RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 6 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 6 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 8 Social Science Important Questions History Chapter 6 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. 
What did European traders call the finely knitted fabric?
(a) Bandanna 
(b) Chintz
(c) Muslin 
(d) Kosa 
Answer:
(c) Muslin 

Question 2. 
How many varieties of cotton and silk fabrics were mentioned in the order book of East India Company of 1730?
(a) 56 
(b) 20
(c) 103 
(d) 98 
Answer:
(d) 98 

Question 3. 
The spinning jenny was invented by
(a) John Kaye 
(b) Richard Arkwright
(c) James Watt 
(d) Charles Weld 
Answer:
(a) John Kaye 

Question 4. 
The first cotton mill established in India in
(a) 1846 
(b) 1854
(c) 1856 
(d) 1872 
Answer:
(b) 1854

Question 5. 
Tipu Sultan’s sword was made of
(a) Stainless Steel 
(b) Wootz Steel
(c) Scrap Steel 
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Wootz Steel

Question 6. 
TISCO started producing steel in
(a) 1912 
(b) 1914 
(c) 1904 
(d) 1920 
Answer:
(a) 1912 

Question 7. 
Which cloth is known as calico?
(a) Silk 
(b) Woolen
(c) Cotton 
(d) Terylene 
Answer:
(c) Cotton 

Question 8. 
Who invented the steam engine?
(a) Richard Arkwright 
(b) John Kaye
(c) James Watt 
(d) Edison
Answer:
(a) Richard Arkwright

Question 9. 
Name the scientist who spent four years studying the properties of Indian wootz.
(a) John Kaye 
(b) Einstein
(c) Galileo 
(d) Michael Faraday
Answer:
(d) Michael Faraday

Question 10. 
TISCO was established on the bank of which river?
(a) Ganga 
(b) Subamarekha
(c) Chambal 
(d) Mahanadi 
Answer:
(b) Subamarekha

Fill in the blanks

Question 1. 
In 1786, Richard Arkwright invented .....................
Answer:
steam engine 
 
Question 2. 
The ..................... weavers of Bengal are famous for weaving.
Answer:
tanti

Question 3
..................... hills has one of the finest ores in the world.
Answer:
Rajhara

Question 4
.....................  community was expert in making iron.
Answer:
 Arias 
 
Question 5
..................... was woven in Surat, Ahmedabad and Patna.
Answer:
Patola

Question 6. 
In the Persian language, a warehouse is known as .....................
Answer:
Aurang.

State True or False

Question 1.
Fabrics made in Britain were famous worldwide for their quality and fine workmanship for a long tin.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
In 1720, the British government enacted legislation banning the use of printed cotton textile-chintz-in England.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
For printed cloth, the weavers needed the help of specialist block printers known as cigars.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Tipu Sultan’s sword was made of British steel.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The Aravalli hills were one of the finest iron ore deposits in the world.
Answer:
False

Match Correctly

(a)	(b)
Calico	North India
Momin	Iron makers
Tanti	South India
Sale	Bengal
Agarias	Cotton cloth

Answer:

(a)	(b)
Calico	Cotton cloth
Momin	North India
Tanti	Bengal
Sale	South India
Agarias	Iron makers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Why were Indian clothes famous worldwide?
Answer:
Indian clothes were famous worldwide both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship.

Question 2. 
What do you understand by Calico? 
Answer:
Calico means cotton clothes.

Question 3. 
What was known as piece goods by European traders?
Answer:
Usually, woven cloth pieces that were 20 yards long and 1 yard wide are called piece goods by European traders.

Question 4. 
Write the names of the two most important centres of Jamdani weaving.
Answer:

1. Dacca in Bengal 
2. Lucknow in United Provinces.

Question 5. 
Which countries had a huge trade in Indian clothing?
Answer:
Indian clothes were extensively traded in Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra and Penang) and West and Central Asia.

Question 6. 
When was the first cotton textile mill started in Ahmedabad?
Answer:
The first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861.

Question 7. 
Who were the weavers?
Answer:
The artisans that specialised in weaving are called weavers.

Question 8. 
Which two towns emerged as important new centres of weaving in the late nineteenth century?
Answer:

1. Sholapur in Western India 
2. Madura in South India.

Question 9. 
Explain the word ‘Wootz’.
Answer:
Wootz is an anglicised version of the Kannada word ukku, Telgu hukku and Tamil and Malayalam murukku.

Question 10. 
What was the first condition of Jamsetji Tata to build a big iron and steel industry in India?
Answer:
He wanted that, at first, the source of fine quality iron ore should be identified.

Question 11. 
On the bank of which river, the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) was set up? 
Answer:
On the bank of Subamarekha river.

Question 12. 
Write the full name of TISCO.
Answer:
The full name of TISCO is - The Tata Iron and Steel Company.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
How did Britain come to be known as the “Workshop of the world”?
Answer:
In the modem world, the textile and iron and steel industries were very important from the point of view of the industrial revolution. The mechanised production of cotton textiles made Britain the foremost industrial nation in the nineteenth century. And when its iron and steel industry started growing in the 1850s. Britain came to be known as the “workshop of the world”.

Question 2. 
What is chintz? Explain its speciality?
Answer:

1. In India, a cloth with a small and colourful flowery design is called chintz.
2. It is special for its exquisite floral designs, fine texture and relative cheapness.

Question 3. 
What was the effect when Indian markets were flooded with British cotton clothes?
Answer:

1. India’s textile industry was badly affected. By tl|e 1880s two-thirds of all the cotton clothes worn by Indians were made of cloth produced in Britain.
2. Thousand of weavers and millions of spinning workers became unemployed due to reduced demand for Indian clothes.

