RBSE Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 10 Displacing Indigenous Peoples

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 10 Displacing Indigenous Peoples Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 11 History Important Questions Chapter 10 Displacing Indigenous Peoples

Very Short Answer Type Questions 

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Class 11 Important Questions Question 1. 
Explain the meaning of the word ’Native' what were the natives of Australia known as ?
Answer:
The word ‘Native’ means a place where a person s bam orlived in. The natives or Australia were known as the Aborigins.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Class 11 Extra Questions Question 2. 
Describe in brief geographical extend or situation of North America.
Answer:
North American continent is extented from the Arctic Circle to the Tropic of Cancer and from Pacific to Atlantic Ocean.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Class 11 Question Answer Question 3. 
Define the term ’Settlers’.
Answer:
Settlers are the people who have settled at place which is not their native land. The term/concept ‘settler’ is used for the Britishers in Ireland, for Europeans in America, etc.

Class 11 History Chapter 10 Extra Questions And Answers Question 4. 
Who discovered America and when ?
Answer:
The America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Important Questions And Answers Question 5. 
Write in brief about North American economy.
Answer:
North American economy was subsistence economy. The native grows crops and produces crops to meet their both end needs. No surplus agricultural produce was available for them.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Questions And Answers Question 6. 
What were languages known to natives of North America?
Answer:
The North American natives spoke different languages, but none of them was available to us in written form.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Class 11 Questions And Answers Question 7. 
What was the importance of Wampum belt for American natives?
Answer:
This belt marks the importance of mutual relations between the American tribes. It was made up of coloured shells sewn together.

Extra Questions Of Displacing Indigenous Peoples Question 8. 
What steps were taken by Europeans for the development of Agriculture in USA? Write any two.
Answer:
(i) The Europeans clear the forests for agricultural use.
(ii) To protect the land from animals the errected bared around their fields.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Extra Questions Question 9. 
Who were Cherokees? Where did they live?
Answer:
Cherokees were American tribals. They lived in Georgia Province (State) of United States of America.

Class 11 History Chapter 10 Questions And Answers Question 10. 
What was ‘Gold Rush’ ?
Answer:
Gold Rush refers to immense wealth of Goldmines found in California (USA). To acquire this region European countries became mad. Their race to acquire it is termed as Gold Rush.

Class 11 History Ch 10 Question Answer Question 11. 
What were known as wild buffaloes?
Answer:
The wild buffaloes found in America. They were also known as ‘Bison’. They exterminated by 1890 C.E.

Important Questions Of Displacing Indigenous Peoples Question 12. 
Who discovered Australia and when?
Answer:
Australia was discovered by a Dutch

Ch 10 History Class 11 Question 13. 
What was the attitude of the Australians toward natives ?
Answer:
The Australians attitude toward natives was very cordial.

Displacing Indigenous Peoples Class 11 Question 14. 
How did the process of economic development begin in Australia ?
Answer:
The process of economic development in Australia began with the establishment of European colonies. They introduced the rearing of Marino sheep, cleared forests for agriculture use and also established mining industry. Thus the European settlers laid down the foundation of economic development in Australia.

Class 11 History Displacing Indigenous Peoples Question Answer Question 15. 
Name the Australian capital. When was it established ?
Answer:
Canberra is Australian capital. It was founded in 1911.

Short Answer Type Question :

Class 11 History Chapter Displacing Indigenous Peoples Question Answer Question 1. 
Why did American empires of Spain and Portugal did not expand after 17th century ?
Answer:
Other countries like France, Holland and England began to expand their trading activities and established colonies in America, Africa and Asia. Ireland was also the virtual colony of England, as the landowners were mostly English settlers. From the eighteenth century, it became obvious that while it was the prospect of profit which drove people to establish colonies, there were significant variations in the nature of the control establishment.

History Class 11 Chapter 10 Question Answer Question 2. 
Why did the tribes not attempt to produce a surplus ?
Answer:
There were some intense querrels between tribes over territory, but by and large control of land was not an issue. They were content with the food and shelter they got from the land without feeling any need to ‘own’ it. A important feature of their tradition was that of making formal alliances and friendships and exchanging gifts. Goods were obtained not by buying them, but as gifts.

