RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory the company Establishes power

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory the company  Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Solutions History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory the company

RBSE Class 8 Social Science From Trade to Territory the company InText Questions and Answers

Activity (Page-18)

Question 1.
Imagine that you have come across two old newspapers reporting on the battle of Seringapatam and the death of Tipu Sultan. One is a British paper and the other is from Mysore. Write the headline for each of the two newspaper.
Answer:

1. Headline for British newspaper.
   “Tipu Sultan killed-Company flashed success”.
2. Headline for Mysore newspaper.
   “Tiger of Mysore-Tipu Sultan killed”.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science From Trade to Territory the Company Establishes Power Textbook Questions and Answers

Let’s Recall

Question  1. 
Match the following- 

• Diwani - Tipu Sultan
• “Tiger of Mysore” - right to collect land revenue
• Faujdari adalat -Sepoy
• Rani Channamma- criminal court
• Sipahi - led an anti-British movement in Kitoor 

Answer:

• Diwani - right to collect land revenue 
• “Tiger of Mysore” - Tipu Sultan 
• Faujdari adalat - criminal court 
• Rani Channamma - led an anti-British movement in Kitoor 
• Sipahi - Sepoy

Question  2.
Fill in the blanks-
(a) The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of 
(b) Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulersof 
(c) Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of
(d) Maratha kingdoms were located in the part of India.
Answer:
(a) Plassey
(b) Mysore
(c) Lapse 
(d) South-Western.

Question 3.
State whether True or False-
(a) The Mughal empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.
(b) The English East India Company was the only European company that traded with India.
(c) Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d) The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.
Answer:
(a) False 
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False.

Let’s Discuss

Question 4. 
What' attracted European trading companies to India?
Answer:
European companies see huge opportunities to do business with India. The fine qualities of cotton arid silk produced in India has a big market in Europe. Pepper, cloves, cardamon and. cinnamon too were in great demand. They could buy these things at cheaper price in India and go back to Europe and sell them at higher prices. Because of this business possibility, they were attracted towards India.
 
Question 5. 
What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company?
Answer: 
The areas of conflict between the Bengal nawabs and the East India Company are as follows-
I. The demands and allegations of the Nawabs of Bengal-

1. Tire nawabs refused to grant the company concessions.
2. They demanded an eyewitness to give trading rights to the company.
3. They refused to give the company the right to mint the coin and prevent the fortification from expanding.
4. The nawabs accused the company for not paying tax as well as writing disrespectful letters.

II. Charges on nawabs by the company-

1. The unjust demands of the local officials were ruining the trade of the company.
2. The company had to pay excessive tax.
3. The company did not have the permission to enlarge its settlements and rebuild its forts.

Question 6.
How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?
Answer:
 In 1765, the East India Company got the Diwani of Bengal. After getting the Diwani the East India Company was benefited in the following ways-

1. The Diwani allowed the company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal.
2. Now the company did not have to import gold and silver from Britain to buy things in India.
3. From the revenues of Bengal, the company could purchase the cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain company troops and meet the cost of building the company fort and offices at Calcutta.

Question 7. 
Explain the system of “Subsidiary alliance”.
Answer:
Subsidiary alliance system was implemented by the company with the aim of increasing the control over the princely states. The main conditions of the subsidiary alliance system were as follows-

1. The Indian rulers who adopted the subsidiary alliance system had to have an English officer in their court who was called a Resident.
2. The Indian rulers who adopted the subsidiary alliance, were not allowed to have their independent armed forces.
3. These rulers were to be protected by the Company, but had to pay for the ‘subsidiary forces’ that the Company was supposed to maintain for the purpose of this protection.
4. If the Indian rulers failed to make the payment, then part of their territory was taken away as penalty.

Question 8.
In what way was the administration of the company different from that of Indian rulers?
Answer: 
(1) The administration of the company was very different from the rule of the Indian kings. Although the Indian kings also divided their kingdom into various administrative and revenue units. But these units were not as effective as the British administrative and revenue units. The British created a new administrative unit in the form of Presidencies, which was headed by the Governor. The supreme head of the administration was the Governor-General.

(2) Considerable improvements were made in the revenue and police department by the company.

(3) The judicial system was not effective under the Indian kings. Both civil and criminal cases were heard by the same court. The company established a modem and developed judicial system. Under the Regulating Act of 1773, a new Supreme Court was established. Separate civil and criminal courts were established in each district.

(4) Earlier Brahmin pandits gave different interpretation of local laws based on different schools of the dharmashastra. To bring about uniformity, in 1775 eleven pandits were asked to compile a digest of Hindu law. Similarly, a code of Muslim laws was also compiled. This eliminated differences in the interpretation of laws.

(5) There was administrative uniformity in the governance of the company.

Question 9.
Describe the changes that occured in the composition of the company’s army. 
Answer:
The changes that occurred in the composition of the company’s army are as follows-

1. The company started recruiting for the army and gave them professional military training.
2. Due to changing techniques of war, the need for cavalry in the army became less and the infantry became important.
3. The soldiers were equipped with modem weapons-muskets and match locks.
4. Soldiers were increasing subjected to European-style training, drill and discipline that regulated their life far more than before.
5. Company continues to build an army of professional soldiers but due to this, often caste and community feelings were ignored.