Question 4. 
What type of clothing made from Indian handlooms was not reduced in demand?
OR
Which varieties of clothing cannot be made by machines?
Answer:

1. Saris with intricate borders or clothes with traditional woven patterns were not produced by machines. These had a wide demand not only amongst the rich but also amongst the middle classes.
2. Nor did the textile manufacturers in Britain produce very coarse cloths used by the poor people in India.

Question 5. 
How did khadi become a symbol of nationalism?
Answer:

1. During the national movement, Mahatma Gandhi urged people to boycott imported textiles and use hand-spun and hand-woven cloth.
2. The charkha came to represent India, and it was put at the centre of the tricolour flag of the Indian National Congress adopted in 1931.

Question 6. 
What do you know about spinning jenny?
Answer:
The spinning jenny was invented by John Kaye in 1764. It is a machine by which a single worker could operate several spindles on to which thread was spun. When the wheel was turned all the spindles rotated.

Question 7. 
Give two important reasons for the establishment of cotton mills in Bombay.
Answer:

1. It was close to the vast black soil tract of western India where cotton was grown. The mills could get supplies of raw material with ease.
2. From the early nineteenth century, Bombay had grown as an important port for the export of raw cotton from India to England and China. 

Question 8. 
What happened to the weavers and spinners who lost their livelihood?
Answer:

1. Many weavers became agricultural labourers.
2. Some migrated to cities in search of work, and yet others went out of the country to work in plantations in Africa and South America.
3. Some of these handloom weavers also found work in the new cotton mills.

Question 9. 
According to Buchanan, how wootz steel is made in Mysore.
Answer:

1. Wootz steel was produced in many hundreds of smelting furnaces in Mysore. In these furnaces, iron was mixed with charcoal and put inside small clay pots.
2. Through an intricate control of temperatures, the smelters produced steel ingots that were used for sword making not just in India but in West and Central Asia too.

Question 10. 
Why was the sword of Tipu Sultan so special?
Answer:
The sword of Tipu Sultan had an incredibly hard and sharp edge that could easily rip through the opponent’s armour. This quality of the sword came from a special type of high carbon steel called Wootz which was produced all over south India.

Question 11. 
Who was Charles Weld?
Answer:
Charles Weld was an American geologist. In 1904, he was travelling with Dorabji Tata, the eldest son of Jamsetji Tata in Chhattisgarh in search of iron ore deposits.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. 
Write a brief note on the Indian textiles and, the world market until the eighteenth century.
Answer:

1. Around 1750, before the British conquered Bengal, India was by far the world’s largest producer of cotton textiles.
2. Indian textiles had long been renowned both for their fine quality and exquisite craftsmanship.
3. They were extensively traded in Southeast Asia (Java, Sumatra and Penang) and West and Central Asia.
4. From the sixteenth-century European trading companies began buying Indian textiles for sale in Europe.
5. By the end of the eighteenth century, the dominance of Indian cloth ruled the world markets.

Question 2. 
What measures were taken in Britain to protect British textile producers from the competition of Indian cloth?
Answer:
1. In 1720, the British government enacted legislation banning the use of printed cotton textiles-chintz-in England.

2. English producers wanted a secure market within the country by preventing the entry of Indian textiles. The first to grow under government protection was the calico printing industry. Indian designs were now imitated and printed in England on white muslin or plain unbleached Indian cloth.

3. Competition with Indian textiles also led to a search for technological innovation in England. In 1764, the spinning jenny was invented by John Kaye which increased the productivity of the traditional spindles.

4. The invention of the steam engine by Richard Arkwright in 1786 revolutionised cotton textile weaving. Cloth could now be woven in immense quantities and cheaply too.

Question 3. 
Which were the main centres of weaving in India in the late 18th century? 
Ans.
In the late 18th century, textile production was concentrated in the following four regions:

1. Bengal was one of the most important centres. Located along the numerous rivers in the delta, the production centres in Bengal could easily transport goods to distant places.
2. Dacca in Eastern Bengal (now Bangladesh) was the foremost textile centre in the eighteenth century. It was famous for its mulmul and jamdani weaving.
3.  Another cluster of cotton weaving centres along the Coromandel coast stretches from Madras to northern Andhra Pradesh.
4. On the west coast, there were important weaving centres in Gujarat.

Question 4. 
What were the different stages of textile production in India?
Answer:
The different stages of textile production in India are as follows:

1. The first stage of production was spinning - a work done mostly by women. The thread was spun on the charkha and rolled on the takli.
2. 2. When the spinning was over the thread was woven into cloth by the weaver. In most communities weaving was a task done by men.
3. For coloured textiles, the thread was dyed by the dyer, known as range.
4. For printed cloth, the weavers needed the help of specialist block printers known as chhipigars.
5. In this way, the cloth was prepared after various steps.

Question 5. 
Describe the rise of cotton textile mills in India.
Answer:
The rise of cotton textile mills in India:

1. In India, a cotton textile mill first emerged in Bombay. It was near western India where cotton was grown.
2. The first cotton mill in India was set up in Bombay in 1854. It was a spinning mill.
3. By 1900, over 84 mills started operating in Bombay. Many of these were established by Parsi and Gujarati businessmen who had made their money through trade with China.
4. Mills came up in other cities too. The first mill in Ahmedabad was started in 1861. A year later a mill was established in Kanpur, in the United Provinces.
5. The growth of cotton mills led to a demand for labour. Thousands of poor peasants, artisans and agricultural labourers moved to the cities to work in the mills.
6. in the first few decades of its existence, the textile factory industry in India faced many problems. The first major spurt in the development of cotton factory production in India was during the First World War.