RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste Important Questions and Answers. 

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Important Questions Civics Chapter 4 Gender Religion and Caste

Objective Type Questions

Question 1. 
A feminist is a man or a woman who believes in-
(a) Joint rights of men and women 
(b) Separate rights of men and women 
(c) Equal rights of men and women
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(c) Equal rights of men and women

Question 2. 
In which of the following countries the participation of women in public life is very high-
(a) In European countries 
(b) In Scandinavian countries 
(c) In Asian countries
(d) In African countries 
Answer:
(b) In Scandinavian countries 

Question 3. 
In which of the following countries the participation of women in public life is very less-
(a) India
(b) Sweden 
(c) Norway
(d) America 
Answer:
(a) India

Question 4. 
How can the problem of women's less representation be solved in political field? 
(a) To give facilities in education 
(b) To provide reservation 
(c) To create awareness in women
(d) None of the above 
Answer:
(b) To provide reservation

Question 5. 
Religion can never be separated from politics thy statement is of-
(a) Mahatma Gandhi 
(b) Subhash Chandra Bose 
(c) J.L. Nehru
(d) Karl Marx 
Answer:
(a) Mahatma Gandhi 

Question 6. 
Indian society is-
(a) Matriarchal 
(b) Child oriented 
(c) Patriarchal
(d) Maternal ancestral 
Answer:
(c) Patriarchal

Question 7. 
What was the percentage of women MPs in Lok Sabha in the year 2019 ? 
(a) 5 percent 
(b) 8.4 percent
(c) 10.6 percent 
(d) 14.36 percent 
Answer:
(d) 14.36 percent

Question 8. 
How many posts have been reserved for women in local government ?
(a) One-fourth 
(b) One-third 
(c) Half
(d) Two-third 
Answer:
(b) One-third 

Question 9. 
Which problem begins when religion is seen as the basis of the nation ? 
(a) Communalism 
(b) Racial discrimination 
(c) Gender incquality
(d) Regionalism 
Answer:
(a) Communalism 

Question 10. 
Which of the following social reformers talked about creating a society free from caste discrimination ? 
(a) Periyar Ramaswami Naicker
(b) Dr. B. R. Amedkar 
(c) Mahatma Gandhi 
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Fill in the blanks 

1. There has been some improvement in the situation of women since ............. in India. 
2. A communal mind often leads to a quest for ............ of one's own religious community. 
3. India and Pakistan suffered some of the worst .................... riots at the time of the Partition. 
4. Unlike gender and religion, ............. division is special to India. 
5. Politics based on .............. identity alone is not very healthy in a democracy.
Answers:
1. independence
2. political dominance
3. communal
4. caste
5. caste

Very Short Answer Type Questions 

Question 1. 
What is the base of gender inequality?
Answer:
The base of gender inequality is stereotypes and social expectations.

Question 2. 
'The main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children.' Which division does this statement show ?
Answer:
This statement shows "Sexual Division of labour.

Question 3. 
A woman or a man who believes in equal rights and opportunities for women and men are called......... ?
Answer:
Feminist.

Question 4. 
What was the sex ratio of the country in 2011 ?
Answer:
The sex ratio of the country in 2011 was 943.

Question 5. 
Which common form of social inequality is seen everywhere ?
Answer:
Gender inequality.

Question 6. 
What do you mean by sexual division of labour ?
Answer:
A system in which women do all work inside the home and men do all the work outside the home.

Question 7. 
What do you mean by Feminist movement?
Answer:
More radical women's movement aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called Feminist movement.

Question 8. 
Why are women still lag much behind from men?
Answer:
Women are still lag much behind from men because ours is a male dominated, patriarchal society.

Question 9. 
What is patriarchal society?
Answer:
Patriarchal society is that values men more and gives them power over women.

Question 10. 
What do you mean by Urbanisation?
Answer:
When rural people migrate in cities is known as 'Urbanisation’. 

Question 11. 
What is sex ratio?
Answer:
The number of girls per 1000 boys is called sex ratio. For example, the sex ratio of India in 2011 was 943.

Question 12. 
What is meant by family laws?
Answer:
Those laws that deal with family related matters such as marriage, divorce, adoption, inheritance etc. are called family laws.