Class 11 Displacing Indigenous Peoples Question 3. 
Why often the people go to long journeys ?
Answer:
These peoples lived in bands, in villages along river valleys. They ate fish and meat and cultivated vegetables and maize. They often went on long journeys in search of meat chiefly that of bison, the wild buffalo that roamed the grasslands.

Class 11th History Chapter 10 Question Answer In Hindi Question 4. 
How did the trading companies like the East India Company made themselves into political powers in South Asia ?
Answer:
In South Asia, trading companies like the East India Company made themselves into political power, defeated local rulers and annexed their territories. They retained the older well developed administrative system and collected taxes from landowners. Later they built railways to make trade easier, excavated mines and established big plantations.

Class 11 Chapter 10 History Question 5. 
What is anthropology?
Answer:
It is significant that it was from 1840s that the subject of anthropology was is introduced in North America, out of a curiosity to study the differences between native ‘primitive’ communities and the civilised communities of Europe. Some anthropologists argued that just as there were no primitive people to be found in Europe, the American natives too would ‘die out’.

Question 6. 
What do you know about the earliest inhabitants of North America ? From where they came ?
Answer:
The earliest inahbitants of North America came from Asia over 30,000 years ago on a land-bridge across the Bering Straits, and during the last Ice Age 50,000 years ago they moved further south. The oldest artifact found in America an arrow point - is 11,000 years old. The population started to increase about 5,000 years ago when the climate became more stable.

Question 7. 
Discuss the features of the lifestyle of the native people of North America.
Answer:
Lifestyle of the native people was as follows :
(a) These people lived in bands, in villages along river valleys.
(b) They ate fish and meat and cultivated vegetables and maize.
(c) They often went on long journeys in search of meat, chiefly that of bison.
(d) They did not attempt extensive agriculture and since they did not produce a surplus, they did not develop kingdoms and empires as in Central and South America.
(e) There were some instances of quarrels between tribes over territory, but by and large control of land was not an issue.
(f) An important feature of their tradition was that of making formal alliances and friendships and exchanging gifts. Goods were obtained not by buying them, but as gifts.
(g) The natives used to speak a number of languages but names of these languages were not written down.

Question 8. 
What was the difference in view points of the natives of North America and the Europeans regarding exchange of gifts ?
Answer:
The natives of North America regarded the goods they exchanged with the Europeans as gifts, given in friendship. On the other hand, the Europeans regarded the goods they exchanged with the natives of North America as commodities which would sell for a profit in Europe.

Question 9. 
Why was the history of the Australian native peoples left out of history books ?
Answer:
They did not foresee that in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries nearly 90 percent of them would die by exposure to germs, by the loss of their lands and resources, and in battles against the settlers. The experiment of settling Brazil with Portuguese convicts had been abandoned when their violent behaviour provoked angry reprisals from the natives. The British had adopted the same practice in the American colonies until they became independent. Then they continued it in Australia. 

Most of the early settlers were convicts who had been deported from England and when their jail terms ended, were allowed to live as free people in Australia on condition that they did not return to Britain. With no resource but to make a life for themselves in this land so different from their own, they felt no hesitation about ejecting natives from land they took over for cultivation.

Question 10. 
Why the Northern States of the USA, argued for ending slavery ?
Answer:
(i) The climate of the southern region was too hot for Europeans to work outdoors, and the experience of South American colonies had shown that the natives who had been enslaved had died in large numbers. Plantation owners therefore bought slaves in Africa. Protest by anti-slavery groups led to a ban on slave trade, but the Africans who were in the USA remained slaves, as did their children.

(ii) The northern states of the USA, where the economy did not depend on plantations argued for ending slavery which they condemned as an inhumane practice. In 1861-65, there was a war between the states that wanted to retain slavery and those supporting abolition. The latter won. Slavery was abolished, though it was only in the twentieth century that the African Americans were able to win the battle for civil liberties, and segregation between ‘whites’ and ‘non-whites’ in schools and public transport was ended.

Question 11.
How did the ‘Gold Rush’ prove a blessing for the continent of North America?
Answer:
The ‘Gold Rush’ led to the building of railway lines across the continent of North America. Thousands of Chinese workers were recruited for it. By 1870 CE, the USA's railway network were completed. In this way, the ‘Gold Rush’ proved to be a blessing for the continent of N. America.

