RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

These comprehensive RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

Rajasthan Board RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Social Science in Hindi Medium & English Medium are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9. Students can also read RBSE Class 9 Social Science Important Questions for exam preparation. Students can also go through RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes to understand and remember the concepts easily. The india size and location important questions are curated with the aim of boosting confidence among students.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

→ Overview:
The problem of poverty in India is a formidable problem. A detailed study of the problem of poverty has been done in this chapter. Poverty prevails in both rural and urban areas in India and about 24 crore people are living a life of poverty in India. Therefore, poverty is a difficult challenge in front of India. Poverty in the general sense means that people do not get their basic needs, that is,,if people do not get sufficient amount of food, housing, clean water, health facilities etc., then they will be considered as poor.

→ Poverty as seen by social scientists:
There are many indicators of poverty from the point of view of social scientists. Currently poverty is looked through some other social indicators like illiteracy level, lack of general resistance due to malnutrition, lack of access to healthcare, lack of job opportunities, lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation etc.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

→ Poverty Line:
The concept of the poverty line is based on the income or consumption levels. A person is considered poor if his or her income or consumption level falls below a given minimum level. In India, a person who gets less than 2400 calories per day in rural areas and 2100 calories per day in urban areas is considered poor.

On the monetary basis of buying these calorie requirements for the year 2011-12, the poverty line for a person was fixed at Rs. 816 per month for rural areas and Rs 1000 for urban areas. Poverty related data in, India are collected by the National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO). Poverty Estimates: There is a substantial decline in poverty ratios in India from about 45 per cent in 1993-94 to 22 per cent in 2011-12. In 2004-05, 40.7 crore people were below the poverty line. This number decreased to 27 crores in the year 2011-12.

→ Vulnerable Groups:
The proportion of people below poverty line is also not same for all social groups and economic categories. In India, Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe households are the most vulnerable to poverty. Similarly, among the economic groups, the most vulnerable groups are the rural agricultural labour households and the urban casual labour households. However, their condition has improved slightly over the years; but this improvement is still insufficient.

→ Inter-State Disparities:
In India, considerable inequality is found in various states based on the poverty ratio. The problem of poverty is very serious in Madhya Pradesh, Assam, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Odisha. The percentage of poverty in some states in the country is quite low and there has been a decline in poverty at a rapid pace. 

→ Global Poverty Scenario:
Globally, there is considerable disparity in the ratio of poverty. In the past years, there has been a significant decrease in poverty in China and South-East Asia, while there has been a slow decline in poverty in many countries. The poverty ratio in Africa is quite high.

→ Causes of Poverty:
There are many reasons for the problem of poverty in India, which are as follows - exploitation by British colonial administration, high growth rate of population, loss of employment opportunities, unemployment, huge income inequalities, lack of land reforms, lack of land resources, socio-cultural and economic factors etc.

→ Anti-Poverty Measures:
In India, the government has made many efforts for the prevention of poverty, they can be divided into two parts -

  1. promotion of economic growth
  2. targeted anti- poverty programmes.

The government has promoted economic growth for the prevention of poverty so that employment opportunities can be increased. Apart from this, the government has started with several poverty alleviation programs; like- National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, Food grain scheme, Prime Minister Rozgar Yozana (PMRY), Rural Employment Generation Programme (REGP), Swamajayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY), Pradhan Mantri GramodayaYozana (PMGY), Antyodaya Anna Yozana (AAY) etc.

RBSE Class 9 Social Science Notes Economics Chapter 3 Poverty as a Challenge

→ The Challenges Ahead:
Poverty has certainly declined in India. But despite the progress, poverty reduction remains India’s most compelling challenge. Apart from this, there are challenges like providing health services, education and employment security to all and also gender equality and respect for the poor.

Prasanna
Last Updated on May 9, 2022, 11:30 a.m.
Published May 9, 2022