Question 13. 
What is meant by communal politics?
Answer:
When one religion is presented superior in politics compare to other religions known as communal politics.

Question 14. 
In which countries of the world women's participation in public life is high?
Answer:
In Sweden, Norway and Finland.

Question 15. 
Write any two effects of casteism on society?
Answer:

1. Casteism weakens the national unity.
2. Casteism creates hurdles in the development of secular state.

Question 16. 
Write the name of two social, reformers who fought against of caste discrimination?
Answer:

1. Jyotiba Phule
2. E.V. Ramaswami Periyar.

Question 17. 
How is politics affected by caste in India?
Answer:

• Selection of candidates by political parties on the basis of caste.
• Representation is given to different caste people by the government.

Question 18. 
In India other factors are too responsible in election besides, caste. Write two factors.
Answer:

• The voters have strong attachment to political parties rather than caste or community.
• Rich and poor of the same caste often vote very differently.

Question 19. 
What is occupational mobility?
Answer:
When a new generation takes up occupations other than those practised by their ancestors is known as occupational mobility.

Question 20. 
What is caste hierarchy?
Answer:
A ladder like formation in which all the caste groups are placed from the ‘highest' to the 'lowest' castes.

Question 21. 
What resulted in the division of labour ?
Answer:
Due to this, the women confined in the walls of the house and the public life outside came in the possession of men.

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-I)

Question 1. 
What do you mean by gender inequality? Explain with example.
Answer:
Gender inequality is based on social expectations and stereotypes. For example the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children and men do all the work outside the home.

Question 2. 
Why are women not given value for their work?
Answer:
Women do domestic work but they do not get money for that, while men do the same work outside and earn money. But women's work is not valued and does not get recognition.

Question 3. 
What is feminist movement?
Answer:
Women group demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities. Women's movements aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called feminist movements.

Question 4. 
What are the effects on women of the political expression of gender division and political mobilisation in public life ?
Answer:
Political expression of gender division and political mobilisation helped to improve women's role in public life. We now find women working as scientists, doctors, engineers, lawyers, managers and college and university teachers which were earlier not considered suitable for women.

Question 5. 
What is the need to give political form to some social divisions?
Answer:
Social division needs to be expressed in politics. This shows that disadvantaged groups do benefit when social divisions become a political issue. For example, women would not have made the gains if their unequal treatment was not raised in the political domain.

Question 6. 
What are the views of Gandhiji about of religion and politics?
Answer:
Gandhiji used to say that religion can never be separated from politics. What he meant by religion was not any particular religion but moral values that inform all religions. He believed that politics must be guided by ethics drawn from religion.

Question 7. 
What is meant by communalism?
Answer:
Communalism is a situation when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions. With this mentality either one of them has to dominate the rest or they have to form different nations.

Question 8. 
What do you mean by secular state?
Answer:
Secular state is that does not have its own official religion and people are free to follow any religion. There is no discrimination on grounds of religion.

Question 9. 
What is communal politics?
Answer:
Meaning of communal politics is when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive, and partisan terms. When one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This happens when beliefs of one religion are presented as superior to those of other religions. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics

Question 10. 
Describe the form of caste inequality.
Answer:
In caste inequality members of the same caste group or occupation are supposed to form a social community. That practised the same or similar occupation, marriage within the caste group and do not cat with members from other caste groups.

Question 11. 
What is Casteism ?
Answer:
Casteism is rooted in the belief that caste is the sole basis of social community. According to this way of thinking, people belonging to the same caste belong to a natural social community and have the same interests which they do not share with anyone from another caste.

Short Answer Type Questions (Type-II)

Question 1. 
Highlight the contribution of urbanisation in social equality?
Answer:
Contribution of urbanisation in the establishment of social equality can not be neglected-
1. Now, most of the times, in urban areas it does not matter much who is walking along next to us on a street or eating at the next table in restaurant. The constitution of India prohibited any caste based discrimination and laid the foundations of policies to reverse the injustices of the caste system.

2. If a person who lived a century ago were to return to India, she would be grçatly surprised at the change that has come about in the country. Urbanisation has reduced caste system at some extent.