Question 12.
Where did the Europeans first settled in N. America ? What was their attitude towards the local people of the continent ?
Answer:
The European traders reached the north coast of America first of all in the 17th century. They came there to trade in fish and furs. They were quite happy to see that the local people were quite friendly and welcoming. Europeans gave blankets, iron vessels, guns and alcohol to natives in exchange for local products.

The natives had not known alcohol earlier. Very soon they became addicted to it. This addiction proved very helpful for Europeans as it enabled the Europeans to dictate terms of trade. The Europeans also acquired an addiction of tobacco from the natives. Western Europeans defined civilised people in terms of literacy, an organised religion and urbanism. According to them, natives of America were uncivilised.

Question 13. 
Why the US and Canadian governments, ended all special provisions for the natives ? Explain.
Answer:
In the 1950s and 1960s, the US and Canadian governments thought of ending all special provisions for the natives in the hope that they would ‘join the mainstream’, that is adopt European culture. But the natives did not want this. In 1954, in the ‘Declaration of Indian Rights’ prepared by them, a number of native peoples accepted citizenship of the USA but on condition that their reservations would not be taken away and their traditions would not be interferred with. A similar development occurred in Canada.

In 1969 the government announced that they would ‘not recognise aboriginal rights’. The natives, in a well organised opposition move, held a series of demonstrations and debates. The question could not be resolved till 1982, when the Constitution Act accepted the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives. Many details remain to be worked out. 

Today, it is clear that the native peoples of both countries, though reduced so much in numbers from what they had been in the eighteenth century, have been able to assert their right to their own cultures and, particularly in Canada, to their sacred lands, in a way their ancestors could not have done in the 1880s.

Question 14. 
What is meant by ‘settler’ ?
Answer:
The word ‘settler’ is used for the Dutch in South Africa, the British in Ireland, New Zealand and Australia, and the Europeans in America. The official language in colonies was English (except in Canada, where French is also an official language).

Question 15. 
What was the ‘Gold Rush’ ? What led to it ?
Answer:
The ‘Gold Rush’ is the name of a mad race which compelled thousands of eager Europeans to reach America to obtain gold there. The Europeans hoped that there was gold in North America. In 1840s, traces of gold were found at California in the USA. This led to the ‘Gold Rush’.

Question 16. 
What was the major motivating factor for colonialism ? Give examples of variations found in the nature of colonialism.
Answer:
The prospect of profit was the major motivating factor for colonialism. But there were significant variations in the nature of colonialism, which were as follows :
(1) In South Asia, trading companies established their political powers. They defeated local rulers and annexed their territories. They retained the older well- developed administrative system in place of a new one and collected taxes from landowners. Later they constructed railways to make trade easier, excavated mines and established big plantations.

(2) Except in South Africa, Europeans traded on the sea-coasts of the whole of Africa for long. It was only in the late nineteenth century that they went into the interior. After this, some of the European countries agreed to divide up Africa as colonies for themselves.

Question 17. 
What was the reaction of the natives of Australia against the advent of the Europeans in Australia ?
Answer:
Australia was discovered in 1770 by the British navigator Captain Cook. Captain Cook and his crew were welcomed by the natives of Australia. Therefore the early reports send by Captain Cook and his crew about their interaction with natives were quite enthusiastic. But later on, Captain Cook was killed by a native in Hawaii. This led to complete change of the British feeling towards them. Now they tried to prove that the natives of Australia were violent in their behaviour.

All the natives of Australia did not consider the advent of the Europeans as a danger because they lacked foresighteness. They were unable to see that in the 19th and 20th centuries, most of them would die to their exposure to germs, battles against the settlers and by the loss of their lands.

Long Answer Type Questions:

Question 1. 
Explain the rolo of ‘Gold Rush’ in economic and political expansion of America.
Answer:
Role of ‘Gold Rush’ in the economic and political expansion of America can be explained as follows:

(a) Building of Railway Lines : The Gold Rush contributed to the building of railway lines across the continent of North America. Thousands of Chinese workers were employed for the construction of the railways. By 1870 CE, the USA’s railway network was completed. Canada’s railway was completed by 1885 CE.

(b) Growth of Industries : Gold Rush led to the .growth of industries in North America. Here industries developed for two reasons. Firstly, to manufacture railway equipment so that the distant places would be linked with rapid transport. Secondly, to produce machinery to make large-scale farming easier. Both in the USA and Canada, factories multiplied and industrial towns grew. USA's economy was an undeveloped economy in 1860 CE but in 1890 CE it was one of the leading industrial power in the world.

