RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration
These comprehensive RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration will give a brief overview of all the concepts.
RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 22 Notes Chemical Coordination and Integration
→ Hormones are 1st chemical messangers of the body that provide chemical coordination.
→ Endocrine glands are some specialised cells/tissues secrete hormones.
→ Hormone means to exite. These are non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messangers and are produced in traces.
→ Endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands. These glands are also called ductless glands.
→ Hypothalamus: It produces releasing and inhibitory hormones that controls the functioning of pituitary gland.
→ Pituitary gland (master gland) is located in a bony structure in skull and is connected to hypothalamus by a stalk. This gland has three portions
- pars distalis,
- pars intermedia and
- pars nervosa.
→ Each portion of pituitary secretes hormones. Pars distalis secretes 6, pars intermedia secretes 01 and pars nervosa secretes 2 hormones respectively.
→ Pineal gland produces melatonin that regulates 24 hour rhythm of the body.
→ Thyroid gland secretions control and regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR), CNS, formation of mature cells, carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, menstrual cycle etc,
→ Parathyroid glands produce PTH that increases the Ca2+ and play important role in homeostasis.
→ Thymus gland produces thymosin that helps in differentiation of lymphocytes and synthesis of antibodies. It develops the immunity system of body.
→ Adrenal gland secretes: Epinephrine and nor epinephrine.
→ Adrenal cortex of adrenal gland produces: cortisol and eldosterone.
→ Pancreas is a mixed gland. It secretes insulin and glucagon.
→ Testis is a pair of gonads in male human and secretes testosterone. It induces secondary sexual characters in male during puberty.
→ Ovary is a pair of gonads in female human and secrete estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for maintenance of pregnancy and lactation.
→ Neuroendocrinology: Study of nervous and endrocrine system.
→ Endocrine glands: Glands that secrete/release their secretion directly into the blood stream. e.g., pituitary gland, thyroid gland.
→ Exocrine glands: Glands that secrete/release their secretions through the ducts.
→ Mixed glands: Glands that are endocrine and exocrine in nature e.g., pancreas.
→ Hormone: The chemical catalyst/messenger.
→ Acromegaly: The disorder caused in adults due to excess secretion of GH at youth age.
→ Kyphosis: Bent back bone, or disorder.
→ Cretinism: Stunted growth due to hyposecretion of GH.
→ Goitre: Swelling of the thyroid gland due to hyposecretion of thyroid glands.
→ Exophthalmic goitre: Hyper secretion of thyroid glands, the building of eye balls.
→ Hypoglycemia: The low level of glucose in the blood.
→ Diabetes Mellitus: The disorder due to increase in glucose level in blood due to hyposecretion of insulin.
→ Adrenal virilism: Male like characters/features in female human due to excess of androgen.