3. People have equality to get education in urban areas. People of all religions and caste, are getting education sitting together without any discrimination. Although backward class people are lagged behind in getting higher education, but its main reason is economic inequality not social inequality

Question 2. 
Clarify that caste still plays an important role in determining economic status.
Answer:
Caste still plays an important role in determining economic status-

• Economic status is still deeply connected with caste system, because upper caste people have good economic condition, scheduled caste and scheduled tribe people have worst economic condition, while other backward people have middle economic status.
• People who live below poverty line are mainly from lower caste. Upper caste people have low poverty and backward class people have middle economic status.
• There are rich people in all castes but the proportion of economic status is high in upper castes.

Question 3. 
How can caste be politicised? Explain.
Answer:
Caste gets politicised in different forms-

• Each caste group tries to become bigger by incorporating within it neighbouring castes or sub-castes which were earlier excluded from it.
• Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation.
• New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like 'backward' and ‘forward' caste group.

Thus caste plays different kind of roles in politics.

Question 4. 
What is the contribution of feminist to solve the problem of gender inequality in India?
Answer:
Due to male dominated, patriarchal society in India women are not valued and do not get recognition. This has led many feminists and women's movements to the conclusion that unless women control power, their problems will not get adequate attention. One way to ensure this is to have more women as elected representatives.

Women's organisations and activists have been demanding a similar reservation of at least one-third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State assemblies for women.

Question 6. 
What do you understand by Scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe.
Answer:
Scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe are two distinct groups in India. Both these broad groups include hundreds of castes or tribes whose names are listed in an official Schedule. Hence the prefix Scheduled in their name.

Scheduled Castes- The Scheduled Castes, commonly known as Dalits, include those that were previously regarde as 'outcaste' in the Hindu social order and were subjected to exclusion and untouchability.

Sheduled Tribes- The Scheduled Tribes, often referred to as Adivasis, include those communities that led a secluded life usually in hills and forests and did not interact much with the rest of society.

In 2011, the Scheduled Castes were 16.6 percent and the Scheduled Tribes were 8.6 percent of the country's population. 

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
What efforts have been made for giving political representation to women in India? Explain.
Answer:
In India women have less representation in politics. The following efforts have been made to give them political representation-
1. Some constitutional arrangements have been made in accordance with Panchayati Raj in India. It means one-third seats have been reserved for women in Panchayati raj and municipalities. Now presently number of elected women has been increased more than 10 lac in rural and urban bodies.

2. Women organisations and activists have been demanding to one-third seats in Lok Sabha and legislative assemblies for women.

3. A bill with this proposal has been pending before the parliament for more than a decade but there is no consensus over this among all the political parties. The bill has not been passed.

Question 2.
What arrangements have been made in the constitution of India for secular rule?
Answer:
Our constitution makers chose the model of a secular state. Many arrangements have been made in the constitution-
1. No Official Religion- There is no official religion for the Indian state. Unlike the status of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, that of Islam in Pakistan and that of Christianity in England, our constitution does not give a special status to any religion.

2. Freedom to follow any Religion- The constitution provides to all individuals and communities freedom to profess, practise and propagate any religion or not to follow any.

3. Prohibition of Religious Discrimination- The constitution prohibits discrimination on the grounds of religion.

4. Permission to intervene in the Matters of Religion- The constitution allows the state to intervene in the matters of religion in order to ensure equality within religious communities. For example, it bans untouchability.

Question 3. 
What do you mean by casteism? Describe the different forms of caste in politics.
Or 
Explain the role of 'Caste' in politics of India.
Answer:
Meaning of Casteism- Casteism is based on this ideology that caste is the only basis of social community. Same caste groups have same interests, they do not match with other castes groups. 

Different Forms of Castes in Politics:
1. Selection of Candidates According to Number of Castes- When parties choose candidates in elections, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections

2. To Give Representation to Castes in Organisation of Government- When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.

3. Try to Appeal Caste Sentiments to Muster Support- Political parties and candidates in elections make appeals to caste sentiment to muster support.

4. Rising of Political Awareness in Lower Castes- Universal adult franchise and the principle of one-person one-vote compelled political leaders to gear up to the task of mobilising and securing political support. It also brought new consciousness among the people of castes that were treated as inferior and low.