(c) Expansion of Agriculture : Large areas of forests were cleared and divided into farms. The bison had almost been exterminated by 1890 CE, thus ending the life of hunting the natives.

(d) Political Expansion : In 1892, the USA's continental expansion was complete. The area between the Pacific and the Atlantic Ocean was divided up into states. There no longer remained the ‘frontier’ that had pulled European settlers west for many decades. Within a few years the USA was setting up its own colonies in Hawaii and the Phillipines. It had become an imperial power.

Question 2. 
Why did white Americans feel sympathy for the natives who simultaneously denied the benefits of citizenship ?
Answer:
(i) White Americans felt sympathy for the natives who were being discouraged from the full exercise of their cultures and simultaneously denied the benefits of citizenship. This led to a landmark law in the USA, the Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934, who give natives in reservations the right to buy land and take loAnswer:

(ii) In the 1950s and 1960s, the US and Canadian governments thought of ending all special provisions for the natives in the hope that they would ‘join the mainstream’, that is, adopt European culture. But the natives did not want this. In 1954, in the Declaration of Indian Rights’ prepared by them, a number of native peoples accepted citizenship of the USA but on condition that their reservations would not be taken away and their traditions would not be interforced with.

(iii) A similar development occurred in Canada. In 1969 the government announced that they would ‘not recognise aboriginal rights’. The natives, in a well-organised opposition move, held a series of demonstrations and debates. The question could not be resolved till 1982, when the Constitution Act accepted the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives. Many details remain to be worked out.

(iv) Today, it is clear that the native peoples of both countries, though reduced so much in numbers from what they had been in the eighteenth century, have been able to assert their right to their own cultures and, particularly in Canada, to their sacred lands, in a way their ancestors could not have done in the 1880s.

Question 3. 
How can you say that the economic development of Australia under European settlement was not as varied as in Americans?
Answer:
(i) The economic development of Australia under European settlement was not as varied as in America. Vast sheep farms and mining stations were established over a long period and with much labour, followed by vineyards and wheat farming. These came to form the basis of the country’s prosperity. When the states were united, and it was decided that a new capital would be built for Australia in 1911, one name suggested for it was Woolwheat Gold! Ultimately, it was called Canberra (Kamberra, a native word meaning ‘meeting place’).

(ii) Some natives were employed in farms under conditions of work so harsh that it was little different from slavery. Later, Chinese immigrants provided cheap labour, as in California, but unease about being dependent on non-whites led to the governments in both countries to ban Chinese immigrants. Till 1974, such was the popular fear that ‘dark’ people form South Asia or Southeast Asia might migrate to Australia in large numbers that there was a government policy to keep ‘non-white’ people out.

Question 4. 
Write a short note regarding European Imperialism.
Answer:
(i) The American empires of Spain and Portugal did not expand after the seventeenth century. From that time other countries France, Holland and England- began to extend their trading activities and to establish colonies in America, Africa and Asia; Ireland also was virtually a colony of England, as the landowners there were mostly English settlers.

(ii) From the eighteenth century, it became obvious that while it was the prospect of profit which drove people to establish colonies, there were significant variations in the nature of the control established.

(iii) In South Asia, trading companies like the East India Company made themselves into political powers, defeated local rulers and annexed their territories. They retained the order well-developed administrative system and collected taxes from landowners. Later they built railways to make trade easier, excavated mines and established big plantations.

(iv) In Africa, Europeans traded on the coast, except in South Africa, and only in the late nineteenth century did they venture into the interior. After this, some of the European countries reached an agreement to divide up Africa as colonies for themselves.

Question 5.
Explain the winds of change in North America after 1920s.
Or
What steps were taken for the rights and interests of the natives of North America? What is their present position?
Answer:
(a) The Indian Reorganisation Act of 1934 : After the 1920s, the Europeans felt sympathy for the natives. They took several steps for their rights and interests. The US government passed a landmark Act in 1934. This Act gave natives the right to buy land and take loAnswer:

(b) Efforts to motivate Natives to join the mainstream : The US government, in the 1950s and 1960s thought of removing all special provisions given to the natives. Government hoped that the natives would join the mainstream i.e., adopt the European culture. But the natives were against it. In 1954 CE, they prepared the ‘Declaration of Indian Rights’. In this declaration, citizenship of the USA was accepted by a number of natives but on a condition that their reservations would remain as it is and government would not interfere in their tradtions.

