na + X - R → R' - O - R + NaX