Question 4. 
There is 'caste in politics' and 'politics in caste' in India. Do you agree with this statement? Give two reasons for each.
Answer:
Caste in Politics- Caste can take various forms in politics-
1. Selection of Candidates According to Number of Castes- When political parties select the name of candidates for election, they keep in mind the caste composition of the electorate and nominate candidates from different castes so as to muster necessary support to win elections.

2. Political Representation Given to Caste in Organisation of Government- When governments are formed, political parties usually take care that representatives of different castes and tribes find a place in it.

Politics in Caste- Politics too influences the caste system and caste identities by bringing them into the political arena. It is not politics that gets caste ridden, it is the caste that gets politicised.

This takes several forms-

• Various caste groups are required to enter into a coalition with other castes or communities and thus enter into a dialogue and negotiation.
• New kinds of caste groups have come up in the political arena like 'backward' and ‘forward' caste groups.

Question 5. 
What do you mean by sexual division of labour? Explain sexual division of labour in India.
Answer:
Meaning of Sexual Division of labour- In most families a women do all work inside the home and men do all the work outside the home.
Sexual Division of Labour in India Sexual division of labour in India can be seen in following ways-

(i) Women do all work inside the home such as cooking, cleaning, washing clothes, tailoring, looking after children, etc. But this work is considered unproductive and not included in national income.
(ii) Women get less wages in comparison to men.
(iii) Majority of women do some sort of paid work in addition to domestic labour. But their work is not valued and does not get recognition.
(iv) The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.
(v) The proportion of women in legislature has been very low.

Question 6. 
Highlight the impact of communalism in democratic politics.
Or
Describe the concept of communalism. What are the forms of its expression in Indian politics?
Answer:
Concept of Communalism- The problem of Communalism begins when religion is seen as the basis of the nation. The problem becomes more acute when religion is expressed in politics in exclusive and partisan terms, when one religion and its followers are pitted against another. This manner of using religion in politics is communal politics.

Form of communalism expression in Indian politics or effect of communalism in democratic politics-
1. Religious Prejudice- The most common expression of communalism is in everyday beliefs. These routinely involve religious prejudices, stereotypes of religious communities and belief in the superiority of one's religion over other religions.

2. Majoritarianism- A communal mind often leads to a quest for political dominance of one's own religious community. This takes the form of majoritarian dominance.

3. Political Mobilisation on the Basis of communalism- Political mobilisation on religious lines is another frequent form of communalism. This involves the use of sacred symbols, religious leaders, emotional appeal and plain fear in order to bring the followers of one religion together in the political arena.

4. Communal Riots- Sometimes communalism takes its most ugly form of communal violence, riots and massacre.

Question 7. 
Explain feminist movement and throw light on the political representation of women in India?
Answer:
Feminist Movement- Women's movement demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities. They aimed at equality in personal and family life as well. These movements are called feminist movements.

Political Representation of Women in India:

• In India the proportion of women in legislature has been very low.
• The percentage of elected women members in Lok Sabha has never reached even 10% of its total strength. Their share in the state assemblies is less than 5%.
• Women's organisations and activists have been demanding reservation of at least one third of seats in the Lok Sabha and State assemblies for women.
• One-third of seats in local government bodies in Panchayats and Municipalities are now reserved for women.

Question 8. 
Clarify the gender discrimination in India.
Answer:
Gender Inequality in India:
Gender inequality is not based on biology but on social expectations and stereotypes.
Gender inequality in India can be described in following way-
1. Sexual Division of Labour- Boys and girls are brought up to believe that the main responsibility of women is housework and bringing up children. This is reflected in a sexual division of labour in most families. Women do all work inside the home and men do all the work outside the home. In villages, women fetch water, collect fuel and work in the field. To reduce gender inequality, women in different parts of the world organised and agitated for equal rights. These agitations demanded enhancing the political and legal status of women and improving their educational and career opportunities.

2. Male Dominated Patriarchal Society- In our country, women still lag much behind from men despite' some improvement since independence. Ours is still a male dominated, patriarchal society. Women face disadvantage, discrimination and oppression in various ways

• The literacy rate among women is only 54% compared with 76% among men.
• The proportion of women among the highly paid and valued jobs is still very small.
• Parents prefer to have sons and find ways to have the girl child aborted before she is born.
• The proportion of women in legislature has been very low. This shows gender inequality.