(c) The Constitution Act of 1982 : In 1969 CE, the Canadian government refused to recognise aboriginal rights of the natives in Canada. The natives strongly opposed this decision of the government. They held a number ,of demonstrations and debates. Compelled by the circumstances, the government in 1982 CE passed the Constitution Act. According to this act, the existing aboriginal and treaty rights of the natives were accepted.

(d) Present Position : Today the scenerio has completely changed. Though the native people of both the countries have reduced in’ great number, yet they have been able to assert their right to their own cultures.

Question 6. 
What were the methods adopted by the Europeans to displace the natives? How did the Europeans justified the displacement of the natives ?
Answer:
With the expansion of European settlement in America, natives were displaced from the region concerned. The methods adopted by the Europeans to displace the natives were as follows :

(а) They used to inspire the native people to abandon those regions.

(b) In case the natives refused to abandon those areas, they were threatened.

(c) They had deceitfully acquired more land from the natives and forced them out from here. The Europeans justified the displacement of the natives by saying that the natives did not know the judicious use of their land. They criticised them by calling them sluggish. They were unaware about their craft skill to produce goods for the market. Natives were also criticised on the ground that they were not interested in learning English and wearing western dress. So they deserved to die out. Wild bisons were killed on a large scale to clear prairies for the farmland.

Question 7. 
Write a description about the winds of change in Australia.
Answer:
Several factors were responsible for wind of change in Australia :
(a) In 1968, people were electrified by a lecture by the anthropologist W.E.H. Stanner, “The Great Australian Silence” - the silence of historians about aborigines. From the 1970s as was happening in North America, there was an eagerness to understand natives not as anthropological curiosities but as communities with distinct cultures, unique ways of understanding nature and climate, with a sense of community which had vast bodies of stories, textile and painting and carving skills, which should be understood and recorded and respected.

(b) Underlying it all was the urgent question which Henry Reynolds later articultated in a powerful book. Why weren't We Told ? This condemned the practice of writing Australian history as though it had begun with Captain Cook's discovery. Since then, university departments have been instituted to study native cultures, galleries of native art have been added to art galleries, museums have been enlarged to in corporate dioramas and imaginatively designed rooms explaining native culture and native have begun writing their own life histories.

(c) From the 1974, ‘multiculturalism’ has been official policy in Australia, which gave equal respect to native cultures and to different cultures of the immigrants from Europe and Asia.

(d) From the 1970s, the term ‘human rights’ began to be heard at meetings of the UNO and other international agencies. The Australian public realised that in contrast to the USA, Canada and New Zealand. Australia had no treaties with the natives formalising the takeover of land by Europeans. The government had always termed the land of Australia terra nullius, that is belonging to nobody.

(e) There was also a long and agonising history of children of mixed blood (native European) being forcibly captured and seperated from their nature relatives. This led to two important decisions : one to recognise that the natives had strong historic bonds with the land which was ‘sacred’ to them and which should be respected; two that while past acts could not be undone, there should be a public apology for the injustice done to children in attempt to keep ‘white’ and ‘coloured’ people apart.

(f)  Thus following acts were passed in Australia, leading to a wind of change :

• In 1974, ‘White Australia’ policy ends, Asian immigrants allowed entry.
• In 1992, Australian High Court declared that terra nullis was legally invalid and recognise native claims to land from before 1770.
• In 1995, there was a National Enquiry into the seperation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families.
• ‘A National Sorry Day was organised, as an apology for the children lost from the 1820s to the 1970s.

Question 8. 
Explain the reasons for changes in the landscapes of America in the 19th century. What were these changes ?
Answer:
Some drastic changes took place in the landscape of America in the 19th century. This was because of the following points :
(a) Some of the migrants from Britain and France wanted to own land in America. They were younger sons and were therefore not able to inherit their father's property.
(b) Several immigrants from Germany, Sweden, Italy etc. had lost their lands to big farmers. They wanted farms that they could own.
(c) People from Poland wanted to work in Prairie grasslands, which reminded them of the steppes of their home. They were excited at being able to buy huge properties at low prices in America.

