RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration

These comprehensive RBSE Class 11 Biology Notes Chapter 22 Chemical Coordination and Integration will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 11 Biology Chapter 22 Notes Chemical Coordination and Integration

→ Hormones are 1st chemical messangers of the body that provide chemical coordination.

→ Endocrine glands are some specialised cells/tissues secrete hormones.

→ Hormone means to exite. These are non-nutrient chemicals which acts as intercellular messangers and are produced in traces.

→ Endocrine system is made up of endocrine glands. These glands are also called ductless glands.

→ Hypothalamus: It produces releasing and inhibitory hormones that controls the functioning of pituitary gland.

→ Pituitary gland (master gland) is located in a bony structure in skull and is connected to hypothalamus by a stalk. This gland has three portions

1. pars distalis,
2. pars intermedia and
3. pars nervosa.

→ Each portion of pituitary secretes hormones. Pars distalis secretes 6, pars intermedia secretes 01 and pars nervosa secretes 2 hormones respectively.

→ Pineal gland produces melatonin that regulates 24 hour rhythm of the body.

→ Thyroid gland secretions control and regulate the basal metabolic rate (BMR), CNS, formation of mature cells, carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, menstrual cycle etc, 

→ Parathyroid glands produce PTH that increases the Ca²⁺ and play important role in homeostasis.

→ Thymus gland produces thymosin that helps in differentiation of lymphocytes and synthesis of antibodies. It develops the immunity system of body.

→ Adrenal gland secretes: Epinephrine and nor epinephrine.

→ Adrenal cortex of adrenal gland produces: cortisol and eldosterone.

→ Pancreas is a mixed gland. It secretes insulin and glucagon.

→ Testis is a pair of gonads in male human and secretes testosterone. It induces secondary sexual characters in male during puberty.

→ Ovary is a pair of gonads in female human and secrete estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone is responsible for maintenance of pregnancy and lactation.

→ Neuroendocrinology:    Study of nervous and endrocrine system.

→ Endocrine glands: Glands that secrete/release their secretion directly into the blood stream. e.g., pituitary gland, thyroid gland.

→ Exocrine glands: Glands that secrete/release their secretions through the ducts.

→ Mixed glands: Glands that are endocrine and exocrine in nature e.g., pancreas.

→ Hormone: The chemical catalyst/messenger.

→ Acromegaly: The disorder caused in adults due to excess secretion of GH at youth age.

→ Kyphosis: Bent back bone, or disorder.

→ Cretinism: Stunted growth due to hyposecretion of GH.

→ Goitre: Swelling of the thyroid gland due to hyposecretion of thyroid glands.

→ Exophthalmic goitre: Hyper secretion of thyroid glands, the building of eye balls.

→ Hypoglycemia: The low level of glucose in the blood.

→ Diabetes Mellitus: The disorder due to increase in glucose level in blood due to hyposecretion of insulin.

→ Adrenal virilism: Male like characters/features in female human due to excess of androgen.