RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 12 Biology Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 12 Biology Solutions Chapter 9 Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production

RBSE Class 12 Biology Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1. 
Explain in brief the role of animal husbandry in human walfare.
Answer:
Rearing and management of domesticated animals is called animal husbandry, Animal husbandry plays a major role in the human welfare in the following ways:

1. It increases food production and caters to the increasing food demand.
2. It provides various animal products like milk, eggs, meat, wool, silk, leather, honey etc., used by the humans.
3. On the commercial aspects, it also fetches a lot of money from export of the animal products. 
4. Demand for aquatic foods especially fish and fish products has also been met by animal husbandry practices.

Question 2. 
If your family owned a dairy farm, what measures would you undertake to improve the quality and quantity of milk production?
Answer:
Following measures should be undertaken for improving the quality and quantity of milk production.

1. Selection of good breed of cattle.
2. Proper nutrition of animals.
3. Living place of animals should be clean, hygienic and free from dirt and pollution.
4. Animals should be under the supervision of a veterinary doctor to look after their health and hygiene regularly and periodically.
5. Milking men and milking pots and other utensils used in dairy farm should be kept properly clean.
6. The udder and teats of the cattle should be properly washed before and after milking.

Question 3. 
What is meant by the term ‘breed’? What are the objectives of animal breeding?
Answer:
Breed refers to a group of animals within a species that exhibit same ancestral characters like size, physique etc. The main objectives of animal breeding is to increase the yield of animals and improving desirable qualities of animal produce such as milk, meat, eggs and wool etc.

Question 4. 
Name the niethods employed in animal breeding. According to you which of the method is the best? Why?
Answer:
Two types of method are employed in animal breeding. These are:
(a) Natural Method: These include: 

• Inbreeding and 
• Outbreeding.

(b) Artificial Method: These methods include the artificial insemination and new techniques such as Multiple Ovule Embryo Transfer (MOET), Super ovulation and Embryo transfer and cryopreservation. Artificial insemination method of animal breeding are the best because it is economical and has a number of advantages:

• Upto 300 cows from distance places can be inseminated by semen of a single bull.
• It ensures progeny of good quality.
• It avoids transportation of animals.

Question 5. 
What is apiculture? How is it important in our lives?
Answer:
Mass rearing of honey bees in the artificial hives for the production of honey at commercial level is called apiculture.
Apiculture is very important in our lives because it produces products of high economic and nutritive value:

• The main products of bee keeping is honey which is highly nutritious.
• Honey is used as a part of deshimedicines.
• Honey wax is used in cosmeties and polish industry. 
• Honey bees are chief pollinatores.

Question 6. 
Discuss the role of fishery in enhancement of food production.
Answer:
Fishery as an industry that plays a major role in enhancement of food production:    

• It has increased the production of fishes, fish products and other aquatic animals, thus meeting the food needs of many.
• It also helps in production of fishes and sea food which are rich in protein and have more nutritional value.

Question 7. 
Briefly describe yarious steps involved in plant breeding.
Answer:
The steps involved in plant breeding are as follows:

• Collection of genetic variation by various means.
• Selection. 
• Evolution and release as variety and
• Seed multiplication and distribution among farmers.

Question 8. 
Explain what is meant by biofortification.
Answer:
Biofortification is the process by which the nutritional quality of food crops is improved through agronomic practices, conventional plant breeding or modern biotechnology.

Question 9. 
Which part of the plant is best suited for making virus free plants and why?
Answer:
The apical and axillary meristem present in apical and axillary buds respectively are the best plant parts to make - virus free plants. This is because the rate of division of meristematic cells is higher than the rate of multiplication of virus and viruses are unable to invade newly formed meristematic cells.

Question 10. 
What is the major advantage of producing plants by micropropagation?
Answer:
Micropropagation is one of the methods of plant tissue culture. It is very useful as thousands of plants can be produced by this method in very short duration. Moreover each of these plant is genetically similar to the original plant from which explant was taken.

Question 11. 
Find out what the various components of the medium used for propagation of an explant in vitro are? 
Answer:
The various components of the medium used for propagation of explants in vitro are sources like sucrose, amino acids, vitamins, inorganic salts, agar - agar, water and certain growth hormones such as auxins and cytokinins.

Question 12. 
Name any five hybrid varieties of crop plants which have been developed in India.
Answer:

• Sonalika (Wheat).
• Jaya (Rice).
• Pusa Komal (Cow pea)
• Pusa Swarnim (Mustard)
• Shubra (Cauliflower).