Changes :
(а) The Europeans cleared land and developed agriculture, introducing crops (rice and cotton) which could not grow in Europe and therefore could be sold for profit. 
(b) To protect their huge farms from wild animals such as wolves and mountain lions, they hunted them to extinction.
(c) They surrounded their farms with barbed wire. 

Source Based Questions 

1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow :

‘At sunset on the day before America (that is, before the Europeans reached there and gave the continent this name), diversity lay at every hand. People spoke in more than a hundred tongues. They lived by every possible combination of hunting, fishing, gathering, gardening, and farming open to them. The quality of soils and the effort required to open and tend them determined some of their choices of how to live. Cultural and social biases determined others. Surpluses of fish or grain or garden plants or meats helped create powerful, tiered societies here but not there. Some cultures had endured for millennia...’

(i) Who were natives ?
Answer:
‘Natives’ mean the persons born in the place. He/She live in that place. This term was used to describe the Europeans who were the inhabitants of countries, they has colonised. This term was used in 20th century.

(ii) By whom is this passage composed ?
Answer:
This passage is written by/composed by William Macleish.

(iii) Which values does it depict ? 
Answer:
It depicts the following values :
(a) Cultural aspects.
(b) Social values.
(c) Economic aspects and means of livelihood.

2. Read the given passage and answer the questions which follow :

Different terms are used in English for the native peoples of the ‘New World’. Aborigine-native people of Australia (in Latin, ab = from, origine = the beginning). Aboriginal-objective, often misused as a noun American Indian/Amerind/Amerindian- native peoples of North and South America and the Caribbean.

First Nations peoples-the organised native groups recognised by the Canadian government (the Indians Act of 1876 used the term ‘bands’ but from the 1980s the word ‘nations’ is used) indigenous people-people belonging naturally to a place. Native American-the indigenous people of the Americas (this is the term now commonly usedO. ‘Red Indian’-the brown-complexioned people whose land Columbus mistook for India.

(i) For whom different terms are used in English ?
Answer:
For the ‘native people’s’ of the ‘New World’, different terms are used in English.

(ii) Which term is used to describe native people of Australia ?
Answer:
The term ‘Aborigine’ is used to describe the native people of Australia. It is a term/world which means - ‘from the beginning’.

(iii) Who were Red Indians ?
Answer:
The aborigine people of America, who were often mistaken by Columbus as Indians are described as ‘Red Indians’.

(iv) Who were native of America ?
Answer:
The indigenous people of the America is termed as native Americans. This term is now commonly in use.

3. Read the given passage and answer the questions given below :

So, when the Great Chief in Washington sends word that he wishes to buy our land, he asks much of us. The Great Chief sends word that he will reserve us a place so that we can live comfortably. He will be our father and we will be his children. So we will consider your offer to buy our land. But it will not be easy.

For this land is sacred to us. The shining water that moves in the streams and rivers is not just water but the blood of our ancestors. If we sell you land, you must remember that it is sacred and you must teach your children that it is sacred and that each ghostly reflection in the clear water of the lakes tells of events and memories in the life of my people. The water’s murmur is the voice of my father’s father.

Questions :
(i) Who is the great Chief ?
Answer:
Thomas Jefferson is the great Chief.

(ii) What word has been sent by great Chief?
Answer:
The great chief sends words that he wishes to buy the lands owned by the native people. He hopes that they will reserve a place for people from outside so that they could comfortably. Finally, he expresses that the native people will treat them like children.

(iii) Why are the natives attached to their land and its resources ?
Answer:
The land is sacred for the natives. They treat water that moves in the streams and rivers as the blood of their ancestors. Therefore they are very attached to their land and its resources.

4. Read the given passage and answer the questions which follow : 

‘Kathy my sister with the torn heart,
I don’t know how to thank you
For your dreamtime stories of joy and grief
Written on paperbark.
You were one of the dark children 
I wasn’t allowed to play with 
Riverbank campers, the wrong colour (I couldn’t turn you white).
So, it was late I met you,
Late I began to know 
They hadn’t told me the land 
I loved Was taken out of your hands.

Questions :

(i) Judith Wright wants to thank Kathy for what ?
Answer:
Judith Wright wants to thank Kathy for her dream time stories of joy and grief.

(ii) Why wasn’t Judith allowed to play with Kathy ?
Answer:
Judith was not allowed to play with Kathy because he was of dark colour. It means he was native.

(iii) What did the writer come to know late ?
Answer:
The writer come to know late that the land he loved was taken out of his hold.

(iv) Why did the Australian government refer to Australia’s land as terra nullius ?
Answer:
Because it meant that it belonged to none move. 

Map Questions

Question 1.
On the map of North America mark and locate the extent of the USA. 
Answer:

Question 2. 
On the Map of Australia mark and locate the following 
(i) Darwin, (ii) Perth, (iii) Adelaide, (iv) Melbourne, (v) Canberra, (vi) Sydney, (vii) New South Wales, (viii) Tasmania.
Answer:

Choose the Correct Option:

Question 1. 
The original inhabitants of North America came from Asia through Bering strait in about .......
(a) 30,000 years ago
(b) 11,000 years ago
(c) 50,000 years ago
(d) 5,000 year ago 
Answer:
(a) 30,000 years ago.

Question 2. 
In case of mutual agreement between the tribes, a special type called ......... was exchanged.
(a) Red Belt    
(b) Black Belt
(c) Wampum Belt 
(d) Leather Belt 
Answer:
(c) Wampum Belt.

Question 3. 
In the ............. of the continent of North America are located great plains, lakes, valley of Mississippi and Ohio and the Appalachian mountains.
(a) West    
(b) East
(c) North    
(d) South
Answer:
(b) East.

Question 4. 
Which is the most important industry in Canada ?
(a) Agriculture
(b) Mining
(c) Fishing.
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Fishing.

Question 5. 
Who discovered America ?
(a) Martin Luther
(b) Christopher Columbus
(c) Francis Gamier 
(d) Thomas Mcmillan
Answer:
(b) Christopher Columbus.

Question 6. 
When was USA discovered ?
(a) 1592    
(b) 1602
(c) 1672    
(d) 1492
Answer:
(d) 1492.

Question 7. 
How many colonies had Britain in USA?
(a) 13    
(6) 16
(c) 23    
(d) 48
Answer:
(a) 13.

Question 8. 
Who among the following reached Newfoundland in 1497 ?
(a) John Charles
(b) John Khambey
(c) John Cabot
(d) John Dickens 
Answer:
(c) John Cabot. 

Question 9. 
When was Plymouth (Massa- chussets) discovered ?
(a) 1497    
(b) 1627
(c) 1620    
(d) 1427
Answer:
(c) 1620.

Question 10.
When did French acquire Quebec as their colony ?
(a) 1609    
(b) 1620
(c) 1809    
(d) 1608
Answer:
(d) 1608.

Question 11. 
Where was War of Independence fought?
(a) America    
(b) Britain
(c) Russia    
(d) France
Answer:
(a) America.

Question 12. 
The War of Independence which began in 1776 came to an end with the defeat of    .............
(a) Britain    
(b) French
(c) Russians    
(d) Americans
Answer:
(a) Britain.

Question 13. 
When was barbed wire discovered?
(a) 1863    
(b) 1853
(c) 1873    
(d) 1883
Answer:
(c) 1873.

Question 14. 
When was slavery legally abolished in America ?
(a) 1861    
(b) 1865
(c) 1867    
(d) 1876
Answer:
(b) 1865.

Question 15. 
Where was gold found in 1849 in America ?
(a) California    
(b) Newjercy
(c) Alaska
(d) Hawai
Answer:
(a) California.

Question 16. 
Who discovered the continent of Australia ?
(a) William Jansz
(b) James Cook
(c) A.J. Tasman
(d) Thomas Jansz 
Answer:
(a) William Jansz.

Question 17. 
Who named Australia the ‘Botany Bay’ in 1770?
(a) James William 
(b) James Cook
(c) A.J. Tasman
(d) Gurudas Khambey 
Answer:
(b) James Cook.

Question 18. 
It laid the foundation for the 'osperity' of Australia ?
(a) Fishing Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Mining Industry 
(d) None of them
Answer:
(c) Mining Industry.

Question 19. 
What is the meaning of ‘Kanberra'?
(а) A meeting place
(b) A birth place
(c) A native origin
(d) Origin based on the social categories
Answer:
(a) A meeting place.

Question 20. 
When was Canberra named Australian capital ?
(a) 1903    
(b) 1907
(c) 1911    
(d) 1931
Answer:
(c) 1911